Tongzhou, Beijing
Tongzhou
通州区 Tungchow | ||
---|---|---|
Postal code 101149 | ||
Area code | 0010 | |
Website | bjtzh.gov.cn/ |
Tongzhou | ||
---|---|---|
Hanyu Pinyin Tōngxiàn | | |
Wade–Giles | T'ung1-hsien4 |
Tongzhou[a] is a district of Beijing. It is located in southeast Beijing and considered the eastern gateway to the nation's capital. Downtown Tongzhou itself lies around 20 km (12 mi) east of central Beijing, at the northern end of the Grand Canal (on the junction between the Tonghui Canal and the Northern Canal) and at the easternmost end of Chang'an Avenue. The entire district covers an area of 906 km2 (350 sq mi), or 6% of Beijing's total area. It had a population of 673,952 at the 2000 Census, and has seen significant growth and development since then, growing to a population of 1,184,000 at the 2010 Census and 1,840,295 at the 2020 census.[1] The district is subdivided into four subdistricts, ten towns, and one ethnic township.
History
Tongzhou was founded in 195 BC during the Western
Ming, Qing & Republican era
In July 1937, subsequent to the infamous
People's Republic
The place name changed to Tong County (simplified Chinese: 通县; traditional Chinese: 通縣; pinyin: Tōng Xiàn) when the area was placed under the new municipal region of Beijing in 1914. It again reverted to "Tongzhou" when the area was upgraded in 1997 to a
On 11 July 2015, Tongzhou became the second administrative seat of Beijing as a "sub-administrative center" for the municipality.[3] Numerous local government departments will be moved to Tongzhou to reduce crowding within the city center of Beijing.[4]
Economy
In 2017, the regional GDP of the district was 75.8 billion yuan,[5] with GDP per capita at 50.3 thousand yuan.
Geography and environment
Tongzhou District borders the Beijing districts of
Tongzhou is situated on the
Climate
Tongzhou District has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dwa). The average annual temperature in Tongzhou is 13.4 °C (56.1 °F). The average annual rainfall is 526.7 mm (20.74 in) with July as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in July, at around 27.2 °C (81.0 °F), and lowest in January, at around −2.5 °C (27.5 °F).
Climate data for Tongzhou District (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 13.5 (56.3) |
20.1 (68.2) |
28.5 (83.3) |
32.1 (89.8) |
37.9 (100.2) |
40.2 (104.4) |
41.9 (107.4) |
38.1 (100.6) |
35.0 (95.0) |
30.6 (87.1) |
21.3 (70.3) |
13.5 (56.3) |
41.9 (107.4) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 2.1 (35.8) |
6.0 (42.8) |
13.0 (55.4) |
20.9 (69.6) |
27.0 (80.6) |
30.7 (87.3) |
31.8 (89.2) |
30.7 (87.3) |
26.5 (79.7) |
19.2 (66.6) |
10.2 (50.4) |
3.5 (38.3) |
18.5 (65.3) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −2.7 (27.1) |
0.6 (33.1) |
7.2 (45.0) |
14.9 (58.8) |
21.1 (70.0) |
25.0 (77.0) |
27.0 (80.6) |
26.0 (78.8) |
21.0 (69.8) |
13.7 (56.7) |
5.2 (41.4) |
−1.0 (30.2) |
13.2 (55.7) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −6.8 (19.8) |
−3.9 (25.0) |
2.2 (36.0) |
9.3 (48.7) |
15.2 (59.4) |
20.0 (68.0) |
22.9 (73.2) |
21.9 (71.4) |
16.3 (61.3) |
8.9 (48.0) |
1.1 (34.0) |
−4.7 (23.5) |
8.5 (47.4) |
Record low °C (°F) | −15.7 (3.7) |
−14.8 (5.4) |
−7.3 (18.9) |
1.2 (34.2) |
6.3 (43.3) |
11.7 (53.1) |
16.5 (61.7) |
15.0 (59.0) |
7.2 (45.0) |
−2.0 (28.4) |
−6.9 (19.6) |
−13.2 (8.2) |
−15.7 (3.7) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 2.1 (0.08) |
5.4 (0.21) |
7.6 (0.30) |
22.4 (0.88) |
37.7 (1.48) |
77.8 (3.06) |
169.6 (6.68) |
115.2 (4.54) |
54.5 (2.15) |
28.7 (1.13) |
13.8 (0.54) |
1.8 (0.07) |
536.6 (21.12) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 1.2 | 1.9 | 2.5 | 4.6 | 5.5 | 9.4 | 11.5 | 9.6 | 6.7 | 4.7 | 2.9 | 1.4 | 61.9 |
Average snowy days | 2.9 | 2.3 | 1.0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.8 | 2.5 | 10.7 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
43 | 42 | 41 | 43 | 49 | 60 | 71 | 73 | 66 | 60 | 54 | 46 | 54 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 176.8 | 179.5 | 224.0 | 239.0 | 264.3 | 224.0 | 190.3 | 205.9 | 203.3 | 193.6 | 162.0 | 164.4 | 2,427.1 |
Percent possible sunshine | 59 | 59 | 60 | 60 | 59 | 50 | 42 | 49 | 55 | 57 | 55 | 57 | 55 |
Source: China Meteorological Administration[6][7] |
Administrative divisions
Tongzhou District is divided into six subdistricts, ten towns, and one ethnic township. Two of the towns of which carry the "area" (地区) label.[8][9]
Name | S ) |
Hanyu Pinyin |
Population (2010)[10] | Area (km2) | Population density (per km2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Zhongcang Subdistrict | 中仓街道 | Zhōngcāng Jiēdào | 57,550 | 6.50 | 8,854 |
Xinhua Subdistrict | 新华街道 | Xīnhuá Jiēdào | 8,891 | 3.25 | 2,736 |
Tongyun Subdistrict | 通运街道 | Tōngyùn Jiēdào | |||
Beiyuan Subdistrict | 北苑街道 | Běiyuàn Jiēdào | 73,423 | 36.60 | 2,006 |
Yuqiao Subdistrict | 玉桥街道 | Yùqiáo Jiēdào | 64,482 | 11.20 | 5,757 |
Luyuan Subdistrict | 潞源街道 | Lùyuán Jiēdào | 72,611 | 144.00 | 504 |
Lucheng town | 潞城镇 | Lùchéng Zhèn | |||
Yongshun (town) Area | 永顺(镇)地区 | Yǒngshùn (Zhèn) Dìqū | 195,194 | 39.46 | 4,947 |
Liyuan (town) Area | 梨园(镇)地区 | Líyuán (Zhèn) Dìqū | 140,520 | 24.87 | 5,650 |
Songzhuang town | 宋庄镇 | Sòngzhuāng Zhèn | 104,143 | 116.00 | 898 |
Zhangjiawan town | 张家湾镇 | Zhāngjiāwān Zhèn | 89,273 | 105.80 | 844 |
Huoxian town | 漷县镇 | Huǒxiàn Zhèn | 61,413 | 113.68 | 540 |
Majuqiao town | 马驹桥镇 | Mǎjūqiáo Zhèn | 107,048 | 82.00 | 1,305 |
Xiji town | 西集镇 | Xījí Zhèn | 43,244 | 95.29 | 454 |
Taihu town | 台湖镇 | Táihú Zhèn | 99,039 | 82.50 | 1,200 |
Yongledian town | 永乐店镇 | Yǒnglèdiàn Zhèn | 40,241 | 105.00 | 383 |
Yujiawu Hui Ethnic Township | 于家务回族乡 | Yújiāwù Huízú Xiāng | 27,184 | 65.70 | 414 |
On May 11, 2020, Tongzhou District Government made a series of changes to its administrative divisions by adding the following subdistricts:[11]
- Wenjing Subdistrict (文景街道)
- Jiukeshu Subdistrict (九棵树街道)
- Linheli Subdistrict (临河里街道)
- Yangzhuang Subdistrict (杨庄街道)
- Luyi Subdistrict (潞邑街道)
Transportation
Downtown Tongzhou is connected to downtown Beijing by
Metro
Tongzhou is currently served by four metro lines operated by Beijing Subway:
- Lucheng
- Hua Zhuang, Universal Resort
- Hua Zhuang, Universal Resort
- Ciqu, Yizhuang railway station
Suburban railway
Tongzhou is also served by two suburban railway lines:
Industry and tourism
There are seven industrial zones with a total area of 64 square kilometers (25 sq mi) in Tongzhou, focusing on manufacturing and high-tech industries. Downtown Tongzhou is earmarked for redevelopment into a comprehensive central business district with an emphasis on consumer retail. In agriculture, the district emphasizes on horticulture, fruit-farming, seed-growing and aquatics. The district government is currently promoting Tongzhou's position at the head of the Grand Canal to attract tourists to its Grand Canal Cultural Park.[citation needed]
The Songzhuang artists' village, where many Chinese contemporary artists live and work, is located in the Tongzhou District.[12][13]
The Universal Beijing Resort is also located in Tongzhou, and opened on 20 September 2021.
Canal Business District is under construction. Headquarters of Beijing branches of Central Government-owned Enterprises and Headquarters of Beijing Government-owned Enterprises will move to Tongzhou.[14] Canal Business District plans to develop industrial clusters of headquarters economy and wealth management.[15]
Gallery of the construction site of Canal Business District:
Education and health
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (September 2015) |
Tongzhou has good education facilities including 113 kindergartens, 141 primary schools, 51 high schools and many adult education colleges[citation needed]. It also boasts the Beijing Materials Institute, Beijing University of Technology and the Beijing Institute of Music. Its hospitals include a specialist tuberculosis treatment center and a hospital specializing in traditional Chinese medicine.
Private schools include:
See also
Notes
- ^ Chinese: 通州区; pinyin: Tōngzhōu Qū; Wade–Giles: T'ung1chou1 Ch'ü1, alternate spellings Tungchow Tungchou (T'ung-chou), or Tong County during 1914–1997
References
- ^ "China: Bĕijīng (Districts) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 9 February 2024.
- ^ "History & Culture". Tongzhou. Archived from the original on 5 October 2011.[]
- ^ 北京加快"行政副中心"建设 将聚焦通州. 凤凰财经 (in Chinese). 11 July 2015. Retrieved 15 July 2015.
- ^ Johnson, Ian (25 June 2015). "China Aims to Move Beijing Government Out of City's Crowded Core". The New York Times. Retrieved 3 November 2016.
- ^ [1]"Regional Yearbook of Beijing,2018"
- ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 26 August 2023.
- ^ 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 26 August 2023.
- ^ These towns are officially classified as subdistricts, but as they coincide with the area of the same name, they are commonly named "areas" (地区)
- ^ 2011年统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码:通州区 (in Chinese). National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China. Archived from the original on 11 April 2013. Retrieved 7 January 2013.
- ISBN 978-7-5037-6660-2.
- ^ "政策文件文章页_北京市通州区人民政府". www.bjtzh.gov.cn. Retrieved 12 October 2022.
- ^ "Branding Songzhuang". Studio 360: Made in China. 16 November 2007.
{{cite episode}}
: External link in
(help)|series=
- ^ "SongZhuang Artists Community". Retrieved 28 November 2008.
- ^ 北京城市副中心行政办公区二期加快建设. 人民网 (in Chinese). 5 January 2020.
- ^ 徐飞鹏 武红利 (9 December 2019). "蔡奇:建设一流的现代运河商务区-新华网". 北京日报. Archived from the original on 10 December 2019.