Tony Benn
Tony Benn | |||||||||||||
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President of the Stop the War Coalition | |||||||||||||
In office 21 September 2001 – 14 March 2014 | |||||||||||||
Vice President | Lindsey German | ||||||||||||
Chairman | |||||||||||||
Preceded by | Secretary of State for Energy | ||||||||||||
In office 10 June 1975 – 4 May 1979 | |||||||||||||
Prime Minister | |||||||||||||
Preceded by | Minister of Technology | ||||||||||||
In office 4 July 1966 – 19 June 1970 | |||||||||||||
Prime Minister | Harold Wilson | ||||||||||||
Preceded by | Frank Cousins | ||||||||||||
Succeeded by | Geoffrey Rippon | ||||||||||||
Postmaster General | |||||||||||||
In office 15 October 1964 – 4 July 1966 | |||||||||||||
Prime Minister | Harold Wilson | ||||||||||||
Preceded by | Reginald Bevins | ||||||||||||
Succeeded by | Edward Short | ||||||||||||
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Personal details | |||||||||||||
Born | Anthony Neil Wedgwood Benn 3 April 1925 London, England | ||||||||||||
Died | 14 March 2014 London, England | (aged 88)||||||||||||
Political party | Labour | ||||||||||||
Other political affiliations | Socialist Campaign Group[1] | ||||||||||||
Spouse | |||||||||||||
Children | 4, including William Wedgwood Benn (father) | ||||||||||||
Relatives | Emily Benn (granddaughter) | ||||||||||||
Education | Westminster School | ||||||||||||
Alma mater | New College, Oxford | ||||||||||||
Signature | |||||||||||||
Military service | |||||||||||||
Allegiance | United Kingdom | ||||||||||||
Branch/service | Royal Air Force | ||||||||||||
Rank | Pilot officer | ||||||||||||
Battles/wars | World War II | ||||||||||||
Anthony Neil Wedgwood Benn (3 April 1925 – 14 March 2014), known between 1960 and 1963 as The 2nd Viscount Stansgate, was a British
The son of a
Benn served as
Benn was widely seen as a key proponent of democratic socialism and Christian socialism, though in regards to the latter he supported the United Kingdom becoming a secular state and ending the Church of England's status as an official church of the United Kingdom.[2][3] Originally considered a moderate within the party, he was identified as belonging to its left wing after leaving ministerial office. The terms Bennism and Bennite came into usage to describe the left-wing politics he espoused from the late 1970s and its adherents. He was an influence on the political views of Jeremy Corbyn, who was elected Leader of the Labour Party a year after Benn's death, and John McDonnell, who served as Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer under Corbyn.
Early life and family
Benn was born in Westminster, London,
William Benn was elevated to the House of Lords and Tony Benn was subsequently titled with the honorific prefix, The Honourable. William Benn was given the title of Viscount Stansgate in 1942: the new wartime coalition government was short of working Labour peers in the upper house.[9] In 1945–46, William Benn was the Secretary of State for Air in the first majority Labour Government.[10]
Benn's mother,
Benn was for over 30 years a committed Christian.
Later in his life, Benn emphasised issues regarding morality and righteousness, as well as various ethical principles of
According to Wilby in the
Both of Benn's grandfathers were Liberal Party MPs; his paternal grandfather was
During the
After attending Eaton House day school near Sloane Square,[33] Benn entered Westminster School, and studied at New College, Oxford, where he read Philosophy, politics and economics and was elected President of the Oxford Union in 1947.[34] In later life, Benn removed public references to his private education from Who's Who. In 1970 all references to Westminster School were removed,[35] and in the 1975 edition his entry stated: "Education—still in progress". In the 1976 edition, almost all details were omitted except his name, jobs as a Member of Parliament and as a Government Minister, and address; the publishers confirmed that Benn had sent back the draft entry with everything else struck through.[36] In the 1977 edition, Benn's entry disappeared entirely,[37] and when he returned to Who's Who in 1983, he was listed as "Tony Benn" and all references to his education or service record were removed.[35]
In 1972, Benn said in his diaries that "Today I had the idea that I would resign my Privy Councillorship, my MA and all my honorary doctorates in order to strip myself of what the world had to offer".
Benn met
Two of Benn's children have been active in Labour Party politics. His eldest son Stephen was an elected Member of the
Benn and his wife Caroline became vegetarian in 1970, for ethical reasons, and remained so for the rest of their lives. Benn cited the decision of his son Hilary to become vegetarian as an important factor in his own decision to adopt a vegetarian diet.[46][47][48]
Early parliamentary career
Member of Parliament, 1950–1960
Following the Second World War, Benn worked briefly as a
As MP for Bristol South East, Benn helped organise the 1963
Peerage reform
Benn's father was created Viscount Stansgate in 1942 when Winston Churchill increased the number of Labour peers to aid political work in the House of Lords; at this time, Benn's elder brother Michael, then serving in the RAF, was intending to enter the priesthood and had no objections to inheriting a peerage. However, Michael was later killed in an accident while on active service in the Second World War, and this left Benn as the heir-apparent to the peerage. He made several unsuccessful attempts to renounce the succession.[52]
In November 1960, Lord Stansgate died. Benn automatically became a peer, preventing him from sitting in the House of Commons. The Speaker of the Commons, Sir Harry Hylton-Foster, did not allow him to deliver a speech from the bar of the House of Commons in April 1961 when the by-election was being called.[55] Continuing to maintain his right to abandon his peerage, Benn fought to retain his seat in a by-election caused by his succession on 4 May 1961. Although he was disqualified from taking his seat, he was re-elected. An election court found that the voters were fully aware that Benn was disqualified, and declared the seat won by the Conservative runner-up, Malcolm St Clair, who was at the time also the heir presumptive to a peerage.[56]
Benn continued his campaign outside Parliament. Within two years, though, the
Benn was a supporter of abolishing the House of Lords.[60]
In government, 1964–1970
In the
Benn also led the government's opposition to the "pirate" radio stations broadcasting from international waters, which he was aware would be an unpopular measure.[63] He claimed that some of these stations were causing interference to emergency radio used by shipping,[64] although he was not responsible for introducing the Marine Broadcasting Offences Bill when it came before Parliament at the end of July 1966 for its first reading.[65]
Earlier in the month, Benn was promoted to
The flag of
Belsen. If we do not speak up now against the filthy and obscene racialist propaganda ... the forces of hatred will mark up their first success and mobilise their first offensive...Enoch Powell has emerged as the real leader of the Conservative Party. He is a far stronger character than Mr. Heath. He speaks his mind; Heath does not. The final proof of Powell's power is that Heath dare not attack him publicly, even when he says things that disgust decent Conservatives.[67]
The
During the 1970s Benn publicly defended Marxism, saying:
The Communist Manifesto, and many other works of Marxist philosophy, have always profoundly influenced the British labour movement and the British Labour Party, and have strengthened our understanding and enriched our thinking. It would be as unthinkable to try to construct the Labour Party without Marx as it would be to establish university faculties of astronomy, anthropology or psychology without permitting the study of Copernicus, Darwin or Freud, and still expect such faculties to be taken seriously.[70][71]
Labour lost the 1970 election to Edward Heath's Conservatives and upon Heath's application to join the European Economic Community, a surge in left-wing Euroscepticism emerged.[72] Benn "was stridently against membership",[73] and campaigned in favour of a referendum on the UK's membership. The Shadow Cabinet voted to support a referendum on 29 March 1972, and as a result Roy Jenkins resigned as Deputy Leader of the Labour Party.[74]
In government, 1974–1979
In the
Upon the death of Mao Zedong in 1976, Benn described Mao as "one of the greatest—if not the greatest—figures of the twentieth century: a schoolteacher who transformed China, released it from civil war and foreign attack and constructed a new society there" in his diaries, adding that "he certainly towers above any twentieth-century figure I can think of in his philosophical contribution and military genius".[79] On his trip to the Chinese embassy after Mao's death, Benn recorded in an earlier volume of his diaries that he was "a great admirer of Mao", while also admitting that "he made mistakes, because everybody does".[80]
During Benn's time as energy minister from 1975 to 1979 he supported the United Kingdom's use of nuclear power. However, later in his life he became an opponent of nuclear power, attributing his time as running it as a minister to persuading him it was not cheap, safe or peaceful.[81][82] When asked in an interview in January 2009 on what he had changed his mind on over the course of his life he expanded on this issue by saying:
"Nuclear power, for example. In 1955 when Eisenhower said he was going for 'Atoms for Peace' I became a passionate supporter of it. Having been brought up on the Bible I liked the idea of swords into ploughshares. I advocated nuclear power as Minister of Technology. I was told, and believed, that nuclear power was cheap, safe and peaceful. Having been in charge of nuclear power I discovered it wasn't cheap, wasn't safe and when I left office I was told that during my period as Secretary of State for Energy, plutonium from our nuclear power stations went to the Pentagon to make nuclear weapons. So every nuclear power station in Britain is a bomb factory for America. I was utterly shaken by that. Nothing in the world would now induce me to support nuclear power. It was a mistake."[83]
Move to the left
By the end of the 1970s, Benn's views had shifted to the
- How "the Civil Service can frustrate the policies and decisions of popularly elected governments"
- The centralised nature of the Labour Party which allowed the Leader to run "the Party almost as if it were his personal kingdom"
- "The power of industrialists and bankers to get their way by use of the crudest form of economic pressure, even blackmail, against a Labour Government"
- The power of the media, which "like the power of the medieval Church, ensures that events of the day are always presented from the point of the view of those who enjoy economic privilege"[84]
As regards the power of industrialists and bankers, Benn remarked:
Compared to this, the pressure brought to bear in industrial disputes by the unions is minuscule. This power was revealed even more clearly in 1976 when the
Parliamentary democracy is, in truth, little more than a means of securing a periodical change in the management team, which is then allowed to preside over a system that remains in essence intact. If the British people were ever to ask themselves what power they truly enjoyed under our political system they would be amazed to discover how little it is, and some new Chartist agitation might be born and might quickly gather momentum.[85]
Benn's philosophy consisted of a form of
He was vilified by most of the press while his opponents implied and stated that a Benn-led Labour Government would implement a type of Eastern European state socialism,[89] with Edward Heath referring to Benn as "Commissar Benn"[90] and others referring to Benn as a "Bollinger Bolshevik".[35] Despite this, Benn was overwhelmingly popular with Labour activists in the constituencies: a survey of delegates at the Labour Party Conference in 1978 found that by large margins they supported Benn for the leadership, as well as many Bennite policies.[91]
He publicly supported
In
In opposition, 1979–1997
In a keynote speech to the Labour Party Conference of 1980, shortly before the resignation of party leader James Callaghan and election of Michael Foot as successor, Benn outlined what he envisaged the next Labour Government would do. "Within days", a Labour Government would gain powers to nationalise industries, control capital and implement industrial democracy; "within weeks", all powers from Brussels would be returned to Westminster, and the House of Lords would be abolished by creating one thousand new peers and then abolishing the peerage. Benn received tumultuous applause.[97] On 25 January 1981, Roy Jenkins, David Owen, Shirley Williams and Bill Rodgers (known collectively as the "Gang of Four") launched the Council for Social Democracy, which became the Social Democratic Party in March. The "Gang of Four" left the Labour Party because of what they perceived to be the influence of the Militant tendency and the Bennite "hard left" within the party.[98][99] Benn was highly critical of the SDP, saying that "Britain has had SDP governments for the past 25 years."[100]
Benn stood against Denis Healey, the party's incumbent deputy leader, triggering the 1981 deputy leadership election, disregarding an appeal from Michael Foot to either stand for the leadership or abstain from inflaming the party's divisions. Benn defended his decision insisting that it was "not about personalities, but about policies". The result was announced on 27 September 1981; Healey retained his position by a margin of barely one per cent. The decision of several soft left MPs, including Neil Kinnock, to abstain triggered the split of the Socialist Campaign Group from the left of the Tribune Group.[1] After Argentina invaded the Falkland Islands in April 1982, Benn argued that the dispute should be settled by the United Nations and that the British Government should not send a task force to recapture the islands. The task force was sent, and following the Falklands War, they were back in British control by mid-June. In a debate in the Commons just after the Falklands were recaptured, Benn's demand for "a full analysis of the costs in life, equipment and money in this tragic and unnecessary war" was rejected by Margaret Thatcher, who stated that "he would not enjoy the freedom of speech that he put to such excellent use unless people had been prepared to fight for it".[101]
For the
In a by-election, Benn was elected as the MP for Chesterfield, the next Labour seat to fall vacant, after Eric Varley had left the Commons to head Coalite. On the day of the by-election, 1 March 1984, The Sun newspaper ran a hostile feature article, "Benn on the Couch", which purported to be the opinions of an American psychiatrist.[104]
Newly elected to a mining seat, Benn was a supporter of the 1984–85 UK miners' strike, which was beginning when he returned to the Commons, and of his long-standing friend, the National Union of Mineworkers leader Arthur Scargill. However, some miners considered Benn's 1977 industry reforms to have caused problems during the strike; firstly, that they led to huge wage differences and distrust between miners of different regions; and secondly that the controversy over balloting miners for these reforms made it unclear as to whether a ballot was needed for a strike or whether it could be deemed as a "regional matter" in the same way that the 1977 reforms had been.[105][106] Benn also spoke at a Militant tendency rally held in 1984, saying: "The labour movement is not engaged in a personalised battle against individual cabinet ministers, nor do we seek to win public support by arguing that the crisis could be ended by the election of a new and more humane team of ministers who are better qualified to administer capitalism. We are working for a majority labour government, elected on a socialist programme, as decided by conference."[107]
In June 1985, three months after the miners admitted defeat and ended their strike, Benn introduced the Miners' Amnesty (General Pardon) Bill into the Commons, which would have extended an amnesty to all miners imprisoned during the strike. This would have included two men convicted of murder (later reduced to manslaughter) for the killing of David Wilkie, a taxi driver driving a non-striking miner to work in South Wales during the strike.[108]
Benn stood for election as party leader
Benn supported various
if the sense of the word "promote" can be read across from "describe", every murder play promotes murder, every war play promotes war, every drama involving the eternal triangle promotes adultery; and Mr. Richard Branson's condom campaign promotes fornication. The House had better be very careful before it gives to judges, who come from a narrow section of society, the power to interpret "promote".[111]
Benn later voted for the repeal of Section 28 during the first term of Tony Blair's New Labour Government, and voted in favour of equalising the age of consent.[111]
In 1990, he proposed a "Margaret Thatcher (Global Repeal) Bill", which he said "could go through both Houses in 24 hours. It would be easy to reverse the policies and replace the personalities—the process has begun—but the rotten values that have been propagated from the platform of political power in Britain during the past 10 years will be an infection—a virulent strain of right-wing capitalist thinking which it will take time to overcome."[112]
In 1991, with Labour still in opposition and a general election due by June 1992, he proposed the
The bill included the following:
- Abolishing the House of Lords
- Establishing a House of the People
- Lowering the voting age to 16
- Establishing a national parliament for England, Scotland and Wales
- Ending British rule in Northern Ireland
- The Church separated from the state
- Honours list reformed to recognise services to the community
- Confirmation of judges and election of magistrates
- No constitutional role for the monarchy (continue to live in Buckingham Palace)[115]
In the same year, Benn also received a Pipe Smoker of the Year award, claiming in his acceptance speech that "pipe smoking stopped you going to war".[116]
In 1991, Benn reiterated his opposition to the
Prior to retirement, 1997–2001
In 1997, the Labour Party under
Benn strongly objected to the
Several months prior to his retirement, Benn was a signatory to a letter, alongside Niki Adams (Legal Action for Women), Ian Macdonald QC, Gareth Peirce, and other legal professionals, that was published in The Guardian newspaper on 22 February 2001 condemning raids of more than 50 brothels in the central London area of Soho. At the time, a police spokesman said: "As far as we know, this is the biggest simultaneous crackdown on brothels and prostitution in this country in recent times", the arrest of 28 people in an operation that involved around 110 police officers.[128] The letter read:
In the name of "protecting" women from trafficking, about 40 women, including a woman from Iraq, were arrested, detained and in some cases summarily removed from Britain. If any of these women have been trafficked ... they deserve protection and resources, not punishment by expulsion. ... Having forced women into destitution, the government first criminalised those who begged. Now it is trying to use prostitution as a way to make deportation of the vulnerable more acceptable. We will not allow such injustice to go unchallenged.[129]
Retirement and final years, 2001–2014
Benn chose not to seek re-election at the 2001 general election, saying he was "leaving parliament in order to spend more time on politics."[130] Along with former Prime Minister Edward Heath, Benn was permitted by the Speaker to continue using the House of Commons Library and Members' refreshment facilities. Shortly after his retirement, he became the President of the Stop the War Coalition.[109] He became a leading figure of the British opposition to the War in Afghanistan from 2001 and the Iraq War, and in February 2003 he travelled to Baghdad to meet Saddam Hussein. The interview was broadcast on British television.[131]
He spoke against the war at the February 2003 protest in London organised by the Stop the War Coalition, with police saying it was the biggest ever demonstration in the UK with about 750,000 marchers, and the organisers estimating nearly a million people participating.[132] In February 2004 and 2008, he was re-elected President of the Stop the War Coalition.[133]
He toured with a one-man stage show and appeared a few times each year in a two-man show with folk singer Roy Bailey. In 2003, his show with Bailey was voted 'Best Live Act' at the BBC Radio 2 Folk Awards.[134][135] In 2002, he opened the "Left Field" stage at the Glastonbury Festival. He continued to speak at each subsequent festival; attending one of his speeches was described as a "Glastonbury rite of passage".[136] In October 2003, he was a guest of British Airways on the last scheduled Concorde flight from New York to London. In June 2005, he was a panellist on a special edition of BBC One's Question Time edited entirely by a school-age film crew selected by a BBC competition.[137]
On 21 June 2005, Benn presented a programme on democracy as part of the Channel 5 series Big Ideas That Changed The World. He presented a left-wing view of democracy as the means to pass power from the "wallet to the ballot". He argued that traditional social democratic values were under threat in an increasingly globalised world in which powerful institutions such as the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and the European Commission are unelected and unaccountable to those whose lives they affect daily.[138]
On 27 September 2005, Benn became ill while attending the annual
In a list compiled by the magazine
For the
In early 2008, Benn appeared on Scottish singer-songwriter
At the Stop the War Conference 2009, he described the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan as "Imperialist war(s)" and discussed the killing of American and allied troops by Iraqi or foreign insurgents, questioning whether they were in fact freedom fighters, and comparing the insurgents to a British Dad's Army, saying: "If you are invaded you have a right to self-defence, and this idea that people in Iraq and Afghanistan who are resisting the invasion are militant Muslim extremists is a complete bloody lie. I joined Dad's Army when I was sixteen, and if the Germans had arrived, I tell you, I could use a bayonet, a rifle, a revolver, and if I'd seen a German officer having a meal I'd have tossed a grenade through the window. Would I have been a freedom fighter or a terrorist?"[25]
In an interview published in Dartford Living in September 2009, Benn was critical of the Government's decision to delay the findings of the Iraq War Inquiry until after the general election, stating that "people can take into account what the inquiry has reported on but they've deliberately pushed it beyond the election. Government is responsible for explaining what it has done and I don't think we were told the truth."[150] He also stated that local government was strangled by Margaret Thatcher and had not been liberated by New Labour.[150]
In 2009, Benn was admitted to hospital and An Evening with Tony Benn, scheduled to take place at London's Cadogan Hall, was cancelled. He performed his show, The Writing on the Wall, with Roy Bailey at St Mary's Church, Ashford, Kent, in September 2011, as part of the arts venue's first Revelation St. Mary's Season.[151] In July 2011 Benn was awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of Glamorgan, Wales.[152]
Benn headed the "coalition of resistance", a group which was opposed to the UK austerity programme.[153][154] In interviews in 2010 with Amy Goodman on Democracy Now! and 2013 with Afshin Rattansi on RT UK, Benn claimed that the actions of New Labour in the leadup to and aftermath of the Iraq War were such that the former Prime Minister Tony Blair should be tried for war crimes.[155][156] Benn also claimed in 2010 that Blair had lost the "trust of the nation" regarding the war in Iraq.[157]
In 2012, Benn was awarded an honorary degree from
Benn was consistently one of the most vocal critics of
Illness and death
In 1990, Benn was diagnosed with chronic lymphatic leukaemia and given three or four years to live; at this time, he kept the news of his leukaemia from everyone except his immediate family. Benn said: "When you're in parliament, you can't describe your medical condition. People immediately start wondering what your majority is and when there will be a by-election. They're very brutal."[163] This was revealed in 2002 with the release of his 1990–2001 diaries.[163]
Benn had a stroke in 2012, and spent much of the following year in hospital.[164] He was reported to be "seriously ill" in hospital in February 2014.[165] Benn died at home on 14 March 2014, surrounded by his family, at the age of 88.[166]
Benn's funeral took place on 27 March 2014 at
Figures from across the political spectrum praised Benn following his death,[172][173] and the leaders of all three major political parties (the Conservatives, Labour and the Liberal Democrats) in the United Kingdom paid tribute.
Conservative leader and Prime Minister David Cameron said:
... he was an extraordinary man: a great writer, a brilliant speaker, extraordinary in Parliament, and a great life of public and political and parliamentary service. I mean, I disagreed with most of what he said. But he was always engaging and interesting, and you were never bored when reading or listening to him, and the country a great campaigner, a great writer, and someone who I'm sure whose words will be followed keenly for many, many years to come.[174][175]
Deputy Prime Minister, Nick Clegg called Benn an "astonishing, iconic figure" and a "veteran parliamentarian, he was a great writer, he had great warmth and he had great conviction ... his political life will be looked back on with affection and admiration".[175]
Leader of the Opposition and Labour leader Ed Miliband, who knew Benn personally as a family friend, said:
I think Tony Benn will be remembered as a champion of the powerless, as a conviction politician, as somebody of deep principle and integrity. The thing about Tony Benn is that you always knew what he stood for, and who he stood up for. And I think that's why he was admired right across the political spectrum. There are people who agreed with him and disagreed with him, including in my own party, but I think people admired that sense of conviction and integrity that shone through from Tony Benn.[174][175]
Personal life
Benn was a
Diaries and biographies
External videos | |
---|---|
Interview with Benn on his diaries, July 13, 1994, C-SPAN |
Benn was a prolific diarist.
He made public several episodes of audio diaries he made during his time in Parliament and after retirement, entitled The Benn Tapes, broadcast originally on BBC Radio 4. Short series have been played periodically on
There are substantial essays on Benn in the Dictionary of Labour Biography by
On 5 March 2019, it was announced that a large political archive of Benn's speeches, diaries, letters, pamphlets, recordings and ephemera had been accepted in lieu of £210,000 inheritance tax and allocated to the British Library. The audio recordings total to thousands of hours of content.[182]
Plaques
During his final years in Parliament, Benn placed three plaques within the
The third is dedicated to
In 2011, Benn unveiled a plaque in Highbury, North London, to commemorate the Peasants' Revolt of 1381.[186]
Legacy
In Bristol, where Benn first served as a member of parliament, a number of tributes exist in his honour. A bust of him was unveiled in Bristol's City Hall in 2005.[187][188] In 2012 Transport House on Victoria Street, headquarters of Unite the Union's regional office, was officially renamed Tony Benn House and opened by Benn himself.[189] As of 2015 he appears, alongside other famous people associated with the city, on the reverse of the Bristol pound's £B5 banknote.[190]
Benn told the Socialist Review in 2007:
I'd like to have on my gravestone: "He encouraged us." I'm proud to have been in the parliament that introduced the health service, the welfare state and voted against means testing. I did my maiden speech on nationalising the steel industry, put down the first motion for the boycott of South African goods, and resigned from the shadow cabinet in 1958 because of their support for nuclear weapons.
I think you do plant a few acorns, and I have lived to see one or two trees growing: gay rights, freedom of information, CND. I'm not claiming them for myself but you feel you have encouraged other people and see the arguments developing.
I'm not ashamed of making mistakes. I've made a million mistakes and they're all in the diary. When we edit the diary—which is cut to around 10 per cent—every mistake has to be printed because people look to see if you do. I would be ashamed if I thought I'd ever said anything I didn't believe to get on, but making mistakes is part of life, isn't it?[191]
Benn was widely seen as a key proponent of democratic socialism.[192] He was described as "one of the few UK politicians to have become more left-wing after holding ministerial office".[193] Harold Wilson, his former boss, maintained that Benn was the only man he knew who "immatures with age".[194]
He has been cited as being a key mentor to future leader of the Labour Party Jeremy Corbyn, with his Shadow Chancellor John McDonnell commenting that "they would discuss everything under the sun. Jeremy was very close to Tony right up until the end."[195] Corbyn was elected as leader of the Labour Party a little over a year after Benn's death, an act which Hilary Benn said would have made his father feel "thrilled".[196]
Styles
- Anthony Wedgwood Benn, Esq. (1925 – 12 January 1942)
- The Hon. Anthony Wedgwood Benn (12 January 1942 – 30 November 1950)
- The Hon. Anthony Wedgwood Benn, MP (30 November 1950 – 17 November 1960)
- The Rt Hon. The Viscount Stansgate (17 November 1960 – 31 July 1963)
- Anthony Wedgwood Benn, Esq. (31 July – 20 August 1963)
- Anthony Wedgwood Benn, Esq., MP (20 August 1963 – 1964)
- The Rt Hon. Anthony Wedgwood Benn, MP (1964 – October 1973)
- The Rt Hon. Tony Benn, MP (October 1973 – 9 June 1983)
- The Rt Hon. Tony Benn (9 June 1983 – 1 March 1984)
- The Rt Hon. Tony Benn, MP (1 March 1984 – 14 May 2001)
- The Rt Hon. Tony Benn (14 May 2001 – 14 March 2014)
Bibliography
- ISBN 978-0-330-51147-6.
- Speeches, Spokesman Books (1974); ISBN 0851240917
- Levellers and the English Democratic Tradition, Spokesman Books (1976); ISBN 978-0-85124-633-8
- Why America Needs Democratic Socialism, Spokesman Books (1978); ISBN 978-0-85124-266-8
- Prospects, Amalgamated Union of Engineering Workers, Technical, Administrative and Supervisory Section (1979)
- Case for Constitutional Civil Service, ISBN 978-0-901740-67-0
- Case for Party Democracy, Institute for Workers' Control (1980); ISBN 978-0-901740-70-0
- Arguments for Socialism, ISBN 978-0-14-005489-7
- & ISBN 978-0-224-01878-4
- European Unity: A New Perspective, Spokesman Books (1981) ISBN 978-0-85124-326-9
- Parliament and Power: Agenda for a Free Society, ISBN 978-0-86091-057-2
- Fighting Back: Speaking Out for Socialism in the Eighties, Hutchinson, (1988) ISBN 0091737923
- The Future for Socialism, Fount (1991) ISBN 0006275834
- & Andrew Hood, Common Sense: New Constitution for Britain, Hutchinson (1993)
- Free Radical: New Century Essays, Continuum International Publishing (2004); ISBN 978-0-8264-7400-1
- Dare to Be a Daniel: Then and Now, ISBN 978-0-09-179999-1
- Letters to my Grandchildren: Thoughts on the Future, ISBN 978-0-09-953909-4
Diaries
- Out of the Wilderness: Diaries 1963–67, Hutchinson (1987); ISBN 978-0-09-170660-9
- Office Without Power: Diaries 1968–72, Hutchinson (1988); ISBN 978-0-09-173647-7
- Against the Tide: Diaries 1973–76, Hutchinson (1989); ISBN 978-0-09-173775-7
- Conflicts of Interest: Diaries 1977–80, Hutchinson (1990); ISBN 978-0-09-174321-5
- The End of an Era: Diaries 1980–90, Hutchinson (1992); ISBN 978-0-09-174857-9
- Years of Hope: Diaries 1940–62, Hutchinson (1994); ISBN 978-0-09-178534-5
- The Benn Diaries: Single Volume Edition 1940–90, Hutchinson (1995); ISBN 978-0-09-179223-7
- Free at Last!: Diaries 1991–2001, Hutchinson (2002); ISBN 978-0-09-179352-4
- More Time for Politics: Diaries 2001–2007, Hutchinson (2007); ISBN 978-0-09-951705-4
- A Blaze of Autumn Sunshine: The Last Diaries, Hutchinson (2013); ISBN 978-0-09-194387-5
See also
- Labour Representation Committee (2004)
- List of British republicans
- Republicanism in the United Kingdom
- Socialist Campaign Group
References
- ^ ISBN 978-0-333-44748-2.
- ^ White, Michael (14 March 2014). "Tony Benn: the establishment insider turned leftwing outsider". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 September 2022.
- ^ Rush, Martyn (26 February 2021). "Tony Benn's Plan to Democratise Britain – and Abolish the Monarchy". Tribune. Retrieved 22 September 2022.
- ^ Oxford National Biography.
- ^ "Tony Benn – Official Website". tonybenn.com. Archived from the original on 7 February 2003. Retrieved 2 May 2010.
- ^ Webb, Alban (1 March 2017). "David Wedgwood Benn obituary". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 1 March 2017. Retrieved 2 March 2017. The youngest of his brothers, Jeremy, was still-born.
- ^ Tony Benn - A biography - Jad Adams (p. 8).
- ^ "William Wedgwood Benn, MP and war hero". Great War London. 14 July 2014. Archived from the original on 3 September 2018. Retrieved 3 September 2018.
- required.)
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External links
By date
- Contributions in Parliament by Tony Benn. Hansard, 1925–2005. [1]
- Late Developer: Review of Against the Tide: Diaries 1973–1976 by Tony Benn. Author – Paul Foot, 1985.
- Andrew Roth. "Tony Benn Chesterfield and Bristol South East MP". The Guardian, 25 March 2001.
- The Guardian web guide to Benn.. 6 June 2002.
- Face-to-Face with Tony Benn. Freeview video interview by the Vega Science Trust. Recorded in 2005.
- Benn, Tony. "Exclusive Interview". Glastonbury Festival. Archived from the original on 24 May 2005. Retrieved 5 May 2016 – via the Wayback Machine.
- Tony Benn. "Atomic hypocrisy: West is not in a position to take a high moral line". The Guardian, 30 November 2005.
- Interview with Tony Benn – Radio France Internationale. 28 March 2008 – 6-minute audio – Ahead of G20 marches, London. Archived 27 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine
- Tony Benn on Tony Blair: "He Is Guilty of a War Crime". Video report by Democracy Now!. 21 September 2010.
- Obituary: Tony Benn. BBC News, 14 March 2014.
- Tony Benn: a stalwart of the peace and anti-nuclear movement. Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, 14 March 2014.
- Allegretti, Aubrey (12 July 2021). "Tony Benn's son takes House of Lords seat renounced by his father". The Guardian. Retrieved 8 November 2021.
Other
- Audio interview with The Guardian.
- His Address to the College Historical Society of Trinity College.
- Tony Benn | People Before Profit | the Budget | 24 Nov 2008. YouTube. Tony Benn speaking in November 2008.
- Private Eye depictions of Benn: "Most Dangerous Man in Britain", "Labour United", "Benn's Triumph", "Foot & Benn Disease", "Would You Buy a New Car From This Man?".
- Tony Benn on Modern Liberty. Tony Benn speaking for The Convention on Modern Liberty. YouTube. 23 February 2009.
- Works by or about Tony Benn at Internet Archive
- Works by Tony Benn at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
- Tony Benn on The Guardian
- Appearances on C-SPAN
- Portraits of Tony Benn at the National Portrait Gallery, London