Tony McMichael

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Professor Anthony John McMichael AO FTSE MBBS PhD (3 October 1942 – 26 September 2014) was an Australian epidemiologist who retired from the Australian National University in 2012.

Background

McMichael grew up in Adelaide, and graduated in medicine from the University of Adelaide (1961-1967). As a student he spent a summer volunteering at a leprosy colony in New Delhi, India where he saw how patients were treated as social outcasts suffering from the stigma of a disfiguring disease although they were no longer contagious. The following year, whilst on a similar service trip to Papua New Guinea he met social sciences student Judith Healy, whom he married shortly after graduation. They had 2 children. He was elected president of the National Union of Students, based in Melbourne, in 1968.[citation needed]

After 18 months in general practice, he was invited to become the PhD student of Professor Basil Hetzel at the new department of social and preventive medicine, Monash University in Victoria, graduating in 1972. Studying factors that influenced the mental health of undergraduate students, he gained skills in epidemiological research. He also showed early evidence of independent inquiry informed by reading the works of thinkers such as Paul R. Ehrlich and Anne H. Ehrlich who questioned the capacity of the Earth to support a growing world population with increasing consumption of resources.[citation needed]

He then worked at the School of Public Health at the

NHMRC Australia Fellowship at the ANU, where he also ran the Environment, Climate, and Health research program. McMichael was chair of think tank The Australia Institute.[2]

Scholarly contributions

McMichael coined the term the '

Healthy Migrant effect'), a statistical fiction that tended to overestimate the good health of populations working in noxious industries. His study established a link between benzene exposure and leukemia among tyre builders.[3][4]

While working in South Australia, he uncovered a link between

lead pollution and impaired childhood neurocognitive development around an industrial plant in Port Pirie.[5] His work, and two other studies, were instrumental in the phasing out of lead in more than 100 countries.[6] Increasingly interested in underlying causes of illness, he exposed the effects of passive smoking, and also the effects of UV radiation in creating lower rates of multiple sclerosis, which has a higher incidence in populations towards the poles. UV exposure lessens immune system activity, including misdirected "autoimmune" attacks on the body tissues.[7]

In later years, and particularly after returning to Australia in 2001, he worked on the

health effects of climate change.[8] He had always been influenced by ideas of anthropogenic crises, first population growth and latterly of general planetary overload. He argued that a warming world would have significant negative effects on human health. He said "Climate change is not just about disruptions to the local economy or loss of jobs or loss of iconic species. It's actually about weakening the foundations the life support systems that we depend on as a human species."[3] His team showed that tens of thousands of people were dying each year from climate-induced flooding, malnutrition, and infectious diseases.[9]

Honours

  • Officer of the Order of Australia
    , 2011
  • Member, US National Academy of Sciences, 2011
  • Shared the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize with Al Gore and world scientists
  • Fellow of the Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering
    , 2003
  • Fellow, Australian Faculty of Public Health Medicine
  • John R. Goldsmith award, outstanding contributions to environmental epidemiology, ISEE (2000)

Publications

McMichael published over 300 peer-reviewed papers, 160 book chapters and two sole-author books: "Planetary Overload: Global Environmental Change and Human Health" (1993), and "Human Frontiers, Environments and Disease: Past Patterns, Uncertain Futures" (2001). He has co-authored or edited several books.

In 2012 a Festschrift was held to commemorate his career.[10] In 2015, the formal written festchrift was published.[11]

His last book was published by Oxford University Press in 2017.[12]

References

  1. ^ National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, nceph.anu.edu.au
  2. ^ "Clive Hamilton to leave Australia Institute". The Australia Institute. 22 November 2007. Retrieved 11 January 2018.
  3. ^
    PMID 22547802
    .
  4. ^ McMichael AJ (1976) "Standardized mortality ratios and the 'healthy worker effect': Scratching beneath the surface". J Occup Med 18:165–168.
  5. N Engl J Med
    319:468–475
  6. ^ "Paying tribute to Professor Tony McMichael: One of the world's public health champions – Croakey".
  7. ^ McMichael AJ, Hall AJ (1997) "Does immunosuppressive ultraviolet radiation explain the latitude gradient for multiple sclerosis?" Epidemiology 8:642–645.
  8. PNAS
    107 (21): 9483-9484
  9. WHO
    . pp 1543–1650
  10. ^ "AJ McMichael Festschrift". Australian National University. 2 November 2012. Retrieved 21 December 2014.
  11. ISBN 9781925022414
    .
  12. ISBN 9780190262952
    .

External links
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