Toothbrush moustache

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Charlie Chaplin (pictured in 1921 as the Tramp) thought the moustache gave him a comical appearance.

The toothbrush moustache is a

Nazi leader Adolf Hitler
made it unfashionable, leading to it being colloquially termed the 'Hitler moustache'.

After World War II, the toothbrush was worn by some notable individuals, including several

satirically in works of popular culture and political imagery, including motion pictures, comic books, and even 1970s-era rock and roll
; a number of variants also developed during the 20th century.

19th century–World War II

In the United States

The toothbrush originally became popular in the late 19th century, in the United States.[1] It was a neat, uniform, low-maintenance moustache that echoed the standardization and uniformity brought on by industrialization, in contrast to the more flamboyant styles typical of the 19th century such as the imperial, walrus, handlebar, horseshoe, and pencil moustaches.[1]

English comic actor

Jewish barber and a parody of Hitler.[11] This was Chaplin's final appearance with the moustache.[12]

Prominent American animation producer

bit-part player Brooks Benedict thickened his mid-mustache, evoking the toothbrush style (flanked by pencil-thin sides).[16] Although Groucho Marx wore a larger moustache, novelty Groucho glasses (sold c. 1940s)[17] often elicit the toothbrush. It has been occasionally claimed that American film producer Walt Disney donned a toothbrush,[18][19][20] but his nose-width moustache
lacked the characteristic steep sides.

Washington state governor Clarence D. Martin in the 1930s. The moustache appeared on some members of the German American Bund during a 1937 parade in New York City. A number of associates of American company Heinz were photographed wearing toothbrushes in 1940 (at a convention in Montreal, Quebec).[21] American real-estate developer Fred Trump, the father of U.S. president Donald Trump, sported a variant (exposing his lower philtrum) as early as 1940. Animation director Tex Avery applied a split variant to his spoof of Hitler in his 1942 film Blitz Wolf
.

In Germany

The toothbrush moustache was introduced to Germany in the late 19th century by visiting Americans.

Crown Prince Wilhelm can be seen with a toothbrush moustache in a 1918 photograph that shows him about to be sent into exile.[1] German serial killer Peter Kürten (1883–1931) eventually reduced it to only the philtrum.[25][26]

Adolf Hitler in the early 1920s; his appearance was so defined by his moustache that it became unfashionable by the end of World War II.

There are dubious claims that Adolf Hitler began wearing the toothbrush prior to the early 1920s (when it was first reliably documented).

Nazi propaganda.[29][30] As evidenced by photographs, Hitler wore the Kaiser moustache as a soldier during WWI.[31] Author Alexander Moritz Frey, who served as a medic in the same regiment as Hitler, claimed that the latter donned the toothbrush in the trenches after he was ordered to trim his moustache to facilitate the wearing of a gas mask;[1][32][33] although Frey's story is unproven, Hitler indeed had a blinding encounter with poison gas during WWI—causing his hospitalization at the war's very end.[34][d] Other sources claim Hitler wore it as early as 1919.[36][37]

Hitler is generally thought to have incorporated the toothbrush as a trademark of his appearance during the early meetings of the Nazi Party (formed in 1920).

anti-Semitic propaganda, though Chaplin was not Jewish.[9] According to Hitler's bodyguard Rochus Misch, Hitler "loved" Chaplin films, a number of which he watched at his teahouse near the Berghof (built c. 1936).[41] By the height of World War II, Hitler's toothbrush moustache was such a defining feature of his appearance that it was assumed he would be unrecognizable without it, and that he could use this logic to evade capture by the Allies.[42] In her posthumous memoir, Hitler's secretary Christa Schroeder (d. 1984) claimed that Hitler said in the mid-1920s that the moustache offset his purportedly oversized nose;[43] in fact, his nose was only visibly engorged during the final months of WWII in Europe.[44]

Politician Anton Drexler, a mentor of Hitler, wore a notched version of the toothbrush. Friedrich Kellner, a Social Democrat who campaigned against Hitler, also wore it. Many notable Nazis besides Hitler donned it, including Heinrich Himmler, Karl Holz, Ernst Röhm and Hitler's chauffeur Julius Schreck. Near the end of World War II in Europe, the Soviet Union produced footage of a supposed body double of Hitler wearing the style[45]—variously invoked in Soviet-bolstered claims that Hitler somehow escaped.[e] Some Nazis in Chile were photographed wearing the moustache around the end of World War II.[f]

Other places

The toothbrush was quite popular in the Soviet Union in the early 20th century. A Russian-born, Chaplin-influenced clown named Karandash ('the pencil') had a version of it. During World War II, Karandash entertained Soviet troops by mocking the Axis powers.[47][48] Amongst other Soviet military displays, Commander Pavel Dybenko paired the style with his beard and Major General Hazi Aslanov wore a variant covering only the philtrum.[49]

English writer George Orwell wore a toothbrush during the 1920s before adapting his more iconic pencil moustache.[50] The toothbrush is worn by the sidekick of English author Agatha Christie's fictional detective Hercule Poirot.[51] Spanish general Francisco Franco (the dictator of Spain from 1939 to 1975) wore it throughout the 1930s. In a 1936 political cartoon, New Zealand artist David Low portrayed Soviet leader Joseph Stalin forging a toothbrush (along with a regular haircut) to mirror Hitler.[52] On a 1941 poster, Russian artist Dmitry Moor depicted Hitler with a split toothbrush variant.[53]

Fred Trump wearing a split variant (exposing the philtrum) c. 1950

Post–World War II

By the end of World War II, toothbrush moustaches had all but fallen out of fashion due to its strong association with Hitler,

Communist activist Anastas Mikoyan upkept one as late as 1962. French railway worker Jean-Marie Loret (b. 1918) donned a toothbrush to publicize his claim (c. 1980) of being Hitler's son.[67][68]

After the war, German artist

Cosmo Spacely. It was worn by Spider-Man character J. Jonah Jameson, created by writer Stan Lee and artist Steve Ditko.[77] (Later in life, Lee trimmed his own moustache nearly down to toothbrush width to keep from tickling his wife.)[78]

The toothbrush appears (outside of France) on the cover of French composer

Gumbys, who shout stupid phrases and commonly clap bricks.[80] A version appears in 2014's Monty Python Live (Mostly), and in October 2019 (Python's 50th anniversary), a world record was attempted in London for the most people dressed as Gumbys.[81]

A number of

Beatles bandmate Ringo Starr and said he was watching Hitler perform (with the lead singer of T. Rex, to boot).[90][j][k] The cover of the 1974 debut album by American art-rock band the Residents features a graffitied version of Meet the Beatles!
with a toothbrush-moustachioed Lennon.

Zimbabwean president Robert Mugabe's philtrum-covering variant

Former Zimbabwean president Robert Mugabe wore a philtrum-only version from as early as 1976 to as late as 2016.

An antagonist wears a toothbrush in the 1977 Disney animated film

The Hitler Rap".[l][m] Between 1985 and 1989, the British children's television drama series Grange Hill featured an authoritarian teacher played by Michael Sheard (who also portrayed Hitler in several productions) wearing a toothbrush.[22]

In a 1992 home movie, Nirvana lead singer Kurt Cobain invoked a Hitler moustache (via fake eyelashes) while wearing a dress to mock a pejorative letter to the editor about his wife, Courtney Love. This was featured in the 2015 documentary Cobain: Montage of Heck and shared online to promote the film.[95][96][97]

dumbed-down future believes that Charlie Chaplin, not Hitler, led the Nazis. In 2009, English comedian Richard Herring wore the toothbrush for a weeklong stand-up show in a feeble attempt to "reclaim the toothbrush moustache for comedy [because] it was Chaplin's first, then Hitler ruined it."[99][22]

In May 2010, American basketball star Michael Jordan appeared in a Hanes commercial sporting a hybrid of the toothbrush and pencil moustache,[100] along with a soul patch. This prompted Jordan's friend Charles Barkley to say, "I don't know what the hell he was thinking and I don't know what Hanes was thinking. I mean it is just stupid. It is just bad, plain and simple."[101]

In 2014, a photograph of Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and German Chancellor Angela Merkel provoked online amusement due to the former's pointing finger casting a Hitleresque shadow onto the latter's face.[102] Late that same year, Southern All Stars frontman Keisuke Kuwata briefly donned a toothbrush moustache during a televised performance, prompting online speculation as to the reason.[103]

Into the 21st century, the moustache remained a poignant symbol of satire and protest, maligning people in power perceived to be acting like Hitler.[104][105][106] Some facial-hair-themed websites attempted to reclaim it as acceptable to wear again—especially variations diverging from the strictly rectangular version made famous by Hitler—emphasizing that some notable individuals have worn it.[18][107] Nevertheless, the toothbrush continued to be widely derided as eliciting the association with Hitler.[108][109][n][o] Even shadows cast down by the nose are generally considered to sully portraits.[114] One moustache website, acknowledging efforts to reclaim it, concludes:[83]

I'm pretty sure Hitler ruined it forever! Bastard!

Other notable wearers

Europe

Nazi Germany

Soviet Union and successor states

State of Israel

Other regions

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Toothbrush moustaches.

References

Notes

  1. ^ Chaplin said in 1933: "It all came about in an emergency. The cameraman said put on some funny make-up, and I hadn't the slightest idea what to do. I went to the dress department and decided I wanted everything to be a mass of contradictions. So I took a bowler hat, an abnormally tight jacket, an abnormally loose pair of trousers, and some dirty, raggedy shoes. This was who I wanted my character to be; raggedy but, at the same time, a gentleman. I didn't know how I was going to do the face, but it was going to be a sad, serious face. I wanted to hide that it was comic, so I took a little toothbrush mustache. ... It doesn't hide my expression, after all."[5]
  2. ^ a b Upon first seeing Hitler in newsreels, Chaplin assumed that his look alluded to the Tramp.[10]
  3. ^ Kelsey's guise was spoofed in the 1943 Tex Avery cartoon Who Killed Who?.
  4. History program The World Wars embellishes the gas-mask story by omitting the commanding officer; executive producer Stephen David claimed that Hitler actually "shaved the mustache while he was in the hospital".[35]
  5. ^ In an alleged sighting of his arrival in Argentina, Hitler was claimed to have shaved the toothbrush, with his unusually exposed philtrum lending his upper mouth area the appearance of bare buttocks.[46]
  6. ^ According to a purported 1954 photograph, the allegedly escaped Hitler ostensibly reclaimed his moustache in Colombia, northwestern South America.
  7. The Art of the Deal (1987),[59] but as U.S. president, insisted that his father was born in Germany.[60][61] During his last year in office, Trump reputedly once uttered while disparaging the German Chancellor, "I know the fucking krauts." Pointing to his father's (toothbrush-free) portrait,[62] he avowed, "I was raised by the biggest kraut of them all,"[63] invoking an ethnic slur for a German soldier of either world war.[64]
  8. ^ Mael maintained a toothbrush throughout most of the 1970s and 1980s.[87][88]
  9. Jewish friends would never call," referencing the association with Hitler. The band once had a booking to perform on a French television show cancelled due to Mael's moustache.[87] In later years, Mael wore a pencil-variant of the toothbrush.[88]
  10. ^ Before this occurrence, which took place during his so-called "lost weekend" with May Pang,[91] Lennon had demonstrated a fascination with Hitler,[92] e.g. requesting the dictator's inclusion on the cover of Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (1967).[93]
  11. ^ Intelligent Life editor Tim de Lisle gambols that "a whole generation ... saw Ron Mael's moustache, and ran out of the room, crying, 'Mum! Dad! Hitler's playing the piano on "Top of the Pops"!'"[89]
  12. ^ In Brooks's 1967 film The Producers, an actor (in an intentionally bad play) wears the moustache as the primary visual indicator that he is portraying Hitler.
  13. ^ A woman wears a toothbrush in one shot of the rap video, as an extension of her Nazi chic outfit.[94]
  14. January 6 U.S. Capitol attack had a toothbrush;[110] in 2021, tech company Amazon changed its app logo following complaints that part of the design—meant to look like tape on a box—resembled a Hitler moustache.[111] In 2022, professional wrestler Nash Carter was fired after a photo surfaced of him wearing a toothbrush and performing a Nazi salute.[112]
  15. ^ In an episode of the 2023 Scooby-Doo spin-off Velma, rain causes one of Fred's fake eyelashes to swim under his nose in a series of events making him resemble the Nazi dictator.[113]

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