Topa Inca Yupanqui

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Topa Inca Yupanqui
Quechua
Tupaq Inka Yupanki
SpanishTúpac Inca Yupanqui
DynastyHanan Qusqu
FatherPachacuti
MotherMama Anahuarque

Topa Inca Yupanqui or Túpac Inca Yupanqui (

Quechua: 'Tupaq Inka Yupanki'),[1] also Topa Inga Yupangui, translated as "noble Inca accountant," (before 1471 – 1493) was the tenth Sapa Inca (1471–93) of the Inca Empire, fifth of the Hanan dynasty. His father was Pachacuti, and his son was Huayna Capac.[2]: 93  Topa Inca belonged to the Qhapaq panaca (one of the clans of Inca nobles).[1] His qoya (principal wife) was his older sister, Mama Ocllo.[2]
: 88 

Biography

His father appointed him to head the

Inca army before his reign as emperor, granting him the title of Auqui, or crown prince, at a young age. Topa Inca launched multiple large-scale expeditions to the north during his period as Auqui, subduing regions such as Hatun Xauxa, the Bombon Plateau, and Huaylas. Cities and sites the army he commanded besieged and captured at this time include Curamba, Huaylla-Pucara, Canta, and, most importantly, Chan Chan
. He extended the realm along the Andes through modern Ecuador,[3]: 144  and developed a special fondness for the city of Quito, which he rebuilt with architects from Cusco. During this time his father Pachacuti reorganized the kingdom of Cusco into the Tawantinsuyu, the "four provinces." Topa Inca led extensive military conquests to extend the Inca empire across much of Southern America.[2]: 89–92 

He became Sapa Inca (sole ruler) in his turn upon his father's death in 1471, ruling until his own death in 1493. He conquered Chimor, which occupied the northern coast of what is now Peru, the largest remaining rival to the Incas.

Inca expansion under the reign of Tupac Yupanqui in yellow.

He conquered the province of

Saksaywaman, established by Pachacuti on the high plateau above Cusco, was constructed throughout Topa Inca Yupanqui's reign.[2]
: 98–105 

Topa Inca died about 1493 in Chincheros, leaving two legitimate sons, and 90 illegitimate sons and daughters. Chuqui Ocllo, one of the wives of Topa Yupanqui, convinced him that his son Capac Huari would succeed him, however, Topa Inca Yupanqoi changed his mind and decided on his son Titu Cusi Hualpa (who would later become emperor Huayna Capac). This provoked anger in Chuqui Ocllo and she poisoned Topa Inca. She and her favorite son were both killed soon after Topa Inca's death.[2]: 106–107 

The Pacific Expedition

Original account

Topa Inca Yupanqui is also credited with leading a roughly 10-month-long voyage of exploration into the

Pacific around 1470, under the reign of his father, reportedly visiting islands he called Nina Chumpi ("fire belt")[4] and Hawa Chumpi ("outer belt",[5][4] also spelled Avachumpi, Hahua chumpi). The voyage is mentioned in the History of the Incas by Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa, as well as in the works of Martin de Murúa and Miguel Cabello de Balboa.[6]
Pedro Sarmiento described the expedition as follows:

…there arrived at Tumbez some merchants who had come by sea from the west, navigating in balsas with sails. They gave information of the land whence they came, which consisted of some islands called Avachumbi and Ninachumbi, where there were many people and much gold. Topa Inca was a man of lofty and ambitious ideas, and was not satisfied with the regions he had already conquered. So he determined to challenge a happy fortune, and see if it would favour him by sea.…
The Inca, having this certainty, determined to go there. He caused an immense number of balsas to be constructed, in which he embarked more than 20,000 chosen men.…
Topac Inca navigated and sailed on until he discovered the islands of Avachumbi and Ninachumbi, and returned, bringing back with him slaves, gold, a chair of brass, and a skin and jaw bone of a horse. These trophies were preserved in the fortress of Cusco until the Spaniards came. The duration of this expedition undertaken by Topa Inca was nine months, others say a year, and, as he was so long absent, every one believed he was dead.[2]: 93–94 
"¿Viajarón los Incas por Oceanía?" Revista Enraizada. (In Spanish) 2020.

Analysis

Historians and anthropologists such as

hanau eepe came to the island from an unknown land.[10]
Some historians, however, are skeptical that the voyage ever took place.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b von Hagen, Victor W.; Murra, John V. "The origins and expansion of the Inca state". britannica.com. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved April 1, 2019.
  2. ^
  3. ^ a b Teofilo Laime Ajacopa (2007). Diccionario Bilingüe: Iskay simipi yuyayk’anch: Quechua – Castellano / Castellano – Quechua (PDF). La Paz, Bolivia: futatraw.ourproject.org.
  4. ^ "Diccionario: Quechua - Español - Quechua, Simi Taqe: Qheswa - Español - Qheswa" (PDF). Diccionario Quechua - Español - Quechua. Gobierno Regional del Cusco, Perú: Academía Mayor de la Lengua Quechua. 2005.
  5. ^ See online version of the book, page 91; in English.
  6. .
  7. ^ Espinoza, Waldemar (1997). Los Incas. Amaru Editores.
  8. ^ José Antonio del Busto Duthurburu, Túpac Yupanqui. Descubridor de Oceanía, 2006.
  9. ^ The "Hanau Eepe", their Immigration and Extermination, Rongorongo.

External links

Regnal titles
Preceded by Sapa Inca
1471 – 1493
Succeeded by