Torre del Greco

Coordinates: 40°47′N 14°22′E / 40.783°N 14.367°E / 40.783; 14.367
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Torre del Greco
Panorama of Torre del Greco
Panorama of Torre del Greco
Location of Torre del Greco
Map
Saint Januarius
Saint daySeptember 19
WebsiteOfficial website

Torre del Greco (Italian pronunciation: [ˈtorre del ˈɡrɛːko];[3] "Greek man's Tower") is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Naples in Italy, with a population of c. 85,000 as of 2016. The locals are sometimes called Corallini because of the once plentiful coral in the nearby sea, and because the city has been a major producer of coral jewellery and cameo brooches since the seventeenth century.

History

Ancient period

Satyr of Praxiteles (370–360 BC), Roman copy from the Villa Sora, Palermo museum
Plan of Villa Sora
Alkamenes

Tracing the history of Torre del Greco is difficult given the almost complete lack of historical documentary sources. Based on archaeological evidence, in

Vesuvius
buried the area under volcanic ash.

The nearby Roman Villa Sora[4] was a large and sumptuous residence overlooking the sea from its 150m-long frontage, dating from the 1st c. BC, whose excavated remains can be seen today.[5] It was built on multiple levels like the Villa of the Papyri and on the beach below are the remains of a Roman bath complex (Terme Ginnasi) and quays would have been on the shore.[6] It was embellished in the early imperial period and was being renovated in 79 AD probably after the 62 AD earthquake as shown by the piles of lime in some rooms, unfinished precious opus sectile floors made of imported marble and a famous graffito which recorded the cost of the work.

Many exquisite statues and frescos were found here firstly in the

Palermo. Its size and quality implies it belonged to an important figure, possibly of the Imperial family judging by the spectacular frescoes which during the excavations of 1989 the area inspector considered closer to the Neronian Domus Aurea than to Pompeian houses.[7]

It was rediscovered in 1974 by the GAV Archaeological Group. Further excavations in 1989–92 exposed the areas east and west of the apsidal hall, including service corridors, reception rooms, finely decorated bedrooms and the remains visible today. It was found that the top floor collapsed following the eruption while the bottom floor was buried by the ash. The middle floor can be visited today.

Post-Roman period

Later two villages are known to have been established in the area, Sora and Calastro. The Byzantine general Belisarius moved their inhabitants to Naples in 535. Around 700, it was also known as Turris Octava, the Latin for The Tower of Eight [sides] or The Eighth Tower, probably referring to a coastal watch tower. The current name appears for the first time in 1015; according to tradition, it stems from a Greek hermit who took up residence in the tower, or from the cultivation of a particular vine from Greece.

Middle ages

Torre del Greco was part of the royal estates of the Kingdom of Naples, until King Alfonso V of Aragon ceded it to the Carafa family.

In 1631 Torre del Greco was again damaged by an eruption of Vesuvius. Its citizens bought back their rights in 1699, after paying 106,000

ducats
to their landlord, the Marquis of Monforte, and thenceforth the city flourished as a maritime trading and fishing port. The tradition of coral crafting dates from this time.

The historical centre of Torre del Greco was buried under a 10-metre-deep (33-foot) layer of lava in 1794.

19th and early 20th century

At the time of the French rule of Joachim Murat, Torre del Greco, with 18,000 inhabitants, was the third largest mainland city in the Kingdom of Naples after Naples and Foggia.

Starting in the 16th century, wealthy families and even Italian nobility built elaborate summer palaces on the outskirts of the town. Among the most notable of these is the Palazzo Materazzo, renovated in the 1970s as a dance school, but later taken over by squatters after the 1980 Irpinia earthquake destroyed the homes of many of the poorer residents. In the 19th century, and continuing into the early 20th century, Torre del Greco was a popular summer resort for wealthy Italians.

In its heyday Torre del Greco was renowned for its cafés and eateries, particularly the "Gran Caffè Palumbo", a large Art Nouveau café with an extensive outdoor pavilion known for its gelato, pastries, food and coffee. The comedian Totò was among those who made Torre del Greco their annual summer retreat.[citation needed] The reason for Torre del Greco's popularity as a resort town was its fine beaches and the rural setting of lush farmlands and vineyards, as well as its close proximity to Vesuvius. As the town nearest to the volcano, Torre del Greco was the main starting point for tourists wishing to scale the mountain. This was facilitated by the Vesuvius Funicular, which took tourists to the crater from the town.

During World War II, the city was used as an ammunition depot by the German army, and consequently suffered heavy bombing by Allied forces.

Geography

Climate

Torre del Greco experiences a Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification Csa).

Climate data for Torre del Greco
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 12.5
(54.5)
13.2
(55.8)
15.2
(59.4)
18.2
(64.8)
22.6
(72.7)
26.2
(79.2)
29.3
(84.7)
29.5
(85.1)
26.3
(79.3)
21.8
(71.2)
17.0
(62.6)
13.6
(56.5)
20.4
(68.8)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 3.8
(38.8)
4.3
(39.7)
5.9
(42.6)
8.3
(46.9)
12.1
(53.8)
15.6
(60.1)
18.0
(64.4)
17.9
(64.2)
15.3
(59.5)
11.6
(52.9)
7.7
(45.9)
5.1
(41.2)
10.4
(50.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 100
(4.1)
99
(3.9)
86
(3.4)
76
(3.0)
51
(2.0)
33
(1.3)
25
(1.0)
41
(1.6)
81
(3.2)
130
(5.1)
160
(6.4)
120
(4.8)
1,010
(39.8)
Source: [8]

Economy

The city is the headquarters of Banca di Credito Popolare di Torre del Greco.

Main sights

  • Roman archaeological remains, including the so-called Villa Sora (1st century AD), probably a property of the
    Flavians
    .
  • The monastery of the
    Saint Francis of Assisi
    .
  • The parish church of Santa Croce, whose baroque belltower was buried by lava in 1794.
  • The 17th-century church of San Michele.
  • Villa delle Ginestre, where the poet Giacomo Leopardi sojourned.
  • The Museum of Coral.
Torre del Greco near Pompeii, Alexander Andreyevich Ivanov, 1846.

Cameos and coral jewellery

Diving for

King of Naples for a period of ten years.[citation needed
]

At present there are several hundred companies and several thousands of people employed in the manufacture of coral and shell cameos. Coral is now mainly imported from Asia, since areas in the Mediterranean are increasingly becoming protected. The total industry is estimated to have a turnover of around

US$225 million.[citation needed
]

Noted persons from Torre del Greco

Twin towns

Torre del Greco is

twinned
with:

References

  1. ^ "Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
  2. ^ "Popolazione Residente al 1° Gennaio 2018". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
  3. ^ Comune di Torre del Greco Demo Applicativi On Line
  4. ^ "Villa Sora".
  5. ^ "Torre del Greco - AD79eruption".
  6. ^ la villa romana di Sora a Torre del Greco nel 1857 http://www.vesuvioweb.com/it/wp-content/uploads/Aniello-Langella-La-villa-romana-di-Sora-a-Torre-del-Greco-nel-1857-vesuvioweb-2015.pdf
  7. ^ "Villa Sora". Archived from the original on 2017-08-06. Retrieved 2017-04-23.
  8. ^ "Torre del Greco historic weather averages in Italy". Intellicast. Retrieved 3 June 2009.
  9. ^ Ricerche su l'origine, su i progressi, e sul decadimento delle arti, 1821, by Giovanni Battista Gennaro Grossi, page 22.

External links