Tour of Britain
Stage race | |
Organiser | SweetSpot |
---|---|
Web site | www |
History | |
First edition | 1945 |
First winner | Robert Batot (FRA) |
Most recent | Wout van Aert (BEL) |
The Tour of Britain is a multi-stage cycling race, conducted on British roads, in which participants race across Great Britain to complete the race in the fastest time.
The event dates back to the first British stage races held just after the Second World War. Since then, various different events have been described as the Tour of Britain, including the Milk Race, the Kellogg's Tour of Britain and the PruTour.
The most recent version of the Tour of Britain began in 2004 as part of the
Tour of Britain (1945–1999)
Origins
The Tour of Britain has its origins in a dispute between cyclists during the Second World War. The British administrative body, the
A race organised from Llangollen to Wolverhampton on 7 June 1942, in defiance of the NCU, led to its organisers and riders being banned. They formed a new body, the British League of Racing Cyclists (BLRC), which wanted not only massed racing but a British version of the Tour de France.[3]
The first multi-day stage race in Britain was the Southern Grand Prix in Kent in August 1944.[4] It was won by Les Plume of Manchester. The first stage was won by Percy Stallard, the organiser of the Llangollen-Wolverhampton race in 1942.
The experience encouraged the BLRC to run a bigger race, the Victory Cycling Marathon, to celebrate the end of the war in 1945. It ran from Brighton to Glasgow in five stages and was won by Robert Batot of France, with Frenchmen taking six of the top 10 places, the mountains competition and best team.
Chas Messenger, a BLRC official and historian, said: "No one had ever put on a stage race in this country, other than the Southern Grand Prix, and even fewer people had even seen one. So raw were they that Jimmy Kain (the organiser) even wrote to the Auto-Cycle Union – the body for motorcycle racing – and the flags used by them were taken as a guide to what was needed.[4] Kain recalled the precarious budget: "£44 entry fees and £130 of my own money and £16 when I went round with the hat after the Bradford stage."[5]
The writer Roger St Pierre said:
- "It was reported that 20,000 watched the start but I've seen a picture which would indicate it was probably three or four times that number. What outsiders didn't see though was just what a ramshackle affair it all was, with riders finishing stages often miles longer than billed then having to find a bed for the night – with the poorer riders ending up spending the night huddled in barns, haylofts or even under the hedgerows."[6]
The BLRC was not recognised by the world governing body, the Union Cycliste Internationale and so it recruited its French riders from another rebel organisation, the communist Fédération Sportive et Gymnastique du Travail, using French café-owners in Soho, London, as their link.
Sponsors and politics
The Victory Cycling Marathon was run on what little money the BLRC could raise. Riders stayed in cheap boarding houses and officials used their own cars. In 1947, the News of the World gave £500 to the race, by then called Brighton-Glasgow. Within a year it pulled out again, concerned by the internal arguments that had bedevilled the BLRC from the start. The 1950 race was sponsored by Sporting Record, another newspaper, followed by the Daily Express in 1951.
The cycling official John Dennis said in 2002:
- "The most effective sponsor of the Tour of Britain (the Daily Express) was lost as a result of the constant bickering between rival officials and organisations. I was the press officer to the Express publicity director, Albert Asher, and saw it all happen. He was upset by the petty disagreements and decided to support the new Formula 1 motor-racing instead."[7]
Sponsorship was taken up by the makers of
The Milk Race
The Milk Marketing Board (MMB) was a sales monopoly for dairy farmers in England and Wales. A semi-professional cyclist from Derby, Dave Orford, asked the MMB to pay for "Drink more milk" to be embroidered on the jersey of every semi-professional, or independent, rider in the country. The MMB could then advertise that races had been won because of the properties of milk and the winner would receive a £10 bonus as a result.
Orford met the MMB's publicity officer, Reg Pugh, at the board's headquarters in Thames Ditton, west of London. Orford said: "At the end of the discussion he stated that the MMB would prefer to sponsor a major international marathon. So the Milk Race, the Tour of Britain, was born, starting in 1958 and lasting for 35 years, the longest cycle sponsorship in the UK ever."[8] A tie-in video game, Milk Race, was released in 1987.
The first two races were open to semi-professionals but from 1960 until 1984 it was open only to amateurs. From 1985 until 1993 it was open to both amateurs and professionals. The Milk Race ended in 1993 because the MMB was wound up with the passing of the UK's Agriculture Act 1993.
In May 2013 the Milk Race name was revived for an annual one-day criterium in Nottingham, with elite men's and women's races. The event is organised by Race Director Tony Doyle and sponsored by the Dairy Council and the Milk Marketing Forum.[9][10]
Kellogg's Tour and PruTour
The professional Kellogg's Tour of Britain ran for eight editions from 1987 to 1994. This tour, particularly in its early years, was characterised by very long hilly stages, a typical example being the Newcastle upon Tyne to Manchester stage via the Yorkshire Dales in the 1987 event. The Prudential plc-sponsored PruTour (1998–1999) ran twice. Concerns about safety during the races contributed to both events' demise through the withdrawal of sponsorship; in the case of the Kellogg's Tour this followed a member of the public driving head-on into the peloton in the Lake District,[11] and in the case of the PruTour a police motorcyclist being killed in a collision with a motorist near Worcester.[12]
Winners
Year | Race name | Rider status | Winner | Team/Country |
---|---|---|---|---|
1945 | Victory Marathon | amateur | Robert Batot | France |
1946 | Brighton-Glasgow | am-ind | Mike Peers | Manchester |
1947 | Brighton-Glasgow | am-ind | George Kessock | Paris Cycles |
1948 | Brighton-Glasgow | am-ind | Tom Saunders | Dayton Cycles |
1949 | Brighton-Glasgow | am-ind | Geoff Clark | ITP |
1950 | Brighton-Glasgow | am-ind | George Lander | Fréjus Cycles |
1951 | Butlin Tour[13] | amateur | Stan Blair | England |
1951 | Brighton-Glasgow | amateur | Ian Greenfield | Comet CC |
1951 | Tour of Britain | am-ind | Ian Steel | Viking Cycles |
1952 | Brighton-Glasgow | amateur | Bill Bellamy | Romford CC |
1952 | Tour of Britain | am-pro | Ken Russell | Ellis Briggs |
1953 | Brighton-Newcastle | amateur | Frank Edwards | Norfolk Olympic |
1953 | Tour of Britain | am-ind | Gordon Thomas | BSA |
1954 | Circuit of Britain | amateur | Viv Bailes | Teesside |
1954 | Tour of Britain | am-ind | Eugène Tambourlini | France |
1955 | Circuit of Britain | amateur | Des Robinson | Yorkshire |
1955 | Tour of Britain | am-ind | Tony Hewson | Sheffield |
1956 | Circuit of Britain | amateur | Dick McNeil | North-east |
1958 | Milk Race | am-ind | Richard Durlacher | Austria |
1959 | Milk Race | am-ind | Bill Bradley | England |
1960 | Milk Race | amateur | Bill Bradley | England |
1961 | Milk Race | amateur | Billy Holmes[14] | England |
1962 | Milk Race | amateur | Eugen Pokorny | Poland |
1963 | Milk Race | amateur | Pete Chisman | England |
1964 | Milk Race | amateur | Arthur Metcalfe | England |
1965 | Milk Race | amateur | Les West | Midlands |
1966 | Milk Race | amateur | Józef Gawliczek | Poland |
1967 | Milk Race | amateur | Les West | Britain |
1968 | Milk Race | amateur | Gösta Pettersson | Sweden |
1969 | Milk Race | amateur | Fedor den Hertog | Netherlands |
1970 | Milk Race | amateur | Jiří Mainuš | Czechoslovakia |
1971 | Milk Race | amateur | Fedor den Hertog | Netherlands |
1972 | Milk Race | amateur | Hennie Kuiper | Netherlands |
1973 | Milk Race | amateur | Piet van Katwijk | Netherlands |
1974 | Milk Race | amateur | Roy Schuiten | Netherlands |
1975 | Milk Race | amateur | Bernt Johansson | Sweden |
1976 | Milk Race | amateur | Bill Nickson
|
Britain |
1977 | Milk Race | amateur | Said Gusseinov | USSR
|
1978 | Milk Race | amateur | Jan Brzeźny | Poland |
1979 | Milk Race | amateur | Yuri Kashirin
|
USSR |
1980 | Milk Race | amateur | Ivan Mitchenko | USSR |
1981 | Milk Race | amateur | Sergei Krivosheev | USSR |
1982 | Milk Race | amateur | Yuri Kashirin | USSR |
1983 | Milk Race | amateur | Matt Eaton | USA |
1984 | Milk Race | amateur | Oleg Czougeda
|
USSR |
1985 | Milk Race | pro-am | Eric van Lancker
|
Fangio |
1986 | Milk Race | pro-am | Joey McLoughlin | ANC
|
1987 | Milk Race | pro-am | Malcolm Elliott | ANC |
1987 | Kellogg's Tour | pro | Joey McLoughlin | ANC |
1988 | Milk Race | pro-am | Vasily Zhdanov | USSR |
1988 | Kellogg's Tour | pro | Malcolm Elliott | Fagor |
1989 | Milk Race | pro-am | Brian Walton | 7-Eleven |
1989 | Kellogg's Tour | pro | Robert Millar
|
Z–Peugeot
|
1990 | Milk Race | pro-am | Shane Sutton | Banana |
1990 | Kellogg's Tour | pro | Michel Dernies | Weinnmann-SMM |
1991 | Milk Race | pro-am | Chris Walker | Banana |
1991 | Kellogg's Tour | pro | Phil Anderson | Motorola
|
1992 | Milk Race | pro-am | Conor Henry | Ireland |
1992 | Kellogg's Tour | pro | Max Sciandri | Motorola |
1993 | Milk Race | pro-am | Chris Lillywhite | Banana |
1993 | Kellogg's Tour | pro | Phil Anderson | Motorola |
1994 | Kellogg's Tour | pro | Maurizio Fondriest | Lampre |
1998 | PruTour | pro | Stuart O'Grady | Crédit Agricole |
1999 | PruTour | pro | Marc Wauters | Rabobank
|
Tour of Britain (from 2004)
After a five-year hiatus, the Tour of Britain returned in 2004. It began as a five-stage race before increasing to six days in 2005, seven in 2007 and eventually an eight-stage race in 2008. It is a professional men's race, typically attracting between 10 and 12 UCI WorldTeams, as well as a handful of UCI ProTeams, four British-registered UCI Continental Teams and a Great Britain national squad which often comprises riders from British Cycling's Senior Academy programme.
Winners
History
2004
The
Sponsored by the Regional Development Agencies, it attracted teams such as
The tour climaxed with a 45 miles (72 km)
2005
The 2005 race was run as a UCI 2.1 category in six stages starting in Glasgow on Tuesday 30 August and finishing in London on Sunday 4 September. British rider Roger Hammond took victory in Blackpool on stage two, becoming the first home rider to win a stage of the modern race. However, the overall title was won by Belgian rider Nick Nuyens, who is only one of two riders to have led the modern race from start to finish.
Future Tour de France champion Geraint Thomas and Mark Cavendish both made their first appearances in the race during the 2005 Tour; Thomas placed 42nd overall,[17] Cavendish (who finished third in Blackpool on stage two and sixth in Nottingham two days later) 84th.
2006
The
2007
The 2007 Tour of Britain was extended to seven days, with the extra day being used to run a stage in Somerset for the first time. Instead of finishing in London, the 2007 race started in London and finished in Glasgow, which used the event to boost its bid to host the 2014 Commonwealth Games. French rider Romain Feillu won overall by just 0.49 seconds over Spaniard (and stage four winner in Bradford) Adrián Palomares. His victory margin remains the smallest in modern race history. Mark Cavendish won the race's opening two stages (a 2.5 km prologue at Crystal Palace Park and in Southampton) as well as the points competition, while Yorkshire's Ben Swift won the mountains competition.
2008
The tour increased by yet another day for 2008, with eight stages scheduled, from Sunday 7 to Sunday 14 September. The race began in London and finished in Liverpool.[18] ITV4 broadcast the race for the first time, with each stage enjoyed hour-long highlight shows presented by Ned Boulting. As per compatriot Romain Feillu in 2007, overall champion Geoffroy Lequatre claimed the victory despite not winning a single stage of the Tour. Italian rider Alessandro Petacchi and future champion Edvald Boasson Hagen both won three stages apiece; Petacchi triumphed in London (stage one), Gateshead (six) and Liverpool (eight), while Boasson Hagen was first across the line in Stoke-on-Trent (stage four), Dalby Forest (five) and Drumlanrig Castle (seven).
2009
The sixth edition, the 2009 Tour of Britain, was also raced over eight days, Saturday 12 to Saturday 19 September. The race started in Scunthorpe and finished in London. Boasson Hagen was the dominant overall winner, claiming a record four-consecutive stage victories (in Peebles, Blackpool, Stoke-on-Trent and Bideford) en route to the title. In his first season as a pro, Katusha–Alpecin rider Ben Swift memorably took his maiden career victory ahead of team-mate Filippo Pozzato in Yeovil.
2010
The
2011
The
2012
The
2013
The tenth edition, the 2013 Tour of Britain, took place from Sunday 15 to Sunday 22 September[27] comprising eight stages. Wiggins won in what proved to be Team Sky's only general classification victory in the race,[28] beating IAM Cycling's Martin Elmiger by 26 seconds, having put 54 seconds into the Swiss rider during the stage three individual time trial around Knowsley, Merseyside.[29] The race notably featured its first hill-top finish, which took place upon Haytor, Devon, on stage six. Riding for the Great Britain national team, future Vuelta a España winner Simon Yates – then aged just 21 – took a famous victory.[30]
2014
The eleventh edition, the 2014 Tour of Britain, consisted of eight stages between Sunday 7 and Sunday 14 September. For the first time, it was categorised as a UCI 2.HC race and featured a title sponsor: Friends Life Group. It began in Liverpool and finished in London, with two stage finishes in Wales, three in the west of England, and two in the south-east. The race was won by Dylan van Baarle.[31] German sprinter Marcel Kittel won the stages in Liverpool and London just weeks after he triumphed in two of the three British stages that featured in the 2014 Tour de France; his London victory in the Tour of Britain came on Whitehall, whereas stage three of the 2014 Tour de France finished on The Mall, London. Another British victory looked likely when Essex's Alex Dowsett, riding for the Movistar Team (men's team), moved into the race lead after forming part of a three-man breakaway on stage six between Bath and Hemel Hempstead. However, he lost the lead after the following day's stage between Camberley and Brighton,[32] and went on to finish eighth overall.
2015
2016
The 2016 Tour of Britain, held between Sunday 4 and Sunday 11 September,[35] was won by home rider Steve Cummings,[36] who had previously finished second in 2008 and 2011. The race ran without a title sponsor for the first time since 2013 following the conclusion of a sponsorship agreement with Aviva in June of that year.[37]
Glasgow hosted the race's Grand Départ for the first time in 10 years; as per the 2006 Tour, Castle Douglas also welcomed the first finish of the race, won by André Greipel. Cummings formed the basis of his overall victory by placing second on Kendal's steep Beast Banks climb on stage two, before moving into the race lead after the individual time trial in Bristol on stage 7a (the 2016 race was the third and, at present, last edition to feature a split stage). Team Sky enjoyed a productive week, with Ian Stannard soloing to a memorable victory at Tatton Park and Wout Poels taking victory atop a wind-swept Haytor on stage six. Poels' success followed his win on Hartside Pass in the 2015 race's hill-top finish stage. The 2016 Tour also proved to be the last professional race of Bradley Wiggins' cycling career before he retired from the sport. He placed 105th overall, riding for the eponymous WIGGINS squad.[38]
2017
The 2017 Tour of Britain, which took place between Sunday 3 and Sunday 10 September, was won by Dutch rider Lars Boom. The LottoNL–Jumbo rider's victory saw him become the second rider to win the modern race overall for a second time following Edvald Boasson Hagen's wins in 2009 and 2015.
This edition of the race was sponsored by OVO Energy, the first of three editions that the Bristol-based energy supply company were the title partner of. In another move that emphasised the race's status on the international cycling calendar, ITV4 broadcast each stage live in full for the first time.[39]
2018
Julian Alaphilippe became the first Frenchman to win the Tour of Britain since 2008 when he triumphed in the 2018 edition. Held between Sunday 2 and Sunday 9 September, the 2018 Tour of Britain was watched by over 1.5 million roadside spectators and featured the likes of Chris Froome – his first participation in the event since 2009 – and that year's Tour de France champion Geraint Thomas. Fittingly for Thomas, the race started in Wales, with the other seven stages taking place in England.
Outlining the event's innovative nature, the race's first-ever team time trial stage took place on day five of the Tour. Starting in Cockermouth, the 14 km uphill stage finished at Whinlatter having climbed the western side of the fell. The following day's stage also finished atop Whinlatter, albeit after two ascents of its eastern side.[40]
2019
The
Together with compatriot Dylan Groenewegen, van der Poel won three stages of the race, including the Greater Manchester finale on day eight – one that started in Altrincham and visited all 10 boroughs of the metropolitan county before finishing along Deansgate. While the 2019 Tour was the first edition of the race since 2012 that did not visit London, Glasgow and Newcastle both featured along the route.
2020
Scheduled to take place between Sunday 6 and Sunday 13 September, the 2020 Tour of Britain was due to start with its first Cornwall Grand Départ.[42] Aberdeenshire and Aberdeen were to host the final stage,[43] marking the furthest point north the race would have visited. The race would have formed part of the UCI ProSeries, comprising the second tier of the men's elite road cycling events, launched by the sport's governing body for 2020. In May 2020, the 2020 edition was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The 2021 Tour of Britain followed the route scheduled for the 2020 edition.[44]