Tourism in Croatia

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Dubrovnik is one of Croatia's most popular tourist destinations.

Tourism in Croatia (Croatian: turizam u Hrvatskoj) is a major industry of country's economy, accounting for almost 20% of Croatia's gross domestic product (GDP) as of 2021.[1]

The history of tourism in Croatia dates back to its time as part of

Mediterranean, with a total of 11.2 million tourists visiting in 2021.[4]

Tourism in Croatia is concentrated in the areas along the

national parks, with an additional eleven as nature parks.[6] Currently, there are ten sites in Croatia on the UNESCO List of World Heritage Sites.[7]

History

Between 2012 (the year before Croatia joined the EU) and 2019, the number of annual tourist arrivals increased by 8 million.[8] Economists argue that Croatia's joining the EU made them a more desirable tourist location due to reinvestment in their economy, more open trade barriers, and lessened customs control.[9][10]

Only 15% of the coast, the main tourist attraction in Croatia, is urbanized, and plans are in progress to further develop Croatia's tourism sector.

UNWTO's Sustainable Tourism Observatories, part of the organization's International Network of Sustainable Tourism Observatories (INSTO). The observatory is considered a commitment to monitoring and building sustainable tourism.[12]

Tourist regions

The Croatian National Tourist Board has divided Croatia into six distinct tourist regions.

Istria

Euphrasian Basilica
Pula Arena

The west coast of the peninsula of Istria has several historical towns dating from Roman times, such as the city of Umag, which hosts the yearly Croatia Open ATP tennis tournament on clay courts.[13]

The city of

Baroque
style in the 18th century.

The region's largest city

cycle route that runs from Gdańsk on the Baltic Sea through Poland, Czechia, Austria, Slovenia
and Croatia.

Coastal view of Rovinj

The town of Rovinj contains well-indented coastal areas with a number of small bays hidden within dense vegetation, open to naturists. Although the beaches are not specified as naturist, naturists frequent them.[18]

The interior is green and wooded, with small stone towns on hills, such as

truffles (Tuber magnatum) that grow there. Since 1999, Motovun has hosted the international Motovun Film Festival for independent films from the U.S. and Europe.[19] Grožnjan, another hill town, hosts a three-week jazz
festival every July.

Kvarner and Highlands

The seaside town Opatija

One of the most varying regions, the entire Kvarner Gulf provides striking scenery, with tall mountains overlooking large islands in the sea. Opatija is the oldest tourist resort in Croatia, its tradition of tourism ranging from the 19th century.[20]

The former

air humidity is 70%, and the average summer temperature is 24 °C (75 °F) and 7 °C (45 °F) during the winter.[22]

The interior regions Gorski Kotar, Velebit and Lika have mountain peaks, forests and fields, many animal species including bears, and the national parks of Risnjak and Plitvice Lakes. The Plitvice Lakes National Park lies in the Plitvice plateau which is surrounded by three mountains part of the Dinaric Alps: Plješivica (Gornja Plješevica peak 1,640 m), Mala Kapela (Seliški Vrh peak at 1,280 m), and Medveđak (884 m).[23] The national Park is underlain by karstic rock, mainly dolomite and limestone with associated lakes and caves, this has given rise to the most distinctive feature of its lakes. The lakes are separated by natural dams of travertine, which is deposited by the action of moss, algae, and bacteria. The encrusted plants and bacteria accumulate on top of each other, forming travertine barriers which grow at the rate of about 1 cm per year. The sixteen lakes are separated into an upper and lower cluster formed by runoff from the mountains, descending from an altitude of 636 to 503 m (2,087 to 1,650 ft) over a distance of some eight km, aligned in a south–north direction.

The Plitvice Lakes National Park is the most popular park in Croatia.

The lakes collectively cover an area of about two square kilometers, with the water exiting from the lowest lake to form the

capercaillie
can be found there, along with many more common species. At least 126 species of birds have been recorded there, of which 70 have been recorded as breeding.

Dalmatia

Further information: Dalmatia

Zadar

Further information: Zadar County
Cathedral of St. Anastasia in Zadar

This region caters to yachting and leisure travel. The

Murter, on the island of Murter, and is connected to the mainland by a drawbridge
.

medieval town had developed with a series of churches and monasteries being built.[26]

Boating around the island of Pag
The Great Gorge of Paklenica (Velika Paklenica) is a popular rock climbing destination.

The interior has mixed plains and mountains, with the Paklenica canyon as the main attraction. Paklenica National Park is the most visited climbing site in Croatia, and the largest in Southeast Europe. The close proximity of seawater allows tourists to combine climbing, hiking and water sports. There are over 360 equipped and improved routes of various difficulty levels and lengths within Paklenica's climbing sites.[27] The main climbing season begins in spring and ends in late autumn. The park area contains 150–200 km of trails and paths intended either for tourists or mountaineers. The trails in the park are marked with boards and mountaineering signs.

The island of

discothèques and beach bars operating during summer months.[28]

Šibenik

The Cathedral of St James is renowned for its architecture.

This is another yachting region, dotted with islands, and centered on Šibenik and the Cathedral of St James, a UNESCO World Heritage site.[29] Several fortresses, remnants of the Renaissance era (which includes St. Nicholas Fortress) surround the city.

The interior has the

Serbian Orthodox Krka monastery
founded in 1345.

Waterfalls at Krka National Park

The area around the city of Knin has medieval fortresses and archeological remains. The recently discovered Roman town Burnum is 18 km far from Knin in direction of Kistanje, which has the ruins of the biggest amphitheatre in Dalmatia built in 77 AD, which held 8,000 people, during the rule of Vespasian.[32] The nearby villages Biskupija and Kapitul are archaeological sites from the 10th century where remains of medieval Croatian culture are found including churches, graves, decorations, and epigraphs.[33]

Split

The Cellars of Diocletian's Palace

The coastal city of Split is also the second largest city in Croatia, and is known for its unique Roman heritage which includes UNESCO-protected Diocletian's Palace.[34] The city was built around the well-preserved palace, which is one of the most complete architectural and cultural features on the Croatian Adriatic coast. The Split Cathedral stems from the palace.

The Makarska Riviera is a stretch of coastline that offers beaches, clubs, cafes, kayaking, sailing, and hiking along the Biokovo range. Makarska, Brela, Omiš, and Baška Voda are the most popular.

The historic old town of Trogir

The large islands of this region, include the

Mediterranean vegetation. The island promotes itself as "the sunniest spot in Europe", with over 2715 hours of sunlight in an average year.[35] Cultural and artistic events within the Hvar Summer Festival take place throughout the summer, from late June to late September. These events include classical music concerts performed by national and international artists, and performances by amateur groups from Hvar.[36] The Gallery of Modern Art in Hvar is located in the Arsenal building, in the lobby of the historic Theatre of Hvar. The permanent display contains paintings, sculptures, and prints from the collection, and temporary exhibitions are organised within the museum project Summer of Fine Arts in Hvar.[37]

The Cathedral of St. Stephen and the Bishop's Palace have a Renaissance-baroque style, and a façade with three-cornered gable and a Renaissance Bell Tower in Romanesque style from the 16th century, created by Venetian artists.[38]

Other notable islands in the region include Brač, Čiovo, Šolta, and Vis.

Mljet island
The most popular view of Dubrovnik's old town

The old city of Trogir is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and contains a mixture of influence from the Hellenistic period, Romans, and Venetians with its Greek architecture, Romanesque churches, Renaissance and Baroque buildings.[39] Trogir is the best-preserved Romanesque-Gothic complex in Central Europe. Trogir's medieval core, surrounded by walls, comprises a preserved castle and tower and a series of dwellings and palaces from the Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque periods. Trogir's grandest building is the Cathedral of St. Lawrence, whose main west portal is a masterpiece by Radovan, and the most significant work of the Romanesque-Gothic style in Croatia. Another notable attraction is the Kamerlengo Castle.

Dubrovnik

One of the best-known Croatian tourist sites is the fortified city of Dubrovnik with its Renaissance culture. The highlight is the Sponza Palace which dates from the 16th century and is currently used to house the National Archives.[40] The Rector's Palace is a Gothic-Renaissance structure that now houses a museum.[41][42] Its façade is depicted on the reverse of the Croatian 50 kuna banknote, issued in 1993 and 2002.[43]

The St. Saviour Church is another remnant of the Renaissance period, next to the Franciscan Monastery.[44][45][46] The Franciscan monastery's library possesses 30,000 volumes, 22 incunabula, 1,500 valuable handwritten documents. Exhibits include a 15th-century silver-gilt cross and silver thurible, an 18th-century crucifix from Jerusalem, a martyrology (1541) by Bernardin Gučetić and illuminated Psalters.[44] Dubrovnik's most famous church is St Blaise's Church, built in the 18th century in honor of Dubrovnik's patron saint. Dubrovnik's baroque Cathedral houses relics of Saint Blaise. The city's Dominican Monastery resembles a fortress on the outside but the interior contains an art museum and a Gothic-Romanesque church.[47][48] A treasure of the Dominican monastery is its library with over 220 incunabula, numerous illustrated manuscripts, a rich archive with manuscripts and documents and an extensive art collection.[49][50][51] The main feature of Dubrovnik is its walls that run 2 km around the city. The walls run from four to six metres thick on the landward side but are thinner on the seaward side. The system of turrets and towers were intended to protect the city.[52]

An excursion along the coast south of Dubrovnik to the area of Ljuta offers daytime cruise excursions with scenic views including water streams, historic water mills and the mountain range east of the coastal plateau.

Just off the coast of Dubrovnik is the forested island of Lokrum. The small island has a castle, a thousand-year-old Benedictine monastery, and a botanical garden initially started by Maximilian I of Mexico in the 19th century. Peacocks and peahens still roam the isle, descended from the original peafowls brought over by Maximilian.

Overview of Korčula

The nearby islands include the historical island of Korčula. The Catholic inhabitants of Korčula keep alive old folk church ceremonies and a weapon dance, the Moreška, which dates back to the Middle Ages.[53] Originally danced only on special occasions, in modern times there are performances twice a week for tourists.[54] The main town's historic sites include the central Romanesque-Gothic Cathedral of St Mark (built from 1301 to 1806), the 15th-century Franciscan monastery with Venetian Gothic cloister, the civic council chambers, the palace of the former Venetian governors, grand 15th and 16th-century palaces of the local merchant nobles, and the city fortifications.

Further along the Adriatic are the forests of

ridges, crests and slopes. A few depressions on the island of Mljet are below sea level and are known as blatine ("mud-lakes") or slatine ("salt-lakes"). During the rain seasons, all blatine are filled with water and turn to brackish during dry seasons
.

Central and Northern Croatia

Trakošćan
castle in northwestern Croatia

The northern part, with the hilly area of

Hunting
also attracts numerous hunters in low game and birds.

In Čakovec Castle, are the Međimurje County Museum and an art gallery. In the chapel of Sveta Jelena in Šenkovec, and in the Church of St Jerome in Štrigova, there are Baroque frescoes of Ivan Ranger dating between 1776 and 1786. Prelog is home to the beautiful Church of St James, built in 1761.

Zrinski Castle in Čakovec, Međimurje County, the northernmost part of Croatia

Varaždin, with its monuments and artistic heritage, represents the best preserved and richest urban complex in

Jesuit church, was built in 1647, has a baroque entrance, 18th-century altar, and paintings.[55] Among festivals, the annual Špancir Fest begins at the end of August (lasts for 10 days).[56] At this time the city welcomes artists, street performers, musicians and vendors for what is called 'the street walking festival'. Varaždin is also the host of the "Radar festival", which hosts concerts at the end of summer.[57] It has already hosted musical stars such as Bob Dylan, Carlos Santana,[58] the Animals, Manic Street Preachers, Solomon Burke
among others.

Altar of the Marija Bistrica basilica

The

Way of the Cross", in which pilgrims begin the trek that leads to Calvary Hill. Pope John Paul II visited the site in 1998 in his second tour of Croatia.[59]

Central Croatia has some natural highlights, such as the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park. The southwest area is known for its forests and wilderness. Baroque churches are found throughout the area, along with other cultural architecture.

Slavonia

Further information: Slavonia

Tourism in this region is just developing, mostly with spas. The area of

crows, Eurasian coot, gulls, terns, common kingfisher, and European green woodpecker. Guided tourist visits by panoramic ships, boats, team of horses or on foot are available, with some packages offering the possibility of photographing or video-recording animals and birds.[60]

Slavonian kulen served on a platter

The cultural center is the historical city of

neo-Gothic structure with the second highest tower in Croatia after the Zagreb Cathedral
.

The Cathedral of St. Peter and Paul in Đakovo is the town of Đakovo's primary landmark and sacral object throughout the region of Slavonia.

There are three major yearly events celebrating folklore in Slavonia and Baranja: Đakovački vezovi, Vinkovačke jeseni and Brodsko kolo.[61] They present traditional folk costumes, folklore dancing and singing groups, customs, with a parade of horses and wedding wagons. During the Đakovački vezovi, the Đakovo Cathedral hosts choirs, opera artists, and art exhibitions are organized in the exhibition salon, and during the sports program, pure-bred white Lipizzan horses can be seen on the racecourse. Ilok and the war-torn city of Vukovar are also points of interest in the area.

Zagreb

View of the Croatian National Theatre in Zagreb

Like Prague or Budapest, Zagreb has a Central European feel to it, with a large and well-preserved old town on the hill and a 19th-century city center. The Croatian capital is also the country's largest cultural center, with many museums and galleries.

The historical part of the city to the north of Ban Jelačić Square is composed of the Gornji Grad and Kaptol, a medieval urban complex of churches, palaces, museums, galleries and government buildings that are popular with tourists on sightseeing tours. The historic district can be reached on foot, starting from Jelačić Square, the center of Zagreb, or by a funicular on nearby Tomićeva Street.

Around thirty collections in museums and galleries comprise more than 3.6 million various exhibits, excluding church and private collections. The

Liber Linteus Zagrabiensis), as well as the numismatic collection. The Croatian Natural History Museum holds one of the world's most important collection of Neanderthal remains found at one site.[63] These are the remains, stone weapons and tools of prehistoric "Krapina man
". The holdings of the Croatian Natural History Museum comprise more than 250,000 specimens distributed among various different collections.

View of the city centre

There are about 20 permanent or seasonal theaters and stages. The

Jarun Lake
near the southwestern part of the city.

Primary attractions

North Croatia

Trakošćan Castle
  • Trakošćan Castle is a castle built in the 13th century atop a hill in Trakošćan. Also known for exhibiting historic furniture, weapons, and paintings.[64]

Central Croatia

Plitvice Lakes National Park

South Croatia

Secondary attractions

North Croatia

Central Croatia

Pula Arena

South Croatia

Blue Grotto

UNESCO World Heritage Sites

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) has included the following Croatian sites on its World Heritage List:

Site Image Location UNESCO data Description Shared with Ref(s)
Plitvice Lakes National Park Plitvička Jezera 98; 1979; vii, viii, ix (natural) Over time, water has flown over the natural limestone and chalk, creating natural dams which in turn have created a series of connecting lakes, waterfalls and caves. The nearby forests are home to bears, wolves and many rare bird species. — [88]
Historical Complex of
Split with the Palace of Diocletian
 Split 97; 1979; ii, iii, iv (cultural) The palace was built by the Roman emperor Diocletian at the turn of the fourth century AD, and later served as the basis of the city of Split. A cathedral was built in the Middle Ages inside the ancient mausoleum, along with churches, fortifications, Gothic and Renaissance palaces. The Baroque style makes up the rest of the area. — [89]
Old City of Dubrovnik Dubrovnik 95; 1979; i, iii, iv (cultural) Dubrovnik became a prosperous maritime republic during the Middle Ages, it became the only eastern Adriatic city-state to rival Venice. Supported by its wealth and skilled diplomacy, the city achieved a remarkable level of development, particularly during the 15th and 16th centuries. — [90]
Episcopal Complex of the Euphrasian Basilica in the Historic Centre of Poreč Poreč 809; 1997; ii, iv (cultural) The episcopal complex, with mosaics from the 6th century, is one of the best examples of early
Mediterranean region
and the world. It includes the basilica itself, a sacristy, a baptistery and the bell tower of the nearby archbishop's palace. 		— [91]
Historic city of Trogir Trogir 810; 1997; ii, iv (cultural) Trogir's rich culture was created under the influence of
Baroque periods
. 		— [92]
Cathedral of Saint James Šibenik 963; 2000; i, ii, iv (cultural) The cathedral is a triple-nave basilica with three apses and a dome (32 m high inside) and is also one of the most important Renaissance architectural monuments in the eastern Adriatic. — [93]
Stari Grad Plain Hvar 1240; 2008; ii, iii, v (cultural The Stari Grad Plain is an agricultural landscape that was set up by the ancient Greek colonists in the 4th century BC, and remains in use today. The plain is generally still in its original form. The ancient layout has been preserved by maintenance of the stone walls over 24 centuries. — [94]
Stećci Medieval Tombstones Graveyards
 Dubravka, Cista Velika 1504; 2016; iii, vi (cultural) Stećak or the medieval tombstones are the monolith stone monuments found in the regions of the present Bosnia and Herzegovina, parts of Croatia, Serbia and Montenegro. The elementary tombstone groups are the laid and the upright stone monoliths. Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Serbia [95]
The Venetian Works of defence between 15th and 17th centuries
 Zadar, Šibenik 1533; 2017; iii, iv (cultural) This property consists of 15 components of defence works in Italy, Croatia and Montenegro, spanning more than 1,000 kilometres between the Lombard region of Italy and the eastern Adriatic Coast. The introduction of gunpowder led to significant shifts in military techniques and architecture. Italy, Montenegro [96]
Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe
 Paklenica, Northern Velebit National Park 1133; 2017; ix (natural) This transboundary extension of the World Heritage site of the Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and the Ancient Beech Forests of Germany (Germany, Slovakia, Ukraine) stretches over 12 countries. This expansion is related to the tree's flexibility and tolerance of different climatic, geographical and physical conditions. Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Germany, Italy, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Ukraine [97]

Overtourism in Dubrovnik

Overtourism is a substantial issue in Dubrovnik Old Town.

The city is reported to be the most touristed in Europe[98] – more so than Venice and Barcelona - receiving 36 overnight tourists per resident per year. In 2019, the city welcomed almost 1.5 million overnight tourists against a population of just 41,000 people. Excessive visitors damage infrastructure and heritage sites, cause traffic jams and pollution, price out residents, and change neighborhood dynamics.[99]

There are several reasons for its popularity. The success of HBO series Game of Thrones, for which Dubrovnik was a major filming location, has attracted around 60,000 people to the city per year according to the Zagreb Institute of Economics.[100] The city is also a popular stop on European cruise itineraries – in 2017, the city received 742,000 cruise tourists from 538 ships[101] – and the rise during the 2010s of European low-cost flights and affordable Airbnb listings.

In response to overcrowding concerns, in 2016, UNESCO threatened to remove Dubrovnik Old Town’s World Heritage status unless it started to curb tourism numbers.[102]

In 2018 in an attempt to solve the overtourism problem, the city introduced staggered arrivals for cruise ships -- allowing only two to be in dock at one time - and limiting cruise arrivals into the historic core of the city to 4,000 per day, half the number recommended by UNESCO.[103] Other measures to limit overcrowding introduced in 2018 included cutting 80% of souvenir stands and reducing outdoor seating at restaurants by 20%.[104]

Tourism statistics

Year Total tourist arrivals[105] Total tourist nights[105] Change in tourist nights Notes
1985 10,125,000 67,665,000 Steady
1986 10,151,000 68,216,000 Increase 551,000
1987 10,487,000 68,160,000 Decrease 58,000
1988 10,354,000 67,298,000 Decrease 862,000
1989 9,670,000 61,849,000 Decrease 5,449,000
1990 8,497,000 52,523,000 Decrease 9,326,000 First democratic elections
Early Log Revolution-related incidents
1991 2,297,000 10,471,000 Decrease 42,052,000 Croatian War of Independence begins
Siege of Dubrovnik
1992 2,135,000 11,005,000 Increase 534,000
1993 2,514,000 13,208,000 Increase 2,203,000
1994 3,655,000 20,377,000 Increase 7,169,000
1995 2,610,000 13,151,000 Decrease 7,226,000 End of Croatian War of Independence
1996 4,186,000 21,860,000 Increase 8,709,000
1997 5,585,000 30,775,000 Increase 8,915,000
1998 5,852,000 31,852,000 Increase 1,077,000
1999 5,127,000 27,126,000 Decrease 4,726,000 NATO bombing of neighbouring FR Yugoslavia
2000 7,137,000 39,183,000 Increase 12,057,000
2001 7,860,000 43,404,000 Increase 4,221,000
2002 8,320,000 44,692,000 Increase 1,288,000
2003 8,878,000 46,635,000 Increase 1,943,000
2004 9,412,000 47,797,000 Increase 1,162,000
2005 9,995,000 51,421,000 Increase 3,624,000
2006 10,385,000 53,007,000 Increase 1,586,000
2007 11,162,000 56,005,000 Increase 2,998,000
2008 11,261,000 57,103,000 Increase 1,098,000
2009 10,935,000 56,301,000 Decrease 802,000
Global financial crisis
2010 10,604,116 56,416,379 Increase 115,379
2011[106] 11,455,677 60,354,275 Increase 3,937,896
2012[106] 11,835,160 62,743,463 Increase 2,389,188
2013[107] 12,433,727 64,818,115 Increase 2,074,652
2014[107] 13,128,416 66,483,948 Increase 1,665,833
2015[108] 14,343,323 71,605,315 Increase 5,121,367
2016[109] 20,120,300 78,049,852 Increase 6,444,537
2017[110] 17,430,580 86,200,261 Increase 8,150,409
2018[111] 18,666,580 89,651,789 Increase 3,451,528
2019[112] 23,566,146 91,242,931 Increase 1,591,142
2020[113] 7,800,000 54,400,000 Decrease 36,842,931 COVID-19 pandemic
2021[4] 11,200,000 84,100,000 Increase 29,700,000
2022[114] 18,900,000 104,800,000 Increase 20,700,000
2023[115] 20,600,000 108,000,000 Increase 3,200,000

Arrivals by country

Most visitors arriving to Croatia on short-term basis were from the following countries of nationality:

Rank Country 2019[112] 2018[111] 2017[110]
1  Germany 2,881,284 2,783,513 2,617,378
2  Slovenia 1,426,246 1,364,252 1,298,501
3  Austria 1,385,004 1,369,709 1,237,969
4  Italy 1,175,069 1,148,078 1,119,932
5  Poland 932,678 929,184 757,523
6  United Kingdom 859,189 821,114 596,444
7  Czech Republic 742,248 755,104 688,953
8  France 629,231 583,130 494,698
9  United States 626,035 558,751 337,464
10  Hungary 617,391 598,975 486,448
11  Netherlands 484,317 486,349 389,510
12  Slovakia 439,538 430,882 389,806
13  Bosnia and Herzegovina 433,467 395,469 333,039
14  South Korea 403,613 408,110 377,779
15  Spain 308,704 285,501 222,523
16  Sweden 289,699 297,081 256,612
17  China 279,118 233,630 159,301
18   Switzerland 268,206 264,865 235,037
19  Australia 217,190 217,341 149,829
20  Belgium 211,155 210,193 182,556
Total 17,353,488 16,644,871 15,592,899

Acknowledgements

  • National Geographic Magazine
    • Destination of the year: 2006[118]
  • Wanderlust Reader Travel Awards
    • Most desirable country - Europe: 2023.
  • Travel Leaders
    • Most popular European destination: 2012[119]
  • Travel News Market
    • Best destination for seven-day trips: 2024[120]
  • teflSearch
    • Most popular tourist destination: 2015, 2016[121]

See also

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External links

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Croatia.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tourism_in_Croatia&oldid=1217570589"