Tove Jansson
Tove Jansson | |
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Pro Finlandia 1976 | |
Partner | Tuulikki Pietilä |
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Tove Marika Jansson (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈtuːve ˈjɑːnsːon] ⓘ; 9 August 1914 – 27 June 2001) was a Swedish-speaking Finnish author, novelist, painter, illustrator and comic strip author. Brought up by artistic parents, Jansson studied art from 1930 to 1938 in Helsinki, Stockholm, and Paris. She held her first solo art exhibition in 1943. Over the same period, she penned short stories and articles for publication, and subsequently drew illustrations for book covers, advertisements, and postcards. She continued her work as an artist and writer for the rest of her life.
Jansson wrote the
She held a solo exhibition of paintings in 1955, and five more between 1960 and 1970. She carried out several commissions for murals in public buildings around Finland between 1945 and 1984. She created the illustrations both for her own books and for classics including Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and The Hobbit.
Starting with the semi-autobiographical Bildhuggarens dotter (Sculptor's Daughter) in 1968, Jansson wrote six novels, including the admired[1] Sommarboken (The Summer Book), and five short story collections for adults.
Early life
Tove Jansson was born in Helsinki, in the Grand Duchy of Finland, an autonomous state ruled by the Russian Empire at the time. Her family, part of the Swedish-speaking minority of Finland, was an artistic one: her father, Viktor Jansson, was a sculptor, and her mother, Signe Hammarsten-Jansson, was a Swedish-born graphic designer and illustrator. Tove's siblings also became artists: Per Olov Jansson became a photographer and Lars Jansson an author and cartoonist. Whilst their home was in Helsinki, the family spent many of their summers in a rented cottage on one of the islands of Pellinki near Porvoo, 50 km (31 miles) east of Helsinki;[2] The Söderskär Lighthouse island off Porvoo in the Gulf of Finland may have helped to inspire her later books, such as Moominpappa at Sea.[3]
Jansson went to Finland's first co-educational school,
At age 14, Jansson wrote and illustrated her first picture book Sara och Pelle och
In the 1930s Jansson made several trips to other European countries. She drew from these for her short stories and articles, which she also illustrated, and which were also published in magazines, periodicals and daily papers. During this period, Jansson also designed many book covers, adverts and postcards. Following her mother's example, she drew illustrations for
Work
Moomins
Jansson is principally known as the author of the Moomin books. Jansson created the
The style of the Moomin books changed as time went by. The first books, written starting just after the Second World War, up to
Moominland Midwinter marks a turning point in the series. Jansson described it as a book about “what it is like when things get difficult”: the story focuses on Moomintroll, who wakes up in the middle of the winter (Moomins hibernate from November to April), and has to cope with the strange and unfriendly world he finds.[12][13] The short story collection Tales from Moominvalley (1962) and the novels Moominpappa at Sea (1965) and Moominvalley in November (1970) are serious and psychologically searching books, far removed from the light-heartedness and cheerful humor of Finn Family Moomintroll.[13] Moominvalley in November, in which the Moomin family themselves never appear, is especially sombre in tone, possibly in consequence of the death of Jansson's mother during the year that it was written. Because of this, it has been described as being a "textbook on letting go, being a mature orphan, existing spiritually alone".[2] Following this book, Jansson stated that she "couldn't go back and find that happy Moominvalley again" and so decided to stop writing the Moomin books.[14]
In addition to the Moomin novels and short stories, Tove Jansson wrote and illustrated four picture books:
Critics have interpreted various Moomin characters as being inspired by real people, especially members of the author's family and close friends, and Jansson spoke in interviews about the backgrounds of, and possible models for, her characters.[2] The personality of Tuulikki Pietilä, Jansson's partner, inspired the character Too-Ticky in Moominland Midwinter,[5][2] while Moomintroll and Little My have been seen as psychological self-portraits of the artist.[5][2] The Moomins relate strongly to Jansson's own family – they were bohemian and lived close to nature. Jansson remained close to her mother until her mother's death in 1970; even after Tove had become an adult, the two often traveled together, and during her final years Signe lived with Tove part-time.[2] Moominpappa and Moominmamma are often seen as portraits of Jansson's parents.[5][2]
Other writing
Jansson's first foray outside children's literature was Bildhuggarens dotter (Sculptor's Daughter), a semi-autobiographical novel published in 1968. She went on to write five more novels for adults, including Sommarboken (The Summer Book) and five collections of short stories. The Summer Book is the best known of her adult fiction; it describes the summer stay on an island of a young girl and her grandmother. The girl is modelled on her niece, Sophia Jansson; the girl's father on Sophia's father, Lars Jansson; and the grandmother on Tove's mother Signe.[1]
Wartime satire in Garm magazine
Tove Jansson worked as an illustrator and cartoonist for the Swedish-language
Comic strip artist
Her earliest comic strips were created for productions including Lunkentus (Prickinas och Fabians äventyr, 1929), Vårbrodd (Fotbollen som Flög till Himlen', 1930), and Allas Krönika (Palle och Göran gå till sjöss, 1933).[22]
The figure of the Moomintroll appeared first in Jansson's political cartoons, where it was used as a signature character near the artist's name. This "Proto-Moomin", then called Snork or Niisku,[2] was thin and ugly, with a long, narrow nose and devilish tail. Jansson said that she had designed the Moomins in her youth: after she lost a philosophical quarrel about Immanuel Kant with one of her brothers, she drew "the ugliest creature imaginable" on the wall of their outhouse and wrote under it "Kant". This Moomin later gained weight and a more pleasant appearance, but in the first Moomin book The Moomins and the Great Flood (originally Småtrollen och den stora översvämningen), the Immanuel-Kant-Moomin is still perceptible. The name Moomin comes from Tove Jansson's uncle, Einar Hammarsten: when she was studying in Stockholm and living with her Swedish relatives, her uncle tried to stop her pilfering food by telling her that a "Moomintroll" lived in the kitchen closet and breathed cold air down people's necks.[2]
In 1952, after Comet in Moominland and Finn Family Moomintroll had been translated into English, a British newspaper man, Charles Sutton, asked if Tove Jansson would be interested in drawing comic strips about the Moomins.
Painter and illustrator
Paintings
Although she became known first and foremost as an author, Tove Jansson considered her careers as author and painter to be of equal importance. She painted throughout her life. She exhibited during the 1930s and early 1940s, holding her first solo exhibition in 1943. Despite generally positive reviews, criticism induced Jansson to refine her style; her 1955 solo exhibition was simpler in detail and content. Between 1960 and 1970 she held five more solo exhibitions.[2] The National Biography of Finland describes Jansson as going "against the conventional image of an artist with her unusually even balance between visual art and writing."[2]
Murals
Throughout her career, Jansson created a series of commissioned murals and public works which may still be viewed in their original locations, including:
- The canteen at the Strömberg factory at Pitäjänmäki, Helsinki (1945)[2]
- The Aurora Children's Hospital in Helsinki[5]
- The Seurahuone hotel at Hamina[2]
- The Wise and Foolish Virgins altarpiece in Teuva Church (1954)[2]
- Fairy-tale murals in schools, including the kindergarten in Pori (1984)[2]
Illustrations
As well as illustrating her own books, Jansson illustrated Swedish translations of classics such as Lewis Carroll's The Hunting of the Snark and Alice's Adventures in Wonderland.[26]
She created a set of illustrations for the 1962 Swedish edition of J. R. R. Tolkien's 1937 children's book The Hobbit.[26] The scholar of literature Björn Sundmark states that Jansson's work helped to define how Tolkien's Middle-earth fantasy could be depicted visually.[24] The edition with her illustrations was not reprinted for many years,[c] even though reviewers and "Tolkienists" liked Jansson's "expressive"[25] images. Sundmark suggests that the reason was that in the 1960s, a new, more realistic style became the norm for fantasy art.[25]
Adaptations
Several stage productions have been made from Jansson's Moomin series, including a number that Jansson herself was involved in. The earliest production was a 1949 theatrical version of Comet in Moominland performed at
In 1974 the first Moomin opera was produced, with music composed by Ilkka Kuusisto.[5] The Moomintrolls have been adapted to media including television animations[2] such as the 1990 Moomin series,[27] and feature films.[28]
Personal life
Jansson had several male lovers, including the political philosopher Atos Wirtanen, and briefly became engaged to him.[2] He was the inspiration for the Moomin character Snufkin.[29] However, she eventually "went over to the spook side" as she put it—a coded expression for homosexuality[30][31][32]—and developed a secret love affair with the married theater director Vivica Bandler.[29]
In 1956 Jansson met her lifelong partner, Tuulikki Pietilä, known as "Tooti". In Helsinki they lived apart but nearby, so they could meet unnoticed, but this did not resolve the problem that Jansson's mother often came to stay.[33][34][d] They found a partial solution by building a house on a small island in the Gulf of Finland, and staying there for the summer.[33] Jansson's and Pietilä's travels and summers spent together on the Klovharu island in Pellinki have been captured on several hours of film, shot by Pietilä. Several documentaries have been made of this footage, the latest being Haru, yksinäinen saari (Haru, the lonely island) (1998)[35] and Tove ja Tooti Euroopassa (Tove and Tooti in Europe) (2004).[36] The character Too-ticky, described by Sue Prideaux as "a wild-haired artistic troll in a Breton sweater and a beret",[23] was inspired by Pietilä.[23]
Jansson died on 27 June 2001 at the age of 86.[23] She is buried at the Hietaniemi Cemetery in Helsinki.[37]
Cultural legacy
Documentaries and exhibitions of her work
In 1968, Swedish public TV, SVT, made a documentary about Tove called Moomins and the Sea (39 min.).[39] Jansson's books, originally written in Swedish, have been translated into 45 languages.[40] The Moomin Museum in Tampere displays much of Jansson's work on the Moomins.[41] There is a Moomin theme park named Moomin World in Naantali. In 2012, the BBC broadcast a one-hour documentary on Jansson, Moominland Tales: The Life of Tove Jansson.[42] A Moominvalley Park opened at Hannō, Japan in 2019.[43]
In March 2014, the Ateneum Art Museum opened a major centenary exhibition showcasing Jansson's works as an artist, an illustrator, a political caricaturist and the creator of the Moomins. The exhibition drew nearly 300,000 visitors in six months.[44] After Helsinki the exhibition embarked on a tour in Japan to visit five Japanese museums.[45][46]
In January 2016, a permanent Tove Jansson exhibition of murals, an oil painting, photographs and sketches opened at the Helsinki Art Museum. The two murals, Party in the Countryside and Party in the City were created for Helsinki City Hall's Kaupunginkellari restaurant.[47] From October 2017 to January 2018, the Dulwich Picture Gallery held an exhibition of Jansson's paintings, illustrations, and cartoons.[48] This was the first major retrospective exhibition of her work in the United Kingdom.[38]
A biopic, titled Tove, directed by Zaida Bergroth was released in October 2020.[49]
Commemorations
Jansson was selected as the main motif in the 2004 minting of a Finnish commemorative coin, the €10
With a new animated series, Moominvalley[56] broadcast in 2019, Rhianna Pratchett wrote an article about the impact Jansson had had on her father, the science fiction author Terry Pratchett; he called Jansson one of the greatest children's writers ever, and credited her writing as one of the reasons he became an author.[57]
Bibliography
The Moomin books
Novels
- Småtrollen och den stora översvämningen (1945, The Moomins and the Great Flood)
- Kometjakten (1946, Comet in Moominland)
- Kometen kommer (1968; reworked edition of Comet in Moominland)
- Trollkarlens hatt (1948, Finn Family Moomintroll; in some editions The Happy Moomins)
- Muminpappans bravader (1950, The Exploits of Moominpappa)
- Muminpappans memoarer (1968, The Memoirs of Moominpappa; reworked edition of The Exploits of Moominpappa)
- Farlig midsommar (1954, Moominsummer Madness)
- Trollvinter (1957, Moominland Midwinter)
- Pappan och havet (1965, Moominpappa at Sea)
- Sent i november (1970, Moominvalley in November)
Short story collections
- Det osynliga barnet och andra berättelser (1962, Tales from Moominvalley)
Picture books
- Hur gick det sen? (1952, The Book about Moomin, Mymble and Little My)
- Vem ska trösta Knyttet? (1960, Who Will Comfort Toffle?)
- Den farliga resan (1977, The Dangerous Journey)
- Skurken i Muminhuset (1980, Villain in the Moominhouse)
- Visor från Mumindalen (1993, Songs From Moominvalley; songbook. With Lars Jansson and Erna Tauro)
Comic strips
- Mumin, Books 1–7 (1977–1981, Moomin; Books 3–7 with Lars Jansson) (Books 1–6 released in English).[58]
Other books
Novels
- Sommarboken (1972, The Summer Book)
- Solstaden (1974, Sun City)
- Den ärliga bedragaren (1982, The True Deceiver)
- Stenåkern (1984, The Field of Stones)
- Rent spel (1989, Fair Play)
Short story collections
- Bildhuggarens dotter (1968, Sculptor's Daughter) (semi-autobiographical)
- Lyssnerskan (1971, The Listener)
- Dockskåpet och andra berättelser (1978, lit. "The Doll's House and Other Stories", translated as Art in Nature)
- Resa med lätt bagage (1987, Travelling Light)
- Brev från Klara och andra berättelser (1991, Letters from Klara and Other Stories)
- Meddelande. Noveller i urval 1971–1997 (1998 compilation, Messages: Selected Stories 1971–1997)
- A Winter Book (Sort of Books, 2006). Selected and introduced by Ali Smith, from Sculptor's Daughter, Messages, The Listener, Letters from Klara, and Traveling Light.
- The Woman Who Borrowed Memories (New York Review Books, 2014). Selections from The Listener, The Doll's House, Traveling Light, Letters from Klara, and Messages. Translated by Thomas Teal and Silvester Mazzarella.
Miscellaneous
- Sara och Pelle och näckens bläckfiskar (under the pseudonym of Vera Haij, 1933, Sara and Pelle and the Octopuses of the Water Sprite)
- Anteckningar från en ö (1993, Notes from an Island; autobiography; illustrated by Tuulikki Pietilä)
- Letters from Tove (2019) (personal letters, edited by Boel Westin and Helen Svensson)
Awards
- Ducat Prize of the Finnish Art Society for young artists (1939, 1953)[4]
- Svenska Dagbladet Prize for Finland-Swedish literature (1952)[4]
- Nils Holgersson Plaque for The Book about Moomin, Mymble and Little My (1953)[4]
- Elsa Beskow Plaque and Rudolf Koivu Prize for Moominland Midwinter (1958)[4]
- Stockholms-Tidningen Culture Prize (1963)[4]
- Finnish State Prize for Literature (1963)[4]
- Anni Swan Medal for Tales from Moominvalley (1964)[4]
- Hans Christian Andersen Award (gold medal, 1966)[59][60]
- Expressen Heffaklumpen Prize (with Astrid Lindgren) (1970)[4]
- Award for State Literature (1963, 1971 and 1982)[5]
- Swedish Academy Finland Prize (1972)[4]
- Order of the Smile (1975)[61]
- Pro Finlandia Medal (1976)[5]
- Stiftelsen litteraturfrämjandet Large Prize (1977)[4]
- Swedish Culture Foundation Honorary Award (1983)[62]
- The Finnish Cultural Award (1990)[62]
- Selma Lagerlöf Prize (1992)[62]
- The Finland Art Prize (1993)[62]
- Mercuri International bronze medal (1994)[62]
- The Swedish Academy Award (1994)[62]
- Åbo Akademi University Honorary Professor (1995)[63]
- The American-Scandinavian Foundation Honorary Cultural Award (1996)[62]
- WSOY Literary Foundation Award (1999)[62]
- Le Prix de l'Office Chrétien du Livre [62]
- The Will Eisner Award Hall of Fame (2016)[64]
Notes
- ^ The original title of Finn Family Moomintroll, Trollkarlens Hatt, which would more literally be The Magician's Hat in English.
- ^ The first edition (1946) of Comet in Moominland echoed the threat to Finland of a Soviet takeover at that time. The 1956 and 1968 editions were edited as the threats changed. By 1968, that was nuclear war.[16]
- ISBN 978-9-15182-727-8.
- ^ Same-sex marriage in Finland was legalized in 2017.
References
- ^ ISBN 978-9-51-501672-0.
- ^ Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura. Archivedfrom the original on 7 August 2011. Retrieved 4 February 2009.
- ^ "Söderskär Lighthouse". Helsinki This Week. 3 July 2019. Archived from the original on 26 November 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Tove Jansson". Tovejansson.com. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
Läroverket för gossar och flickor (an educational institution for boys and girls), also known as Brobergska samskolan, Helsinki 1923–1930
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Liukkonen, Petri. "Tove Jansson". Books and Writers (kirjasto.sci.fi). Finland: Kuusankoski Public Library. Archived from the original on 16 September 2008.
- ^ "ArchWay With Words". ArchWayWithWords.co.uk. Archived from the original on 29 November 2018. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
- ^ a b c Bosworth, Mark (13 March 2014). "Tove Jansson: Love, war and the Moomins". BBC. Retrieved 13 March 2014.
- ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 7 April 2019.
- ISBN 978-0-8032-4189-3.
- ^ "Introduction to Moomin books: The Exploits of Moominpappa, 1950". 21 December 2015.
- Tor.com. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
- ^ "My favourite book as a kid ... Moominland Midwinter by Tove Jansson". The Guardian. 7 May 2020.
- ^ a b "'It is a religion': how the world went mad for Moomins". The Guardian. 6 April 2019.
- ^ Burr, Ty (27 July 2001). "Moomin Struck - Tove Jansson: 1914-2001". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on 25 July 2015. Retrieved 25 November 2012.
- ^ Casper, Robert (11 August 2014). "Celebrating Tove Jansson". Library of Congress. Retrieved 1 January 2017.
- .
- ^ Jansson, Tove (1956). Mumintrollet på kometjakt (in Swedish) (2nd ed.). Vadstena: Sörlins förlag.
- ^ Jansson, Tove (1956). Muminpappans memoarer (in Swedish) (2nd ed.). Stockholm: Geber.
- ^ a b McDonagh, Melanie (18 November 2017). "A chance to see the Moomins' creator for the genius she really was: Tove Janssons reviewed". The Spectator (November 2017). Archived from the original on 6 January 2018.
- S2CID 151535137.
- ^ Taylor, Alan (23 May 2013). "Finland in World War II". The Atlantic. Retrieved 5 January 2018.
- ^ "Comic creator: Tove Jansson". lambiek.net. Retrieved 18 November 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Prideaux, Sue (15 January 2014). "Tove Jansson: Life, Art, Words by Boel Westin – review". The Guardian. Retrieved 18 November 2014.
- ^ S2CID 226550272.
- ^ ISSN 0347-772X.
- ^ a b c "Tove Jansson's illustrations for Carroll and Tolkien". British Library: European Studies Blog. 8 November 2021.
- ISBN 978-1933330105.
- ^ "The 58th BFI London Film Festival in partnership with American Express® announces full 2014 programme". 4 September 2014. Archived from the original on 8 September 2014. Retrieved 8 September 2014.
- ^ a b Frank, Priscilla (14 September 2017). "Meet The Queer, Anti-Fascist Woman Behind The Freakishly Lovable 'Moomins'". HuffPost. Retrieved 7 April 2019.
- ^ "Mamma of all the Moomins". Evening Standard. 9 January 2014. Retrieved 7 April 2019.
- ^ "The Gay Love Stories of Moomin and the Queer Radicality of Tove Jansson". Autostraddle. 3 October 2018. Retrieved 7 April 2019.
- Tor.com. Retrieved 7 April 2019.
- ^ a b Scott, Izabella (May 2018). "The Party" (PDF). So It Goes (11).
- ^ Heti, Seila (30 March 2020). "Inside Tove Jansson's Private Universe". The New Yorker.
In 1956, [Jansson] met Tuulikki Pietilä ("Tooti"), a prolific graphic artist and engraver. They would remain partners for forty-five years, until Jansson's death. But, as Westin and Svensson put it, "anyone who lived with Tove Jansson also had to live with her family". Her mother, nicknamed Ham, stayed with Jansson on and off. Even as a teenager, preparing to go away to school, Jansson had worried about her mother. In a letter from 1961, she describes the stress of managing both Tooti and Ham in their "all-female household." She felt that it had become impossible to please one without displeasing the other, and during a time of intense strife she wrote to a friend, "Sometimes I think I hate them both and it makes me feel ill".
- ^ National Audiovisual Institute (10 January 1998). "Haru, yksinäisten saari". Finna.fi. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
- ^ Cederström, Kanerva; Tanner, Riikka. "Tove ja Tooti Euroopassa". Finna.fi. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
- ^ "Hietaniemen hautausmaa – merkittäviä vainajia" [Hietaniemi Cemetery - significant deceased] (PDF). Helsingin seurakuntayhtymä. Retrieved 26 August 2016.
- ^ a b Kennedy, Maev (22 October 2017). "Moomins and more: UK show to exhibit Tove Jansson's broader work". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 February 2018.
- ^ Mumin och havet [Moomins and the Sea] (in Swedish), archived from the original on 6 April 2015, retrieved 15 March 2019
- ^ Hällsten, Annika (22 January 2014). "Boksuccé efterlyses". Hufvudstadsbladet. p. 21.
- ^ "Tällainen on maailman ainoa Muumimuseo – Ensimmäiset japanilaisturistit paikalla jo tunteja ennen avajaisia" [This is the only Moomin Museum in the world - The first Japanese tourists arrive hours before the opening]. Yle Uutiset (in Finnish). 17 June 2017. Retrieved 4 September 2021.
- ^ "BBC Four - Moominland Tales: The Life of Tove Jansson". BBC.
- ^ "The first Moomin theme park outside Finland is simply magical – and officially open! See the full photo story from Moominvalley Park, Japan". Moomin.com. 17 March 2019. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
- ^ "The Tove Jansson centenary exhibition attracted 293,837 visitors". Ateneum Art Museum. 7 September 2014. Archived from the original on 13 December 2014. Retrieved 11 December 2014.
- ^ "Tove Jansson 14.03.2014 – 07.09.2014". Ateneum Art Museum. Archived from the original on 20 March 2014. Retrieved 14 March 2014.
- ^ "Ei vain muumien äiti – Tove Janssonilla oli taiteilijana sadat kasvot" [Not just the mother of the moomins – Tove Jansson had hundreds of faces as an artist] (in Finnish). Yle Uutiset. 13 March 2014. Retrieved 14 March 2014.
- ^ "Tove Jansson". Helsinki Art Museum. 29 January 2016. Retrieved 9 December 2023.
- ^ "Tove Jansson (1914-2001)". Dulwich Picture Gallery. Archived from the original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 2 January 2018.
- ^ "New feature drama film about Tove Jansson to premiere in 2020". Moomin.com. 18 June 2019. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
- ^ "Another collector coin is minted in honour of Tove Jansson". Mint of Finland. 30 January 2014. Archived from the original on 14 March 2014. Retrieved 14 March 2014.
- ^ "Tove Jansson to feature on two-euro commemorative coin". Mint of Finland. 16 May 2014. Archived from the original on 13 June 2014. Retrieved 17 June 2014.
- ISSN 0358-1225
- ^ "The first stamps of 2014 celebrate Tove Jansson and ancient castles". Posti Group. 16 October 2013. Archived from the original on 6 April 2016. Retrieved 14 March 2014.
- ^ "Tove Jansson saa puiston Katajanokalle" [Tove Jansson gets a park in Katajanokka]. Helsingin Sanomat (in Finnish). 11 March 2014. Retrieved 11 March 2014.
- ^ "Katajanokanpuisto renamed Tove Jansson Park". Finland Times. 12 March 2014.
- ^ "All-star cast for new Moomin animation series, Moominvalley". Moomin.com. 12 September 2017.
- ^ Pratchett, Rhianna (12 March 2018). "My family and other Moomins: Rhianna Pratchett on her father's love for Tove Jansson". The Guardian.
- ^ "Products by Tove Jansson". Drawn & Quarterly. Retrieved 15 February 2009.
- ^ "People – Tove Jansson". thisisFINLAND. 11 March 2014. Retrieved 18 November 2014.
- ^ "Hans Christian Andersen Awards". International Board on Books for Young People (IBBY). Retrieved 2013-08-01.
- ^ REL (3 December 1976). "Tove Jansson, Hymy-ritari". Helsingin Sanomat (in Finnish). p. 18.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Engholm, Ahrvid (8 March 2015). "The Fanzines of Moonin's Mother Tove Jansson - Ahrvid Engholm (Sweden)". Europa SF. Retrieved 3 July 2021.
- ^ "Jansson, Tove (1914 - 2001)". Kansallisbiografia.fi. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
- ^ Cavna, Michael (23 July 2016). "Comic-Con: 'Overjoyed' Rep. John Lewis wins 'the Oscar of comics' for his civil rights memoir (+ winners' list)". The Washington Post. Retrieved 7 March 2017.
Further reading
- Gravett, Paul (2022). Tove Jansson. The Illustrators. ISBN 978-0-500-09433-4.
- Karjalainen, Tuula (2014). Tove Jansson. Work and Love. ISBN 9781846148491.
External links
- Tove Jansson at www.moomin.com (in Finnish, Swedish, and English)
- Tove Jansson at Schildts (in Finnish and Swedish)
- Tove Jansson and the altarpiece "Ten Virgins" (in Finnish, Swedish, English, and Japanese)
- Tove Jansson at WSOY (in Finnish)
- thisisFINLAND: People – Tove Jansson: writer, painter and illustrator
- The Moomin Trove Comprehensive lists of Tove Jansson's Moomin books
- Tove Jansson and The Moomin Trove by Finland Travel Club
- Moominland Tales: The Life of Tove Jansson (BBC) by Eleanor Yule
- Tove Jansson at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database
- Tove Jansson at Library of Congress, with 91 library catalogue records
- Jansson, Tove (1914–2001) at National Biography of Finland
- "Tove Jansson". Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland. urn:NBN:fi:sls-4317-1416928956923.