Toxidrome
| Symptoms | BP | HR | RR | Temp | Pupil size |
Bowel sounds |
Diaphoresis
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| anticholinergic | up | up | up | up | up | down | down |
| cholinergic | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | down | up | up |
hallucinogenic |
up | up | up | ~ | up | up | ~ |
sympathomimetic |
up | up | up | up | up | up | up |
sedative-hypnotic |
down | down | down | down | ~ | down | down |
A toxidrome (a
disorientation, nausea, vomiting and oscillopsia. It may indicate a medical emergency requiring treatment at a poison control center. Aside from poisoning, a systemic infection may also lead to one. Classic toxidromes are presented below, which are variable[1] or obscured by co-ingestion of multiple drugs.[3]
Anticholinergic
The symptoms of an
scopolamine.[3]
Cholinergic
The symptoms of a cholinergic toxidrome include
salivation, seizures, urination and weakness. Complications include bradycardia, hypothermia and tachypnea. Substances that may cause this toxidrome include carbamates, mushrooms and organophosphates
.
Hallucinogenic
The symptoms of a hallucinogenic toxidrome include
disorientation, hallucinations, hyperactive bowel sounds, panic and seizures. Complications include hypertension, tachycardia and tachypnea. Substances that may cause this toxidrome include substituted amphetamines, cocaine and phencyclidine
.
Opiate
The symptoms of an opiate toxidrome include the classic triad of
opioids
.
Sedative/hypnotic
The symptoms of sedative/hypnotic toxidrome include
seizures
in overdose.
Sympathomimetic
The symptoms of a sympathomimetic toxidrome include
Ma Huang), methamphetamine, phenylpropanolamine and pseudoephedrine. The bronchodilator salbutamol may also cause this toxidrome. It may appear very similar to the anticholinergic toxidrome, but is distinguished by hyperactive bowel sounds and sweating.[3]
References
- ^ ISBN 0-8385-3148-2.)
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - PMID 5491430.
- ^ ISBN 0-07-144873-X.
Further reading
Nelson, Lewis H.; Flomenbaum, Neal; Goldfrank, Lewis R.; Hoffman, Robert Louis; Howland, Mary Deems; Neal A. Lewin (2006). Goldfrank's toxicologic emergencies. New York: McGraw-Hill, Medical Pub. Division. ISBN 0-07-143763-0.