Trần Anh Tông
Trần Anh Tông 陳英宗 | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Trần Mạnh and 5 daughters | |||||||||||||||||||||
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House | Trần dynasty | ||||||||||||||||||||
Father | Trần Nhân Tông | ||||||||||||||||||||
Mother | Empress Khâm Từ Bảo Thánh | ||||||||||||||||||||
Religion | Buddhism |
Trần dynasty monarchs | ||
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Trần Anh Tông (
Early years
Anh Tông was born in 1276 as Trần Thuyên, the first son of the then-emperor Trần Nhân Tông and Empress Khâm Từ Bảo Thánh.[2] In 1292 he was invested as crown prince by Nhân Tông[3] and ultimately was ceded the throne in 1293 while his father still reigned as Retired Emperor (Thái thượng hoàng) for 16 years.
According to officially commissioned historical books, although being an intelligent ruler and a devoted son,
As emperor
Trần Anh Tông | |
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Vietnamese name | |
Hán-Nôm | 陳英宗 |
Anh Tông was the first Trần emperor who reigned without having to face attacks from the
Birth name | |
Hán-Nôm | 陳烇 |
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Foreign policy during Anh Tông's reign was continuing the détente with the Yuan dynasty while restraining the two other neighbours of Đại Việt, the kingdoms of Champa and Laos. The Emperor's envoy to the Yuan dynasty was so successful that the leader Mạc Đĩnh Chi was dubbled the "Two-state exemplar" because he came first as Trạng nguyên (Zhuangyuan, 狀元) in Đại Việt's imperial examination and was praised in the Yuan dynasty court for his eloquence.[8] After the failed invasions of the Mongol Empire, Đại Việt's southwestern border was invaded several times by Laos until Anh Tông appointed Phạm Ngũ Lão to oversee the pacification of the frontier regions.[9][10][11]
In 1306, the king of
As retired emperor
After 21 years of rule, Anh Tông passed the throne to the crown prince Trần Mạnh, who became the Emperor
According to history books, Anh Tông was praised for his righteous reign, which created a peaceful and prosperous period in the history of Đại Việt. He was known as a modest ruler who was quick to mend his mistakes, was always cautious and intelligent in judgment, and the only major criticism of him was building a tower and gathering monks in Yên Tử mountain.[2][15][16] According to the royal historian Ngô Sĩ Liên, Anh Tông was a father with sense of responsibility for his son, which is seen as an important factor in Minh Tông's good governance in the future.[17] The decision made by Anh Tông and his father Nhân Tông to marry off the royal princess Huyền Trân to the king of Champa in exchange for peace and land was sometimes considered a stigma on the Trần dynasty.[18]
Family
- Anh Tông had one empress, two other wives and several concubines:
- Empress Thuận Thánh (?–1330), daughter of Trần Quốc Tuấn. She was entitled Queen dowager when Trần Mạnhwas made emperor
- Imperial consort Chiêu Hiến, daughter of Trần Bình Trọng, natural mother of Trần Mạnh[19]
- Imperial consort Tĩnh Huệ, daughter of Phạm Ngũ Lão
- Đa La Thanh, daughter of northern monk Du Chi Bà Lam
- Imperial concubine Trần Thị Thái Bình
- Palace maid Vương Thị
- Empress Thuận Thánh (?–1330), daughter of
- Besides three short-lived sons, Anh Tông was survived by only one son, Trần Mạnh, who eventually became his successor Trần Minh Tông. The Emperor also had five daughters:
- Princess Thiên Chân
- Princess Ý Trinh
- Princess Huy Chân
- Princess Huệ Chân
- Princess Thánh Chân
References
- ^ History of Yuan.
- ^ a b c d Ngô 1993, p. 205
- ^ National Bureau for Historical Record 1998, p. 241
- ^ a b Trần 1971, p. 65
- ^ Ngô 1993, p. 209
- ^ Trần 1971, p. 64
- ^ Ngô 1993, p. 207
- ^ Ngô 1993, p. 221
- ^ a b c Trần 1971, p. 66
- ^ Ngô 1993, p. 215
- ^ a b c Chapuis 1995, p. 85
- ^ Ngô 1993, p. 223
- ISBN 9747534991
- ^ Chapuis 1995, p. 86
- ^ Tran Tuyet Nhung, Anthony Reid 2006, p. 58
- ^ Chapuis 1995, p. 87
- ^ Ngô 1993, p. 254
- ^ Ngô 1993, p. 218
- ^ Ngô 1993, p. 227
Sources
- Ngô, Sỹ Liên (1993), Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư (in Vietnamese) (Nội các quan bản ed.), Hanoi: Social Science Publishing House
- National Bureau for Historical Record (1998), Khâm định Việt sử Thông giám cương mục (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Education Publishing House
- Trần, Trọng Kim (1971), Việt Nam sử lược (in Vietnamese), Saigon: Center for School Materials
- Tran Tuyet Nhung, Anthony Reid (2006), Việt Nam: borderless histories, Univ of Wisconsin Press, ISBN 0-299-21774-4
- Chapuis, Oscar (1995), A history of Vietnam: from Hong Bang to Tu Duc, Greenwood Publishing Group, ISBN 0-313-29622-7