Track and trace

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For signal processing techniques, see Order tracking (signal processing). For tracing contacts, see Contact tracing.


In the distribution and

RFID
.

The track and trace concept can be supported by means of reckoning and reporting of the position of vehicles and containers with the property of concern, stored, for example, in a

real-time database
. This approach leaves the task to compose a coherent depiction of the subsequent status reports.

Another approach is to report the arrival or departure of the object and recording the identification of the object, the location where observed, the time, and the status. This approach leaves the task to verify the reports regarding consistency and completeness. An example of this method might be the package tracking provided by shippers, such as the United States Postal Service, Deutsche Post, Royal Mail, United Parcel Service, AirRoad, or FedEx.

Technology

RFID
chip.
Some produce traceability makers use matrix barcodes to record data on specific produce.

The international standards organization

EPCglobal under GS1 has ratified the EPC network standards (esp. the EPC information services EPCIS standard) which codify the syntax and semantics for supply chain
events and the secure method for selectively sharing supply chain events with trading partners. These standards for Tracking and Tracing have been used in successful deployments in many industries and there are now a wide range of products that are certified as being compatible with these standards.

In response to a growing number of

Radio-frequency identification and barcodes are two common technology methods used to deliver traceability.[1]

RFID is synonymous with track-and-trace solutions, and has a critical role to play in supply chains. RFID is a code-carrying technology, and can be used in place of a barcode to enable non-line of sight-reading. Deployment of RFID was earlier inhibited by cost limitations but the usage is now increasing.

Barcoding is a common and cost-effective method used to implement traceability at both the item and case-level. Variable data in a barcode or a numeric or alphanumeric code format can be applied to the packaging or label. The secure data can be used as a pointer to traceability information and can also correlate with production data such as time to market and product quality.[2]

Packaging

converters
have a choice of three different classes of technology to print barcodes:

  • Inkjet
    (dot on demand or continuous) systems are capable of printing high resolution (300 dpi or higher for dot on demand) images at press speed (up to 1000fpm). These solutions can be deployed either on-press or off-line.
  • Laser
    marking can be employed to ablate a coating or to cause a color change in certain materials. The advantage of laser is fine detail and high speed for character printing, and no consumables. Not all substrates accept a laser mark, and certain colors (e.g. red) are not suitable for barcode reading.
  • Thermal transfer and direct thermal. For lower speed off-press applications, thermal transfer and direct thermal printers are ideal for printing variable data on labels.

Uses

Serialization facilitates supply chain agility: visibility into supply chain activities and the ability to take responsive action. Particular benefits include the ability to recognise and isolate counterfeit products and to improve the efficiency of product recall management.[3]

Consumers can access web sites to trace the origins of their purchased products or to find the status of shipments. Consumers can type a code found on an item into a search box at the tracing website and view information. This can also be done via a smartphone taking a picture of a 2D barcode and thereby opening up a website that verifies the product (i.e. product authentication).

Serialization has a significant and legally endorsed safety role in the pharmaceutical industry.[4]

See also

References

  1. PMID 31275566
    .
  2. ^ Traceability: Giving every product an authentic identity, Package Printing, June 1, 2008
  3. ^ McCutcheon, S., Manufacturers are Seizing Opportunities across the Supply Chain, IndustryWeek, published 6 November 2008, accessed 15 August 2023
  4. ^ Tiga Health, What Serialization Means for Pharma Manufacturing, accessed 30 July 2023
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