Traditional Korean medicine
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Traditional Korean medicine[n 1] (known in North Korea as Koryo medicine) refers to the forms of traditional medicine practiced in Korea.
History
Korean medicine traditions originated in ancient and prehistoric times and can be traced back as far as 3000
Medicine flourished in the period of the
After this, many books on medical specialties were published. There are three physicians from the
The next major influence to traditional Korean medicine is related to
The next recognized individual is Saam, a priest-physician who is believed to have lived during the 16th century. Although there is much unknown about Saam, including his real name and date of birth, it is recorded that he studied under the famous monk Samyang. He developed a system of acupuncture that employs the five element theory.
In the late Joseon dynasty, positivism was widespread. Clinical evidence was used more commonly as the basis for studying disease and developing cures. Scholars who had turned away from politics devoted themselves to treating diseases and, in consequence, new schools of traditional medicine were established. Simple books on medicine for the common people were published.
Yi Je-ma classified human beings into four main types, based on the emotion that dominated their personality and developed treatments for each type:
- Tae-Yang (태양, 太陽) or "greater yang"
- So-Yang (소양, 小陽) or "lesser yang"
- Tae-Eum (태음, 太陰) or "greater yin"
- So-Eum (소음, 小陰) or "lesser yin"
The Japanese took control of Korea, which made the Korean traditional medicine fall on difficult times.[3] Colonial rule of the Japanese started since 1910.[3] The continuance of developing Korean medicine was suspended for 40 years due to the Japanese rule.[3] Academic research of this medicine was suspended as well.[3] The suppression lasted until 1945.[3] Korea was freed from the Japanese rule at this time.[3] In 1951, the enactment of the National Medical Treatment Law established an organized framework for skillful practitioners who use the medicine that has been traditionally developed to treat patients.[3] Koreans and their government supported this medicine.[3] In 1970s, Korean traditional medicine including acupuncture was generally acknowledged by healthcare clinics because of its value.[3]
Originally, Korean traditional medicine was called “medicine of symptoms."[9] “Principles of traditional medicine call for an assessment of eight symptoms."[9] These symptoms are categorized “into four pairs: cold/hot, deficiency/sufficiency, large/small, and yin/yang."[9] Korean traditional medicine is ineffective when used alone in some situations.[9] The medicine from the West can be used with Korean medicine, which is more effective.[9] In Korea, this widespread practice occurs for a long time.[9] Currently, Korean Traditional Medicine is under challenges to undergo scientific examinations such as clinical trials to counter growing distrust. Survey has shown that younger generations of Koreans tend to not trust Korean Traditional Medicine.[10] The meme '한무당'(Hanmudang), a neologism that relates Korean Traditional Medicine to shamanism has become too prevalent among young generations that there the association of Korean Traditional Medicine Protectionists had to take measures to stop the meme from auto-completing in internet searches.[11]
Methods
The most common applications of Korean traditional medicine are acupuncture, herbal medicine, and moxibustion.[9] They describe a combination of natural and medical sciences research.[9] In Korea, adherents of the medicine that has been traditionally developed advise that acupuncture comes first.[9] Moxibustion comes second and herbal medicine comes third.[9] Depending on physical state and particular condition of the individual, these practices can be prescribed in separate ways.[9]
Herbal medicine
Herbal medicines may be presented in many forms including fresh, dried, whole, or chopped. Herbs may be prepared as infusions when an herb is soaked in a liquid or decocted—simmered in water over low heat for a certain period. Some examples of infusion are chamomile or peppermint, using flowers, leaves and powdered herbs. Decocting examples may be rose hips, cinnamon bark, and licorice root consisting of fruits, seeds, barks, and roots. Fresh and dried herbs can be tinctured where herbs are kept in alcohol or contained in a vinegar extract. They can be preserved as syrups such as glycerites in vegetable glycerin or put in honey known as miels.
Non-oral herbal uses consist of creams, baths, oils, ointments, gels, distilled waters, washes, poultices, compresses, snuffs, steams, inhaled smoke and aromatics volatile oils.
Many herbalists consider the patient's direct involvement to be critical. These methods are delivered differently depending on the herbal traditions of each area. Nature is not necessarily safe; special attention should be used when grading quality, deciding a dosage, realizing possible effects, and any interactions with herbal medications.[12]
An example of herbal medicine is the use of
Another example of herbal medicine is cheongsimhwan (Korean: 청심환, lit. 'clear-mind pill'), a pill formulated with thirty odd herbs and other medicinal ingredients, including calculus bovis, ginseng, musk, and Chinese yam root.[13]
Acupuncture
Moxibustion
Moxibustion is a technique in which heat is applied to the body with a stick or a cone of burning mugwort. The tool is placed over the affected area without burning the skin. The cone or stick can also be placed over a pressure point to stimulate and strengthen the blood.[24]
A
Education
Graduate School of Korean Medicine
The
In 2008, the School of Korean Medicine was established inside Pusan National University with the 50 undergraduate students on the Yangsan medical campus. The new affiliated Korean Medical Hospital and Research Center for Clinical Studies are under construction.
Compared with common private traditional medicine
General Hospital of Koryo Medicine
Koryo medicine is a form of traditional medicine used in
See also
- Dongui Bogam
- Ginseng
- Kampo
- Korean philosophy
- Kyung-ok-ko
- List of forms of alternative medicine
- List of topics characterized as pseudoscience
- Pharmacognosy
- Sasang typology
- Traditional Chinese medicine
- Traditional Vietnamese medicine
- Yakchim
Notes
- ^ 한의학; 韓醫學; Hanuihak; or 향약; 鄕藥; Hyangyak
- ^ Singh & Ernst (2008) stated, "Scientists are still unable to find a shred of evidence to support the existence of meridians or Ch'i",[15] "The traditional principles of acupuncture are deeply flawed, as there is no evidence at all to demonstrate the existence of Ch'i or meridians"[16] and "As yin and yang, acupuncture points and meridians are not a reality, but merely the product of an ancient Chinese philosophy".[17][18]
References
- ^ "Acupuncture Stimulated Healing". Archived from the original on 2015-04-09.
- ^ Dr. DiLeva, Rose. "The Evolution of Acupuncture in Veterinary Medicine" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on July 7, 2011. Retrieved September 14, 2010.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Shin Joon-shik. (2008). Introduction to Korea’s Traditional Medicine. Koreana, 22(1), 8–13.
- ^ Korean Medicine: A Holistic Way to Health and Healing By Seoul Selection
- ^ ISBN 9789401714167. Retrieved 9 September 2016.
- ^ "The Influence of Chinese Clothing | Oriental Style". Archived from the original on 2011-10-08. Retrieved 2011-07-13.
- ^ Archaeology of Psychotherapy in Korea: A Study of Korean Therapeutic Work ... By Haeyoung Jeong
- ^ "ChaeLab - Sasang Typology". Archived from the original on 2010-11-15. Retrieved 2010-09-22.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Ko Changham. (2008). Three Popular Applications of Korea’s Traditional Medicine. Koreana, 22(1), 14–23.
- ^ 김, 준호 (2020-07-16). "의사단체 "한방첩약은 비과학적, 안전·효과 불신"". 메디칼트리뷴 (in Korean). Retrieved 2023-04-27.
- ^ "네이버, 카카오 등에서 '한무당' 자동완성 검색어 사라진다". 한의신문 (in Korean). Retrieved 2023-04-27.
- ^ Micozzi, Marc S., and Lisa Meserole (2000). Marc S. Micozzi and C. Everett Koop (ed.). Herbal Medicine: Fundamentals of Complementary and Integrative Medicine. St. Louis: Saunders El Sevier.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Korean-English Learners' Dictionary. National Institute of Korean Language. Archivedfrom the original on 10 January 2017. Retrieved 10 January 2017.
- ^ "Acupuncture". NHSChoices. Retrieved 2 May 2015.
- ^ Singh & Ernst 2008, p. 72
- ^ Singh & Ernst 2008, p. 107
- ^ Singh & Ernst 2008, p. 387
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- ^ Pizzorno, Joseph E. Jr. and Pamela Snider (2000). Marc S. Micozzi and C. Everett Koop (ed.). Naturopathic Medicine: Fundamentals of Complementary and Integrative Medicine. St. Louis: Saunders El Sevier.
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- ISBN 9789290222248. Archived from the original(PDF) on July 31, 2020.
- ^ Talmadge, Eric (27 August 2018). "Ostrich skin, Neo-Viagra and cancer cures: A shopping guide to North Korea". National Post. Associated Press. Retrieved 1 May 2020.