Tramways in Île-de-France

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Île-de-France tramway
standard gauge
for conventional lines
System map

The Île-de-France tramways (

Porte de Choisy station, since 2021) and T6 and T10 (at Hôpital Béclère, since 2023). However, the final design of the entire planned tram network is fairly integrated. (The prefix "T" in tram line numbers avoids confusion with the numbering of Paris Métro
lines.)

Most lines (with the exceptions of lines T4, T9, T11 Express, and T13 Express) are operated by the

rubber-tired trams. Lines T4, T11 Express, and T13 Express are tram-trains, sharing tracks with main-line railways, and are operated by the French national rail operator SNCF as part of its Transilien regional rail network (except Line T11 Express which is operated by SNCF's subsubsidiary Transkeo
).

History

Trams of the former network, seen near the Pont au Change in central Paris

From 1855 to 1938, Paris was served by an extensive tramway network, predating the

Porte de Vincennes, was closed in 1937,[5] and the last line in the entire Paris agglomeration, running between Le Raincy and Montfermeil, ended its service on 14 August 1938.[4]

Originally horse-powered, Paris trams used steam, as well as later pneumatic engines, then electricity. The funicular that operated in Belleville from 1891 to 1924 is sometimes erroneously thought of as a tramway, but was actually a cable car system. The first of the new generation of trams in Paris, the current Line T1, opened in 1992, with Line T2 opening in 1997 and Lines T3 and T4 in 2006. Lines T5 and T7, opened in 2013 while T6 and T8 opened in 2014. T11 Express opened in 2017, and T9 opened in 2021. T13 Express opened in 2022 and Line T10 opened in 2023. Lines T12 Express is currently under construction, the last part of the former Grande Ceinture Line that is not covered by Lines T11 Express and T13 Express.

Lines

Line T1
Line T2
Line T3a
Line T3b
Line T4
Line T5
Line T6
Line T7
Line T8
Line T9
Line T10
Line T11 Express
Line T12 Express
Line T13 Express
Line Opening[6] Length Stations Operator Track system Technology
Île-de-France tramway Line 1 1992[7] 17.9 km (11.1 mi) 37 RATP Conventional Tram
Île-de-France tramway Line 2 1997[7] 17.9 km (11.1 mi) 24 RATP Conventional Tram
Île-de-France tramway Line 3a 2006[7] 12.4 km (7.7 mi) 25 RATP Conventional Tram
Île-de-France tramway Line 3b 2012[7] 14.3 km (8.9 mi) 26 RATP Conventional Tram
Île-de-France tramway Line 4 2006[8] 13.3 km (8.3 mi)[8] 20 SNCF Conventional Tram-train
Île-de-France tramway Line 5 2013[7] 6.6 km (4.1 mi)[7] 16 RATP Translohr Tram
Île-de-France tramway Line 6 2014[9] 14 km (8.7 mi)[9] 21 RATP Translohr Tram
Île-de-France tramway Line 7 2013[7] 11.2 km (7.0 mi)[7] 18 RATP Conventional Tram
Île-de-France tramway Line 8 2014[9] 8.5 km (5.3 mi)[9][10] 17 RATP Conventional Tram
Île-de-France tramway Line 9 2021[11] 10.3 km (6.4 mi) 19 Keolis Conventional Tram
Île-de-France tramway Line 10 2023 6.8 km (4.2 mi) 13 RATP Conventional Tram
Île-de-France tramway Line 11 2017 11 km (6.8 mi) 7 Transkeo Conventional Tram-train
Île-de-France tramway Line 12 2023 20.4 km (12.7 mi) 16 Transkeo Conventional Tram-train
Île-de-France tramway Line 13 2022 18.8 km (11.7 mi) 12 Transkeo Conventional Tram-train
Total 183.4 km (114.0 mi) 271

T1

Line T1 currently connects

Val de Fontenay
RER station is also planned on the eastern side of the line.

T2

Line T2 (Trans Val-de-Seine) connects the bridge of

Porte de Versailles Paris Métro station (near Paris's main exhibit grounds) via La Défense and Issy-les-Moulineaux business districts. It opened in 1997 between La Défense and Issy–Val de Seine stations, exploiting a former SNCF
line, the Moulineaux Line, which closed to regular train traffic in 1993. Tram line T2 was first extended south in 2009, from Issy–Val de Seine station to the Porte de Versailles, then north in 2012 from La Défense to the Pont de Bezons.

T3a and T3b

Line T3 (Tramway des Maréchaux) is the first modern tramway line to actually enter Paris city itself. It is divided into two sections, called T3a and T3b, separated at the

Thiers Wall, built from 1841 to 1844. The boulevards are, with three exceptions, all named from Napoleon's First Empire marshals
(maréchaux).

T3a connects the

Porte Dauphine (16th arrondissement) is planned, but currently halted by western extension of the RER E
line.

T4

Line T4 is an 8-kilometre (5.0 mi), 11-stop

Aulnay-sous-Bois RER stations on top of a former train track similar to Line 2. It opened on 18 November 2006. Unlike the other tramways in Île-de-France, Line T4 is operated by the SNCF. A new branch of this tram-train line, heading east towards Montfermeil
, opened in 2020.

T5

Tramway T5[14] is a Translohr tram-on-tyres[15] running along a mainly segregated "track" on the busy Route Nationale 1 (similar to the systems in Nancy or Caen) where it replaces the former bus lines 168 and 268. The 6.6-kilometre (4.1 mi) route[15] serves 16 stops[15] between Saint-Denis, Pierrefitte-sur-Seine, Sarcelles and Garges-lès-Gonesse. It has an interchange with T1 at its southernmost terminus, Marché de Saint-Denis, and with RER D at its northernmost terminus, the Garges-Sarcelles RER station.[16] Line T5 opened in July 2013.[17]

T6

Tramway Line 6 is a 14-kilometre (8.7 mi)

Viroflay-Rive-Droite Transilien station through Vélizy-Villacoublay
. The 1.6 kilometres (0.99 mi) westernmost part of the line (through Viroflay), is underground, in a single tunnel grossing the town from south to north and including the two final stops, each under the two train stations the city has, Rive-Gauche (Lines C and N) and Rive-Droite (Line L). The majority of the current line opened in 2014, with said tunnel section opening in 2016. It replaced bus line 295, that became overcrowded and too slow for proper use, as well as multiple of the former Kéolis lines operating across Vélizy.

T7

Tramway Line 7 is an 11.2-kilometre (7.0 mi) route serving 18 stations

Villejuif–Louis Aragon (southwestern terminus of Paris Métro Line 7) and Athis-Mons, via Rungis International Market and Orly Airport. It opened in 2013[18] in order to both allow a supplemental rail service from Paris to Orly Airport and replace bus line 285, which had also become overcrowded on its now supplemented part. The remaining part of said bus line is also planned to be replaced by the upcoming southern extension of Tram Line 7 towards the Juvisy-sur-Orge train station
.

T8

Formerly known as Tram'y due to its opening-day Y-shape (while T4 got its Y-shape after its initial opening), this 8.46-kilometre (5.26 mi) tram line goes from the

Saint-Denis–Porte de Paris Métro station to Épinay-sur-Seine — Orgemont, with a branch to the university campus of Villetaneuse, where it connects to the more recent T11 Express Line. An extension is also planned south, to Paris itself, at the Rosa Parks RER station. Construction of the line began in 2010; service began in 2014. The southern extension's opening date has not yet been set.[18]

T9

T9 is a tram line that runs between the

Porte de Choisy Paris Métro station and the centre of Orly
with a length of 10.3 km (6.4 mi) and 19 stops. Despite what its indice digit suggests, it opened after Tram Line 11 express. An extension south towards Orly is planned.

T10

T10 is a tram line from La Croix de Berny station in Antony to Clamart in the southwestern suburbs of Paris. It opened in 2023 with a length of 6.8 km (4.2 mi) and thirteen stops.

T11 Express

First "Express" tram line of the Parisian network — due to reusing the long-closed Grande Ceinture train line with only a handful of stations — Line T11 Express serves as the first of three lines to cover the former Grande Ceinture rail line and offers eventually a second circular railroad service around Paris, something the Paris public transport system sorely lacked for decades.

Line T11 Express opened in 2017 between the Épinay-sur-Seine and Le Bourget RER stations, the middle part of its expected full route between Sartrouville and Noisy-le-Sec RER stations. This full route project would make T11 the first tram line to connect every RER line currently in service.

T12 Express

T12 Express is a tram-train line between

Versailles-Chantiers, is planned and would take over Transilien line V between Massy and Versailles as well if entered.[19]

T13 Express

T13 Express is a tram-train line between Saint-Germain-en-Laye and Saint-Cyr-l'École train stations (RER C and Transilien lines N and U) via the westernmost point of the gardens of Versailles with a length of 18.8 km (11.7 mi) and 11 stops. It opened on 6 July 2022. No extensions are planned.

Tvm

The

RATP however considers it to be part of the T network, and is currently drawing plans for more BRT lines. The Tvm has been certified to be BRT with Silver Excellence in 2014.[20]

Network Map

Map


See also

References

  1. ^ "Trafic version en ligne journalier". omnil.fe (in French). Retrieved 5 September 2023.
  2. ^ "Trafic version en ligne annuel". omnil.fe (in French). Retrieved 5 September 2023.
  3. .
  4. ^ .
  5. .
  6. ^ "RATP's tram network in Île-de-France". RATP. Archived from the original on 26 October 2014. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i "2013, another year of the tram". RATP. Archived from the original on 26 October 2014. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  8. ^ a b c "BIENVENUE SUR LA LIGNE T4" [WELCOME TO THE T4 LINE]. sncf.com (in French). SNCF Transilien. 2013. Retrieved 13 September 2013.
  9. ^ a b c d "2014, the next year of the tram". RATP. Archived from the original on 25 December 2014. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  10. ^ "Paris opens tram Route T8". Railway Gazette International. 16 December 2014. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  11. ^ "T9 : ouverture le 10 avril - transportparis - Le webmagazine des transports parisiens". transportparis.canalblog.com (in French). 11 March 2021. Retrieved 14 March 2021.
  12. Trolley Wire
    issue 250 August 1992 pages 27/28
  13. ^ "Paris : Le tramway jusqu'à porte d'Asnières, c'est parti !". 23 November 2018.
  14. ^ "Tramway 5 - le T5 en ligne" [Tramway 5 - The T5 line] (in French). RATP. Retrieved 13 September 2013.
  15. ^ a b c "le T5 en ligne - Le projet - L'essentiel" [The T5 line - the project - essentials] (in French). RATP. Archived from the original on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 13 September 2013.
  16. ^ Un nouveau tram en banlieue anous.fr (in French)[dead link]
  17. ^ "Home - In Ile-de-France - Extending the network - Tramway - Créations : T5". Archived from the original on 20 April 2013. Retrieved 12 September 2013.
  18. ^ a b "Citadis remains popular in Paris". Railway Gazette International. 28 January 2011. Retrieved 12 July 2014.
  19. ^ Valérie, Pécresse (24 February 2017). "Protocole cadre du T12" (PDF). Retrieved 11 December 2023.
  20. ^ "BRT Rankings - Institute for Transportation and Development Policy". www.itdp.org. 24 July 2014. Retrieved 2 November 2022.

External links