Tharangambadi

Coordinates: 11°1′45″N 79°50′58″E / 11.02917°N 79.84944°E / 11.02917; 79.84944
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Tranquebar
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Tharangambadi
Tranquebar
Town
UTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
609313
Vehicle registrationTN 82-Z

Tharangambadi (Tamil:

British East India Company in 1845.[5]

Tharangambadi is the headquarters of

Karaikal at 26 km. It is served by Tharangambadi railway station
.

History

The place dates back to the 14th century. Masilamani nathar (Shiva) temple was built in 1306, in a land given by Maravarman Kulasekara Pandyan I. As of now, this temple is the oldest monument.[7] Until 1620, when the Danes came,[8][2] the place was under Thanjavur Nayak kingdom. Danish admiral Ove Gjedde felt the place would be a potential trading centre, made a deal with Raghunatha Nayak and built a fort, which is known as Fort Dansborg.[9]

A Jesuit Catholic congregation in Tranquebar predated the arrival of the Danes by several decades. This congregation descended from Tamil fishermen converted by Portuguese missionaries. There was also a sizable population[10] of Indo-Portuguese due to their presence nearby in Nagapattinam. The Catholic church was probably demolished to build the fort.[citation needed] This fort was the residence and headquarters of the governor and other officials for about 150 years. It is now a museum hosting a collection of artifacts from the colonial era.[11]

A view of the Danish settlement in Tranquebar with the Dansborg fortress in south east India, 1658
17th-Century Danish map of Tranquebar
A restored colonial house in Tranquebar
Town Gate

Among the first Protestant missionaries to set foot in India were two

Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg and Heinrich Pluetschau, who began work in 1705 in the Danish settlement of Tranquebar.[12] Ziegenbalg translated the Old and New Testaments into Tamil, imported a printing press, and printed the New Testament in Tamil in 1714.[13]

Bible translations into the

Tanjore.[12] Today Bishop of Tranquebar is the official title of a bishop in the Tamil Evangelical Lutheran Church (TELC) in South India which was founded in 1919 as a result of the German Lutheran Leipzig Mission and Church of Sweden Mission. The seat of the Bishop, the Cathedral and its Church House ("Tranquebar House") is in Tiruchirappalli
.

The

Moravian Brethren missionaries from Herrnhut, Saxony established the Brethren's Garden at Porayar near Tranquebar and operated it as a missionary centre for a number of years. An Italian Catholic Father Constanzo Beschi, who worked in the colony from 1711 to 1740, found himself in conflict with the Lutheran pioneers at Tranquebar, against whom he wrote several polemical works.[15]

Tranquebar was occupied by the British in February 1808 during the Napoleonic Wars but was restored to Denmark following the Treaty of Kiel in 1814.[2] Along with the Danish settlement of Serampore in Bengal, it was sold to the British in 1845.[8][16] Tranquebar was then still a busy port, but it later lost its importance after a railway was opened to Nagapattinam.[2]

The Subrahmanya Temple, Perambur, located in the outskirts of the town is one of the most prominent Murugan temples in the region.[17]

Tranquebar Museum

Antique items on display at the museum inside Fort Dansborg

The 17th and 18th century antiquities and relics from the

Vijayanagara empire and Thanjavur Nayak kingdom, which authorised, allowed, and sanctioned the aforementioned Danish port township connected with the colonial period and Danish settlement at Tharangampadi are exhibited.[16] The museum contains porcelain ware, Danish manuscripts, glass objects, Chinese tea jars, steatite lamps, decorated terracotta objects, figurines, lamps, stones, sculptures, swords, daggers, spears, sudai (stucco) figurines and wooden objects. There is also part of a whale skeleton, a giant sawfish rostrum and small cannonballs.[13]

New Jerusalem Church

New Jerusalem Church, Tranquebar
Zion Church

The New Jerusalem Church was built in 1718 by the Royal Danish missionary

Tranquebar, India which was at that time a Danish India colony.[18] The church is located on King Street,[19] and church services are conducted every Sunday.[20] The church, along with other buildings of the Tranquebar Mission was damaged during the tsunami of 2004, and were renovated at a cost of 7 million, and re-consecrated in 2006.[18][21]

Fort Dansborg

Construction of Fort Dansborg started in 1620. Many parts of the fort have been reconstructed several times. Dansborg is the second largest Danish fort ever constructed, with Kronborg in Helsingør being the largest. The rampart wall is a fairly large four sided structure, with bastions at each cardinal point. A single storied building was constructed along three inner sides of the rampart, with barracks, warehouse, kitchen, and jail. The rooms on the southern side remain in good condition, but the rooms on the western and northern sides have been substantially damaged. On the eastern side of the fort, there was a two storied building facing the sea. It was the main building of the fort. The vaulted lower storey served as a magazine and a warehouse, while the vaulted upper storey contained the church and the lodgings of the governor, the senior merchants, and the chaplain. The sea on the eastern and western side protected the fort. The fort was surrounded by a moat, access to the fort being over a drawbridge. The moat has completely disappeared. Interestingly, today, none of the fort's door openings and windows have doors in them. It is believed that during the end of their colonisation period, the Danish ran into financial issues. To make ends meet, they pulled out the metal doors, molded them into weapons and sold them.[22]

Demographics

As of 2001 India census,[23] Tharangambadi had a population of 20,841. Males constitute 48% of the population and females 52%. Tharangambadi has an average literacy rate of 74%, similar to the national average of 74.5%: male literacy is 79%, and female literacy is 69%. In Tharangambadi, 10% of the population is under 6 years of age.

Notable people

Gallery

  • Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg monument in Tranquebar
    Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg monument in Tranquebar
  • Fort Dansborg. Established in 1620 and partially renovated during 2002 by the Tranquebar Association. View from the governor's bungalow.
    Fort Dansborg. Established in 1620 and partially renovated during 2002 by the Tranquebar Association. View from the governor's bungalow.
  • Goldsmith Street, now restored by INTACH in Tranquebar
    Goldsmith Street, now restored by INTACH in Tranquebar
  • Zion Church at Tranquebar
    Zion Church at Tranquebar
  • Ziegenbalg Landing Plaque
    Ziegenbalg Landing Plaque

See also

flag India portal flag Denmark portal flag Norway portal

References

  1. ^ "Census of India: Search Details". Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 27 May 2014.
  2. ^ a b c d Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Tranquebar" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 27 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 169.
  3. ^ "Grundlæggelsen af kolonien Tranquebar, 1620-1630".
  4. ^ "A visit to Tranquebar, Denmark's forgotten outpost in India". CNN. 14 September 2023. Retrieved 14 September 2023.
  5. ^ "Tranquebar | lex.dk". Den Store Danske (in Danish). Retrieved 30 January 2021.
  6. ^ "Trankebar | lex.dk". Den Store Danske (in Danish). Retrieved 30 January 2021.
  7. ^ Lakshmi Sharath (2 February 2013). "Tryst with the coast". Deccan Herald. India.
  8. ^ a b Datta, Rangan (15 June 2023). "Tranquebar — A piece of Denmark on the coast of the Bay of Bengal". No. The Telegraph. My Kolkata. Retrieved 4 February 2023.
  9. ^ a b "Danish flavour". Frontline. India. 6 November 2009. Retrieved 5 August 2013.
  10. ^ Grønseth, Kristian (2007). "A Little Piece of Denmark in India", The Space and Places of a South Indian Town, and a Narrative of its Peoples. Oslo: University of Oslo. p. 29.
  11. ^ "Danish Fort Site Museum - Tranquebar | Department Of Archaeology". Tnarch.gov.in. Retrieved 11 August 2022.
  12. ^ a b Hull, Ernest Reginald (1910). "India" . In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 7. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  13. ^ a b Madhulika Liddle (8 August 2010). "The Missionary's footprints". Indian Express. India.
  14. ^ "The Indo-Danish Cultural Encounter with Special Reference to Print in the Eigteenth Century". 28 May 2011. Archived from the original on 28 May 2011. Retrieved 2 February 2022.
  15. ^ Hull, Ernest Reginald (1910). "Madura Mission" . In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 9. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  16. ^ a b "Tharangampadi - Introduction". Nagapattinam district administration, State government of Tamil Nadu. Retrieved 5 August 2013.
  17. .
  18. ^ a b "New Jerusalem Church rededicated". The Hindu. No. Tamil Nadu. 10 July 2006. Retrieved 24 August 2015.
  19. ^ "New Jerusalem Church founded in 1718 AD". Trip Advisor. 24 July 2015. Retrieved 24 August 2015.
  20. ^ Jayanth, Joseph (2 November 2012). "1718 church in Tranquebar". Pot of Thots. Retrieved 24 August 2015.
  21. ^ Imhoff, Frank (19 July 2006). "Tamil Lutherans Rededicate Tranquebar Mission Church in India". Worldwide Faith News. Retrieved 24 August 2015.
  22. ^ Abraham, Sharon (10 August 2021). "Tharangambadi - Tranquebar, the land where dancing waves sing eternally". Mittai Stories. Retrieved 6 September 2021.
  23. ^ "Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)". Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on 16 June 2004. Retrieved 1 November 2008.

External links