Trans-Europe Express (album)
Trans-Europe Express | ||||
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Studio album by | ||||
Released | March 1977 | |||
Recorded | 1976 | |||
Studio | Kling Klang (Düsseldorf, West Germany) | |||
Genre | ||||
Length | 42:45 | |||
Label | Kling Klang | |||
Producer | ||||
Kraftwerk chronology | ||||
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Alternative cover | ||||
Singles from Trans-Europe Express | ||||
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Trans-Europe Express (German: Trans Europa Express) is the sixth studio album by German band Kraftwerk. Recorded in 1976 in Düsseldorf, Germany, the album was released in March 1977 on Kling Klang Records. It saw the group refine their melodic electronic style, with a focus on sequenced rhythms, minimalism, and occasionally manipulated vocals. The themes include celebrations of the titular European railway service and Europe as a whole, and meditations on the disparities between reality and appearance.
Trans-Europe Express charted at 119 on the American charts and was ranked number 30 in The Village Voice's 1977 Pazz & Jop critics' poll. Two singles were released: "Trans-Europe Express" and "Showroom Dummies". The album has been re-released in several formats and continues to receive acclaim. In 2014, the Los Angeles Times called it "the most important pop album of the last 40 years".[2]
Background
After the release and tour for the album Radio-Activity, Kraftwerk continued to move further away from their earlier krautrock style of improvised instrumental music, refining their work more into the format of melodic electronic songs.[3] During the tour for Radio-Activity, the band began to make performance rules such as not to be drunk on stage or at parties. Karl Bartos wrote about these rules, stating that "it's not easy to turn knobs on a synthesizer if you are drunk or full of drugs. ... We always tried to keep very aware of what we were doing while acting in public."[3] During this tour, early melodies that would later evolve into the song "Showroom Dummies" were being performed.[4]
In mid-1976, Kraftwerk began to work on the album which was then called Europe Endless.
Recording
An important piece of new equipment used on the album was the Synthanorma Sequenzer, a customized 32-step 16-channel analog sequencer made for the band by Matten & Wiechers.[9][10][11][12][13] This allowed the construction of more elaborate sequenced synthesizer lines, which are featured prominently in the tracks "Franz Schubert" and "Endless Endless",[14][15] and liberated the player from the chore of playing repetitive keyboard patterns.
Whereas Radio-Activity had featured a mixture of German and English lyrics throughout the album, Trans-Europe Express went further and was mixed as two entirely separate versions, one sung in English, the other in German. At the recommendation of Maxime Schmitt, a French version of the song "Showroom Dummies", titled "Les Mannequins", was also recorded. "Les Mannequins" was the group's first song in French and would influence decisions to record songs in French on later albums.[5] After recording the album in Düsseldorf, Hütter and Schneider visited Los Angeles to mix the tracks at the Record Plant Studio.[6] Elements of the mixing sessions that were done in Los Angeles were dropped from the album, including the use of more upfront vocals in order to do more mixing in Düsseldorf and Hamburg later.[16][17]
Artwork
The artwork for the album cover of Trans-Europe Express was originally going to be a monochrome picture of the group reflected in a series of mirrors. This idea was dropped for a photo by New York-based celebrity photographer Maurice Seymour, with the group dressed in suits to resemble
Composition
Wolfgang Flür has stated Kraftwerk were influenced by the music of the
The musical style of Trans-Europe Express was described by AllMusic as melodic themes which are "repeated often and occasionally interwoven over deliberate, chugging beats, sometimes with manipulated vocals" and "minimalism, mechanized rhythms, and crafted, catchy melodies".
Release
Trans-Europe Express was originally released in March 1977.
In October 2009, a
Critical reception
Review scores | |
---|---|
Source | Rating |
Encyclopedia of Popular Music | [41] |
The Independent | [42] |
Mojo | [43] |
Q | [44] |
Rolling Stone | [45] |
The Rolling Stone Album Guide | [46] |
Spin Alternative Record Guide | 9/10[47] |
Uncut | [48] |
Initial reviews for Trans-Europe Express were positive. Music critic Robert Christgau, in a review for The Village Voice, wrote that the album's "textural effects sound like parodies by some cosmic schoolboy of every lush synthesizer surge that's ever stuck in your gullet—yet also work the way those surges are supposed to work".[49] Trans-Europe Express placed at number 30 in The Village Voice's 1977 Pazz & Jop critics' poll.[50]
Modern reception has been very favorable. Trans-Europe Express has the highest possible ratings from publications including AllMusic, Drowned in Sound, Mojo, Rolling Stone and Slant Magazine.[22][37][43][45][23] Steve Huey of AllMusic wrote that the album "is often cited as perhaps the archetypal (and most accessible) Kraftwerk album ... Overall, Trans-Europe Express offers the best blend of minimalism, mechanized rhythms, and crafted, catchy melodies in the group's catalog".[22] Q, in a 1995 review, wrote that the album "changed the face of American dance music" and was "one of the most compelling beats of this or any other era".[51] In 2009, Drowned in Sound's Chris Power stated that "Trans-Europe Express is all at once antique, timeless, retro and contemporary. Its status as modern electronic music's birth certificate is well-earned, but its hallowed reputation should never be allowed to disguise its true value and power as a work of art. Nor should it obscure a longevity that, 32 years on, we might as well start calling by its real name: immortality".[37]
Trans-Europe Express has also appeared on top album lists from a variety of sources. In 2001, TV network VH1 placed Trans-Europe Express at number 56 on their list of "100 Greatest Albums (of Rock & Roll) of All Time".[52] In 2002, Slant Magazine placed the album at number one on their list of the greatest electronic albums of the 20th century.[53] In 2003, Rolling Stone placed the album at number 253 on their list of "The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time",[54] with the ranking dropping to number 256 in a 2012 revision and climbing to number 238 in the 2020 reboot of the list.[55][56] Channel 4 placed the album at number 71 on their list of the 100 greatest albums.[57] In 2004, the online music website Pitchfork listed Trans-Europe Express as 6th best album of the 1970s, stating that "the day will soon come, if it hasn't already, that Trans-Europe Express joins the ranks of Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band and Exile on Main St. as a record that simply cannot be written about".[58]
Legacy
Sal Cinquemani of Slant Magazine described the album's influence as "unprecedented, reaching as wide as rock (Radiohead's Kid A), hip-hop (Afrika Bambaataa's classic 'Planet Rock', Jay Dee's recent 'Big Booty Express') and pop (Madonna's Drowned World Tour, which incorporated samples of 'Metal on Metal')".[23]
In the late 1970s, the album influenced post-punk band Joy Division; bassist Peter Hook related: "We were introduced to Kraftwerk by [singer] Ian Curtis, who insisted we play Trans Europe Express before we went on stage every time. The tape was played at the venue over the PA system, to be heard by everyone. The first time was Pips [a Manchester club well known for its 'Bowie Room']. Ian got thrown out for kicking glass around the dance floor in time to the track. It took us ages of pleading to get him back in."[59] Drummer Stephen Morris also confirmed that Joy Division "used to play Trans-Europe Express before we went on stage, to get us into the zone. It worked because it gets up a lot of momentum. Trans-Europe Express just seemed to express an optimism – even if people see it as machine music". Morris also said: "It reminds me of Cabaret, the film, with all of the 1920s singing. ... When you get that marriage between humans and machines, and you get it right, it's fantastic. I have to say it's my favourite Kraftwerk album."[60] In the mid-1980s, Siouxsie and the Banshees' rendition of "The Hall of Mirrors", on their album Through the Looking Glass, was one of the few cover versions that Ralf Hütter hailed in glowing terms as "extraordinary".[61]
Accolades
Publication | Country | Accolade | Year | Rank | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Blender | United States | 500 CDs You Must Own Before You Die[62] | 2003 | * | |
Paste | The 70 Best Albums of the 1970s[63] | 2012 | 47 | ||
Pitchfork | Top 100 Albums of the 1970s[64] | 2004 | 6 | ||
Robert Dimery | 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die[65] | 2005 | * | ||
Rolling Stone | The Rolling Stone 200: The Essential Rock Collection[66] | 1997 | * | ||
The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time[67][68][55] | 2003 | 253 | |||
2012 | 256 | ||||
2020 | 238 | ||||
Slant Magazine | The 25 Greatest Electronic Albums of the 20th Century[69] | 2005 | 1 | ||
Tom Moon | 1,000 Recordings to Hear Before You Die[70] | 2008 | * | ||
VH1 | The 100 Greatest Albums of Rock & Roll[71] | 2001 | 56 | ||
Vibe | 100 Essential Albums of the 20th Century[72] | 1999 | * | ||
Channel 4 | United Kingdom | 125 Nominations for the 100 Greatest Albums[73] | 2005 | * | |
GQ | The 100 Coolest Albums in the World Right Now![74] | 2005 | 86 | ||
Gary Mulholland | 261 Greatest Albums Since Punk and Disco[75] | 2006 | * | ||
Mojo | The 100 Greatest Albums Ever Made[citation needed] | 1995 | 48 | ||
The Mojo Collection: The Greatest Albums of All Time... and How They Happened[citation needed] | 2003 | * | |||
70 of the Greatest Albums of the 70s[citation needed] | 2006 | * | |||
Muzik | The 50 Most Influential Records of All Time[76] | 1999 | 8 | ||
Top 50 Dance Albums of All Time[77] | 2002 | 9 | |||
NME | Albums of the Year (honorable mentions)[78] | 1977 | * | ||
All Times Top 100 Albums[79] | 1985 | 38 | |||
100 Best Albums of All Time[80] | 2003 | 36 | |||
The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time[81] | 2013 | 81 | |||
Paul Morley | Words and Music, 5 × 100 Greatest Albums of All Time[82] | 2013 | * | ||
Q | The 50 Best Albums of the 70s[83] | 1998 | 9 | ||
Sounds | Albums of the Year[84] | 1977 | 13 | ||
The 100 Best Albums of All Time[85] | 1985 | 48 | |||
The Observer | 50 Albums That Changed Music 1956-2006[86] | 2006 | 3 | ||
The Times | The 20 Most Influential Albums[87] | 2008 | 11 | ||
Uncut | 100 Rock and Movie Icons[citation needed] | 2005 | 23 | ||
The Wire | The 100 Most Important Records Ever Made[88] | 1992 | * | ||
Adresseavisen | Norway | The 100 (+23) Best Albums of All Time[citation needed] | 1995 | 15 | |
Panorama | The 30 Best Albums of the Year 1970-98[89] | 1999 | 16 | ||
Pop | Sweden | The World's 100 Best Albums + 300 Complements[citation needed] | 1994 | 101 | |
Max | Germany | The 50 Best Albums of All Time[citation needed] | 1997 | 22 | |
Musik Express/Sounds | The 100 Masterpieces[citation needed] | 1993 | 94 | ||
The 50 Best German Records[citation needed] | 2001 | 15 | |||
RoRoRo Rock-Lexicon | Most Recommended Albums[citation needed] | 2003 | * | ||
Rolling Stone | The Best Albums of 5 Decades[90] | 1997 | * | ||
The 500 Best Albums of All Time[91] | 2004 | 325 | |||
Sounds | The 50 Best Albums of the 1970s[citation needed] | 2009 | 10 | ||
Spex | The 100 Albums of the Century[citation needed] | 1999 | 35 | ||
(*) designates lists that are unordered. |
Commercial performance
Trans-Europe Express charted higher in the United States than Kraftwerk's previous album Radio-Activity by peaking at number 117 on the Billboard Top LPs & Tapes chart.[92][93] "Trans-Europe Express" and "Showroom Dummies" were released as singles from the album.[94] "Trans-Europe Express" charted on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1977 where it peaked at number 67.[92] Trans-Europe Express began charting in the United Kingdom in the 1980s. The album entered the charts on 6 February 1982, staying in the charts for seven weeks and peaking at number 49.[95] The re-released single for "Showroom Dummies" (a remix with additional drums) entered the charts on 20 February 1982, staying on the charts for five weeks and peaking at number 25.[96]
Track listing
No. | Title | Lyrics | Music | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
1. | "Europe Endless" ("Europa Endlos") | Hütter | 9:40 | |
2. | "The Hall of Mirrors" ("Spiegelsaal") |
| Hütter | 7:56 |
3. | "Showroom Dummies" ("Schaufensterpuppen") | Hütter | Hütter | 6:15 |
Total length: | 23:51 |
No. | Title | Lyrics | Music | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
4. | "Trans-Europe Express" ("Trans Europa Express") |
| Hütter | 6:52 |
5. | "Metal on Metal" ("Metall auf Metall") | Hütter | 2:11 | |
6. | "Abzug[a]" | Hütter | 4:53 | |
7. | "Franz Schubert" | Hütter | 4:26 | |
8. | "Endless Endless" ("Endlos Endlos") |
| 0:55 | |
Total length: | 19:17 (42:45) |
Notes
- ^[a] While "Abzug" (English meaning "trigger" or "departure") appeared originally as a separate track on all pressings of Trans Europa Express, later releases of Trans-Europe Express combined "Abzug" and "Metal on Metal" together under the latter track's title, at a running time of 6:52. On both 2009 reissues of Trans Europa Express and Trans-Europe Express, however, "Abzug" is presented as a separate track.
Personnel
Adapted from Trans-Europe Express liner notes.[38][97]
Kraftwerk
Technical
|
Design
|
Charts
Weekly charts
Chart (1977–1982) | Peak position |
---|---|
French Albums ( SNEP)[98]
|
2 |
German Albums (Offizielle Top 100)[99] | 32 |
Hungarian Albums (MAHASZ)[100] | 38 |
Italian Albums (FIMI)[101] | 8 |
Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)[102] | 32 |
UK Albums (OCC)[95] | 49 |
US Billboard Top LPs & Tapes[92] | 119 |
Certifications
Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
---|---|---|
United Kingdom (BPI)[103] | Silver | 60,000* |
* Sales figures based on certification alone. |
References
Footnotes
- ISBN 978-0-141-98675-3.
- ^ a b Roberts, Randall (7 March 2014). "Kraftwerk's 'Trans Europe Express' started the musical revolution". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 28 June 2021. Retrieved 26 October 2016.
- ^ a b Bussy 2004, p. 82.
- ^ Bussy 2004, p. 81.
- ^ a b c d e Bussy 2004, p. 93.
- ^ a b c Bussy 2004, p. 83.
- ^ a b Bussy 2004, p. 92.
- ^ a b c Doran, John (11 March 2009). "Karl Bartos Interviewed: Kraftwerk And The Birth Of The Modern". The Quietus. Archived from the original on 5 January 2013. Retrieved 21 October 2009.
- ^ "Aktivitaet Online - Archive - General articles". Archived from the original on 2 April 2007. Retrieved 2 April 2007.
- ^ "Der Kraftwerk-Synthanorma" (in German). Synthesizerstudio Bonn. Archived from the original on 16 November 2018. Retrieved 14 November 2018.
- ^ "Matten & Wiechers" (in German). Synthesizerstudio Bonn. Archived from the original on 5 August 2018. Retrieved 14 November 2018.
- ^ "Dirk Matten & Kraftwerk" (in German). Synthesizerstudio Bonn. Archived from the original on 14 November 2018. Retrieved 14 November 2018.
- ^ "Von Unten Nach Oben" (in German). Synthesizerstudio Bonn. Archived from the original on 14 November 2018. Retrieved 14 November 2018.
- ^ Matten, Dirk. "Synthanorma Modell 316" (PDF) (in German). Synthesizerstudio Bonn. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 August 2010. Retrieved 23 October 2009.
- ^ Flür 2003, pp. 133–134.
- ^ Bussy 2004, p. 86.
- ^ "Kraftwerk - Gearslutz". www.gearslutz.com. Archived from the original on 14 November 2018. Retrieved 14 November 2018.
- ^ a b Bussy 2004, p. 88.
- ^ a b Bussy 2004, p. 89.
- ^ Thompson, Dave. "Europe Endless – Kraftwerk". AllMusic. Archived from the original on 30 June 2021. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
- ^ a b Bussy 2004, p. 90.
- ^ a b c d e Huey, Steve. "Trans-Europe Express – Kraftwerk". AllMusic. Archived from the original on 6 June 2012. Retrieved 16 January 2011.
- ^ a b c Cinquemani, Sal (2 November 2002). "Kraftwerk: Trans-Europe Express". Slant Magazine. Archived from the original on 15 September 2020. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
- ^ Blenkinsop et al. 2013, p. 370.
- ^ Rubin, Mike (4 December 2009). "Who Knew That Robots Were Funky?". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 5 August 2017. Retrieved 26 October 2016.
- ^ Thompson, Dave. "Showroom Dummies – Kraftwerk". AllMusic. Archived from the original on 30 June 2021. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
- ^ a b Mason, Stewart. "Trans-Europe Express – Kraftwerk". AllMusic. Archived from the original on 28 June 2021. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
- ^ a b Bussy 2004, p. 94.
- ^ Bussy 2004, p. 84.
- ^ Bussy 2004, p. 85.
- ^ Nusser, Dick (22 October 1977). "Kraftwerk's Electric Plant Pulsating Funky Success". Billboard. Vol. 89, no. 42. New York. p. 67. Archived from the original on 10 November 2021. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
- ^ "The Man-Machine – Kraftwerk | Credits". AllMusic. Archived from the original on 21 July 2019. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
- ^ "Kraftwerk". Astralwerks. Archived from the original on 14 August 2010. Retrieved 29 August 2010.
- ^ "Kraftwerk – Trans-Europe Express". Mute Records. Archived from the original on 27 February 2019. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
- ^ "Kraftwerk // Trans Europa Express (Remaster-CD)". EMI. Archived from the original on 29 June 2010. Retrieved 29 August 2010.
- ^ "Kraftwerk // Trans Europa Express (Remaster-Vinyl)". EMI. Archived from the original on 29 June 2010. Retrieved 29 August 2010.
- ^ a b c Power, Chris (13 October 2009). "Album Review: Kraftwerk – Trans-Europe Express Remastered". Drowned in Sound. Archived from the original on 16 October 2009. Retrieved 20 October 2009.
- ^ a b Kraftwerk (2009). Trans-Europe Express (CD) (digital remaster ed.). Mute Records. CDSTUMM305.
- ^ Bussy 2004, p. 212.
- ^ Christgau 1981.
- ^ Larkin 2011.
- ^ Gill, Andy (13 October 2009). "Album: Kraftwerk, Trans Europe Express (Mute)". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on 4 November 2012. Retrieved 22 October 2009.
- ^ a b Snow, Mat (November 2009). "Gut Vibrations". Mojo. No. 192. London. p. 110.
- ^ "Kraftwerk: Trans-Europe Express". Q. London. 2009. p. 116.
[I]t's famed for its title track, though its most perfect piece is 'Europe Endless,' another glorious evocation of motion...
- ^ a b Blashill, Pat (22 October 2002). "Trans-Europe Express". Rolling Stone. New York. Archived from the original on 7 May 2020. Retrieved 10 November 2017.
- ^ Coleman & Randall 2004, pp. 468–469.
- ^ Reynolds 1995, p. 215.
- ^ Cavanagh, David (16 October 2009). "Uncut reviews: Kraftwerk – Reissues". Uncut. London. Archived from the original on 5 December 2010. Retrieved 22 October 2009.
- ^ Christgau, Robert (25 April 1977). "Christgau's Consumer Guide". The Village Voice. New York. Archived from the original on 3 January 2010. Retrieved 22 October 2009.
- ^ "The 1977 Pazz & Jop Critics Poll". The Village Voice. New York. 23 January 1978. Archived from the original on 4 March 2013. Retrieved 22 October 2009.
- ^ "Kraftwerk: Trans-Europe Express". Q. No. 104. London. May 1995. p. 123.
- ^ "100 greatest albums of rock & roll (60 – 41)". VH1. Archived from the original on 9 January 2004. Retrieved 8 August 2014.
- ^ Cinquemani, Sal (30 June 2002). "25/20: The 25 Greatest Electronic Albums of the 20th Century". Slant Magazine. Archived from the original on 28 October 2020. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
- ^ "500 Greatest Albums of All Time: Trans-Europe Express – Kraftwerk". Rolling Stone. New York. 18 November 2003. Archived from the original on 20 December 2010. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
- ^ a b "The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time - Rolling Stone". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 21 May 2021. Retrieved 30 May 2021.
- ^ "500 Greatest Albums of All Time". Rolling Stone. New York. 31 May 2012. Archived from the original on 31 March 2019. Retrieved 10 September 2019.
- ^ "The 100 Greatest Albums". Channel 4. Archived from the original on 9 March 2009. Retrieved 22 October 2009.
- ^ Leone, Dominique (23 June 2004). "The 100 Best Albums of the 1970s – 6. Kraftwerk: Trans-Europe Express". Pitchfork. p. 10. Archived from the original on 17 March 2009. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
- ^ Albiez & Pattie 2011, p. 172.
- ^ Hewitt, Ben (7 December 2010). "Bakers Dozen: Joy Division & New Order's Stephen Morris On His Top 13 Albums". The Quietus. Archived from the original on 1 August 2013. Retrieved 1 August 2013.
- ^ Ruffilli, Bruno (22 August 2003). "Intervista: I Kraftwerk, redeirelettronica: "Partiamo per il Tour de France"". La Stampa (in Italian). Turin. p. 29. Archived from the original on 18 March 2017. Retrieved 30 April 2017.
In genere lo consideriamo un apprezzamento per il nostro lavoro. La versione di Siouxsie di "Hall Of Mirrors" è straordinaria, come gli arrangiamenti di Alexander Balanescu per quartetto d'archi. Anche il disco di Señor Coconut ci è piaciuto molto.
- ISSN 1534-0554.
- ^ "The 70 Best Albums of the 1970s". Paste. 7 January 2020. Archived from the original on 7 August 2023. Retrieved 15 December 2023.
- ^ "The 100 Best Albums of the 1970s". Pitchfork. 23 June 2004. Archived from the original on 27 August 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2023.
- ISBN 978-0-7893-2074-2 – via Internet Archive.
- ISSN 0035-791X.
- ISSN 0035-791X.
- from the original on 31 March 2019. Retrieved 15 December 2023.
- ^ Cinquemani, Sal (30 June 2002). "25/20: The 25 Greatest Electronic Albums of the 20th Century". Slant Magazine. Archived from the original on 28 October 2020. Retrieved 15 December 2023.
- ISBN 978-0-7611-3963-8. Archived from the originalon 12 December 2009.
- ^ Collins, Dan (4 January 2001). "VH1 Offers Best Album List". CBS News. Archived from the original on 16 December 2023. Retrieved 16 December 2023.
- ISSN 1070-4701.
- ^ "The 100 Greatest Albums – Nominations". Channel 4. Archived from the original on 21 March 2005. Retrieved 16 December 2023.
- British GQ. No. 194. August 2005. p. 122.
- ISBN 978-0-7528-8243-7 – via Internet Archive.
- ISSN 1358-541X.
- ISSN 1358-541X.
- ^ "The NME Collective's '77 Selection". NME. London. 24 December 1977. p. 51.
- ^ "NME's Top 100 LPs". NME. London. 30 November 1985. pp. 12, 45.
- ^ "NME's 100 Best Albums of All Time!". NME. London. 8 March 2003. pp. 35–42.
- IPC Media. 26 October 2013. p. 63. Archivedfrom the original on 28 April 2020. Retrieved 13 December 2023.
- ISBN 0-7475-5778-0 – via Internet Archive.
- ISSN 0955-4955.
- ^ "The Sounds 1977 Albums of the Year". Sounds. 24 December 1977. pp. 8–9.
- ^ "Sounds All-Time Top 100 Albums". Sounds. 7 December 1985. poster.
- ^ "The 50 albums that changed music". The Observer. 16 July 2006. Archived from the original on 8 October 2014. Retrieved 15 December 2023.
- ^ Edwards, Mark (3 February 2008). "The most influential albums ever". The Times. Archived from the original on 15 December 2023. Retrieved 15 December 2023.
- ^ Gray, Louise (June 1992). "The 100 Most Important Records Ever Made". The Wire. No. 100. London. p. 52.
- ^ "Årets Album – 1977". Panorama (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 18 November 1999. Retrieved 16 December 2023.
- ^ "Die Musikalischen Meilensteine der '70er". Rolling Stone (in German). No. 36. October 1997. p. 63.
- ^ "Das Jubiläums-Special: Die 500 besten Alben aller Zeiten". Rolling Stone (in German). November 2004.
- ^ a b c "Trans-Europe Express – Kraftwerk | Awards". AllMusic. Archived from the original on 13 July 2012. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
- ^ Bussy 2004, p. 95.
- ^ Strong 1998, p. 454.
- ^ a b "Kraftwerk". Official Charts Company. Archived from the original on 8 October 2020. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
- ^ Warwick, Kutner & Brown 2004, pp. 612–613.
- ^ Kraftwerk (1987). Trans-Europe Express (CD). Capitol Records. CDP 7 46473 2.
- ^ "Le Détail des Albums de chaque Artiste" (in French). InfoDisc. Archived from the original on 7 January 2018. Retrieved 12 October 2020. Select KRAFTWERK from the drop-down menu and then press OK.
- GfK Entertainment Charts. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
- ^ "Album Top 40 slágerlista – 2020. 42. hét" (in Hungarian). MAHASZ. Retrieved 22 October 2020.
- ^ Salvatori 1999, p. 280.
- ^ "Swedishcharts.com – Kraftwerk – Trans-Europe Express". Hung Medien. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
- ^ "British album certifications – Kraftwerk – Trans-Europe Express". British Phonographic Industry. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
Works cited
- Albiez, Sean; Pattie, David (2011). Kraftwerk: Music Non-Stop. ISBN 978-1441191366. Archivedfrom the original on 3 June 2016. Retrieved 13 March 2016.
- Blenkinsop, Ian; et al. (2013). "Club Culture". Music: The Definitive Visual History. ISBN 9781465421265. Archivedfrom the original on 10 November 2021. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
- Bussy, Pascal (2004). Kraftwerk: Man, Machine and Music. SAF Publishing Ltd. ISBN 0-946719-70-5. Retrieved 20 October 2009.
- Christgau, Robert (1981). "K". ISBN 0-89919-026-X. Archivedfrom the original on 2 May 2021. Retrieved 28 February 2019 – via robertchristgau.com.
- Coleman, Mark; Randall, Mac (2004). "Kraftwerk". In ISBN 0-7432-0169-8.
- ISBN 1-86074-417-6.
- ISBN 978-0-85712-595-8.
- ISBN 0-679-75574-8.
- Salvatori, Dario (1999). 40 anni di Hit Parade in Italia. Tarab. ISBN 9788886675550.
- ISBN 88-09-21522-2. Retrieved 21 October 2009.
- Warwick, Neil; Kutner, Jon; Brown, Tony (2004). The Complete Book of the British Charts: Singles and Albums. Omnibus Press. ISBN 1-84449-058-0. Archivedfrom the original on 25 February 2012. Retrieved 21 October 2009.
External links
- Trans-Europe Express at Discogs (list of releases)
- Trans Europe Express on Spotify (listen)
- Kraftwerk official website