Trans man

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)

A young Black man dressed in vest and tie, with leg crossed over his knee and his chin resting on his hand. He looks off-camera to the left.
Kye Allums, the first openly transgender NCAA Division I college athlete.

A trans man (short for transgender man) is a

assigned female at birth. Trans men have a male gender identity, and many trans men undergo medical and social transition to alter their appearance in a way that aligns with their gender identity or alleviates gender dysphoria.[1]

Terminology

A handsome Black man in a blue suit standing in front of an awards ceremony backdrop.
Brian Michael Smith, award-winning actor
A thin, white man gazing at the camera, wearing a black hoodie, with a snowy background.
Elliot Page, Canadian actor and producer.
Elliot Fletcher, American actor.
A smiling young man of white, Korean, and Filipino descent, standing at a podium, gesturing with one hand.
Thomas Beatie, an American public speaker, author, and advocate for transgender reproductive rights.

The

assigned sex. Trans men who transition are commonly referred to as female-to-male (FTM or F2M).[2]

The term transsexual originated in the medical and psychological communities, and is generally considered a subset of

sex reassignment therapy. Many trans people prefer the labels transgender or trans, considering them more inclusive and less stigmatizing.[3][4] However, others, such as Buck Angel, reject the label of transgender.[5][6] The GLAAD media reference guide advises against describing people as transsexual, except for individuals who explicitly identify as such.[7]

assigned female at birth and may have an identity that is partially masculine but not entirely male.[8][9]

The alternate spelling transman is sometimes used interchangeably. However, like transwoman, it is often associated with trans-exclusionary views which hold that trans men are distinct from men, and thus require a separate word to describe them.[10] For this reason many transgender people find the spelling offensive.[10]

Transitioning

Buck Angel, an American actor, producer, and sex educator
Ian Harvie, an American comedian and openly transgender man.

Originally, the term trans men referred specifically to female-to-male

sex reassignment surgery (SRS), or both. The definition of transition has broadened to include theories of psychological development or complementary methods of self-acceptance.[11][12] Many of those who identify as transgender may face gender dysphoria
.

Transsexual and transgender men may seek medical interventions such as hormones and surgery to make their bodies as congruent as possible with their gender presentation. However, many transgender and transsexual men cannot afford or choose not to undergo surgery or hormone replacement therapy.

Many who have not undergone top surgery choose to bind their breasts. There are a few different methods of binding, including using sports bras and specially made binders (which can be vest-type, or wrap-around style). Tape or bandages are often depicted in popular culture.

Some trans men might also decide to

sexual activity
(known as "pack-and-play").

Transitioning might involve some or all of the following steps:

better source needed
]

Being socially accepted as male (sometimes known as passing) may be challenging for trans men who have not undergone HRT and/or surgery.[15][16] Some trans men may choose to present as female in certain social situations (e.g. at work).[15][16] After physical transition, trans men usually live full-time as male.[15][16] However, some transmasculine individuals might choose to use and engage their bodies to be pregnant, birth a baby, and breastfeed.[17][18]

Prevalence, identity and relationships

In the United States, the ratio of trans men within the general population is unclear, but estimates range between 1:2,000 and 1:100,000.

better source needed] A U.S. Census Bureau study in 2015 suggests that there were around 58,000 name changes in census records consistent with female to male transitions although only 7,500 of these changed their sex coding as well.[22][failed verification
]

In a study by Kara Devaney, entitled Transgender Research Literature Review, it is addressed that the term transgender encompasses a myriad of different and unique identities that do not follow the "normal" rules of gender.[citation needed]Miriam J. Abelson writes, "There is no question that trans men's experiences are men's experiences and give insight about men, masculinity, and gender inequality."[23]

Like

same-gender loving (12%).[28]

Some trans men date heterosexual women, while other trans men date queer-identified women; the latter might be because queer-identified women are less invested in the gender and sexual anatomy of a person when it comes to selecting an intimate partner.[27] It is also common for trans men to have histories with the lesbian community or to feel that they identify better with that community because of its wide acceptance of gender variance, with a number of trans men having identified as lesbian (often as a "butch lesbian") before realizing that they are instead transgender.[26][27][29]

Trans men have less success integrating socially within

phallocentric.[27][30][31] Yitzchak et al. state that, as a result, they more commonly see gay trans men partnering with each other than with cisgender gay men.[27] There are, however, cases of women being likelier than men to thoroughly question trans men about their motivations for modifying their bodies.[30]

Some scholars argue against assumptions that trans men are predominantly heterosexual and usually have lesbian histories. In scholars Dan Irving and Rupert Raj's book Trans Activism in Canada, researchers state, "There is still a common misperception that trans men are largely heterosexual amongst those who conflate gender identity and sexual orientation. It is frequently assumed that trans men are exclusively attracted to women and have lesbian histories prior to transition." They add, "Recent data from the Trans PULSE project (Bauer, Redman, Bradley, & Scheim, 2013) challenge this assumption, with 63 percent of female-to-male spectrum trans people in Ontario reporting non-heterosexual identities and/or past-year sex with trans or non-trans men." They also argue that, based on some research, "many non-trans gay men have welcomed trans men into gay communities and have increasingly recognized trans men as potential sexual and romantic partners."[32]

Chaz Bono, musician, writer and actor, whose parents are Cher and Sonny Bono.

Health

Trans men and transmasculine people often face difficulty and discrimination receiving medical treatment, due to both

top surgery.[33] HIV infection between trans men and others is still increasing.[34]

Reproductive health

Trans men with an intact

contraceptives they may want or need. Trans men can use barrier methods, oral contraceptives, IUDs, and other methods of contraception while taking testosterone.[38]

Trans men must discontinue testosterone while attempting to conceive, while pregnant, and while breastfeeding, because high levels of testosterone during pregnancy can cause

urogenital system of a female fetus.[38]

Trans men experience issues during pregnancy not experienced by pregnant women. For example, trans men may experience discrimination on the base of their gender while receiving obstetric care. Many providers are unfamiliar with the needs of transgender patients. Additionally, some men report that being pregnant made their gender dysphoria worse.[39]

Trans men in sports

Despite the 2020s restrictions on transgender children and adults participation in athletics, trans boys and men have competed in many individual and team sports at high school, college, and professional levels. Early known examples of trans men who competed at international levels were often competitors in women's championships, and came out as trans men later in life. They include

taekwando
competitor in the 2000 Summer Olympics.

More recently, Chris Mosier, a duathlon and triathlon competitor on the US National team in duathlon, successfully challenged the International Olympic Committee former policy that required surgery before transgender athletes could compete.[45][46][47] Mosier's challenge led to the creation and adoption of new IOC guidelines for the participation of transgender athletes and in World Championships.[48] Mosier was considered the catalyst for change in the policy in January 2016,[49] after he successfully advocated for change in the policy[50] Another Olympic team athlete, former member of Japan's Olympic fencing team Fumino Sugiyama, is now a transgender rights activist and works to promote acceptance and participation of trans athletes in Japanese sports.[51]

sex assigned at birth.[54]
)

In basketball, noted trans men include

Iditarod dogsledding race in 2020.[59]

Discrimination

Transgender men can face discrimination as a result of their status as trans men. Such discrimination may include sexual violence.[60]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ occasionally spelled trans*, using the asterisk (*) as a wildcard character

References

  1. PMID 26270284
    .
  2. .
  3. from the original on 11 March 2022. Retrieved 14 May 2022. The use of terminology by transsexual individuals to self-identify varies. As aforementioned, many transsexual individuals prefer the term transgender, or simply trans, as it is more inclusive and carries fewer stigmas. There are some transsexual individuals, however, who reject the term transgender; these individuals view transsexualism as a treatable congenital condition. Following medical and/or surgical transition, they live within the binary as either a man or a woman and may not disclose their transition history.
  4. ^ A Swenson, Medical Care of the Transgender Patient, in Family Medicine (2014): "While some transsexual people still prefer to use the term to describe themselves, many transgender people prefer the term transgender to transsexual."
  5. ^ "Transsexualism". Gender Centre. March 2014. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 5 July 2016. Transsexualism is often included within the broader term 'transgender', which is generally considered an umbrella term for people who do not conform to typically accepted gender roles for the sex they were assigned at birth. The term 'transgender' is a word employed by activists to encompass as many groups of gender diverse people as possible. However, many of these groups individually don't identify with the term. Many health clinics and services set up to serve gender variant communities employ the term, however most of the people using these services again don't identify with this term. The rejection of this political category by those that it is designed to cover clearly illustrates the difference between self-identification and categories that are imposed by observers to understand other people.
  6. ^ @BuckAngel (10 April 2019). "Transsexual is my identity and where I came from. [...] Transgender does not represent me" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  7. ^ "GLAAD Media Reference Guide – Transgender Terms". GLAAD. 22 February 2022. Retrieved 4 June 2022.
  8. PMID 27183978
    .
  9. ^ "Definition of transmasculine". Dictionary.com. Retrieved 8 September 2016.
  10. ^ a b German Lopez, Why you should always use "transgender" instead of "transgendered", Vox, February 18, 2015
  11. ^ "Hudson's Guide: FTM Basics: Terminology". Hudson's FTM Resource Guide. Retrieved 22 February 2015.
  12. ^ "Glossary of Terms and Usage". Hebrew Union College – Jewish Institute of Religion. Archived from the original on 19 May 2014. Retrieved 22 February 2015.
  13. ^ "What is transition?". FTM Australia. 14 April 2007. Archived from the original on 25 July 2008. Retrieved 4 June 2022.
  14. S2CID 11480289
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  17. .
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  19. ^ Conway, Lynn (17 December 2002). "Estimating the Prevalence of Transsexualism".
  20. The Advocate (LGBT magazine)
    . Retrieved 22 February 2015.
  21. ^ Rohde, Maggi (1996). "FAQ - Transgenderism". The Alliance of Les-Bi-Gay-Transgender and Straight Ally Students, Michigan State University. Archived from the original on 20 May 2008. Retrieved 4 June 2022.
  22. ^ Cerf-Harris, Benjamin (4 May 2015). Likely Transgender Individuals in U.S. Federal Administrative Records and the 2010 Census (PDF) (Report). U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 January 2017. Retrieved 4 June 2022.
  23. .
  24. .
  25. ^ "Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Definitions". Human Rights Campaign. Retrieved 4 June 2022.
  26. ^ . Retrieved 10 January 2016.
  27. ^ . Retrieved 10 January 2016.
  28. ^ a b James, Sandy E.; Herman, Jody L.; Rankin, Susan; Keisling, Mara; Mottet, Lisa; Anafi, Ma'ayan (December 2016). "The Report of the 2015 U.S. Transgender Survey" (PDF). Washington, DC: National Center for Transgender Equality. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 May 2022. Retrieved 4 June 2022.
  29. . Retrieved 10 January 2016.
  30. ^ . Retrieved 10 January 2016.
  31. .
  32. . Retrieved 10 January 2016.
  33. .
  34. .
  35. .
  36. .
  37. ^ Hattenstone, Simon (20 April 2019). "The dad who gave birth: 'Being pregnant doesn't change me being a trans man'". The Guardian. Retrieved 4 June 2022.
  38. ^
    PMID 34426447
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  40. ^ Zdena/Zdeněk Koubková/Koubek. encyklopedie.brna.cz
  41. .
  42. ^ Foerster, Maxime (2006). Histoire des transsexuels en France. Béziers: H&O.
  43. ^ "BRESOLES Pierre". Retrieved 8 July 2020.
  44. ^ Andreas Krieger: Heidi's Farthest Throw, retrieved 16 August 2021[dead YouTube link]
  45. ^ "Trans triathlete Chris Mosier may be barred from competing at World Championships". Outsports. 21 January 2016. Retrieved 19 August 2016.
  46. ^ "Olympic News - Official Source of Olympic News". Olympic.org. 14 June 2016. Retrieved 19 August 2016.
  47. ^ ThinkProgress. "The Olympics Are Now Much Friendlier For Transgender Athletes — ThinkProgress". Thinkprogress.org. Retrieved 19 August 2016.
  48. ^ "Exclusive: Read the Olympics' new transgender guidelines that will not mandate surgery". Outsports. 22 January 2016. Retrieved 19 August 2016.
  49. ^ "The Trans Athlete Behind the Olympic Committee's New Gender Policy". The Cut. Retrieved 6 May 2017.
  50. ^ "The Transgender Man Who Changed the Olympics, Sportshour - BBC World Service". BBC. Retrieved 6 May 2017.
  51. ^ Hatta, Naohiko (13 July 2016). "Transgender man helps Shibuya make a difference". The Japan Times.
  52. ^ Luke, Savannah (31 March 2016). "People Profile: Balian Buschbaum". TransgenderUniverse.com. Retrieved 18 April 2017.
  53. ^ Stark-Mason, Rachel. "A Time of Transition". NCAA. Archived from the original on 22 November 2019. Retrieved 25 November 2019.
  54. ^ "Transgender teen wins regional wrestling title despite attempt to ban him from competing - SportsDay". DallasNews.com. 18 February 2017. Retrieved 18 April 2017.
  55. ^ "First transgender athlete to play in NCAA basketball". CNN. 23 March 2010. Archived from the original on 13 October 2011. Retrieved 5 April 2022.
  56. ^ Pruski, Scout (28 November 2018). "Harrison Browne talks Ovi, activism in visit to American University". NBC Sports Washington. Archived from the original on 16 January 2019. Retrieved 16 January 2019.
  57. ^ "Japan's Yokoyama comes out as transgender man". Reuters. 22 June 2021.
  58. ^ Orlowitz, Dan (20 June 2021). "Soccer player Kumi Yokoyama comes out as transgender: 'It would be harder to live closeted'". The Japan Times.
  59. ^ "Meet Quince Mountain, the Iditarod's first trans dog musher". NBC News. 9 March 2020.
  60. ^ Chonwilai, Sulaiporn (17 May 2016). "Trans community still faces violence". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 4 June 2022.

Further reading

  • Becoming a Visible Man by Jamison Green
  • Just Add Hormones: An Insider's Guide to the Transsexual Experience by Matt Kailey
  • Transmen and FTMs: Identities, Bodies, Genders, and Sexualities by Jason Cromwell
  • FTM: Female-to-Male Transsexuals in Society. by
    Aaron H. Devor
  • Second Son: Transitioning Toward My Destiny, Love and Life by Ryan Sallans

External links