Transcortin
| SERPINA6 | |||
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Gene ontology | |||
| Molecular function | |||
| Cellular component | |||
| Biological process | |||
| Sources:Amigo / QuickGO | |||
Ensembl | |||||||||
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| UniProt | |||||||||
| RefSeq (mRNA) | |||||||||
| RefSeq (protein) | |||||||||
| Location (UCSC) | Chr 14: 94.3 – 94.32 Mb | Chr 12: 103.61 – 103.62 Mb | |||||||
| PubMed search | [3] | [4] | |||||||
| View/Edit Human | View/Edit Mouse |
Transcortin, also known as corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) or serpin A6, is a
Function
This gene encodes an
progestins in the blood of most vertebrates. The gene localizes to a chromosomal region containing several closely related serine protease inhibitors (serpins).[7]
Binding
Transcortin binds several steroid hormones at high rates:
- Cortisol - Approximately 90% of the cortisol in circulation is bound to transcortin. (The rest is bound to serum albumin.) Cortisol is thought to be biologically active only when it is not bound to transcortin.[citation needed]
- Cortisone[8]
- Deoxycorticosterone (DOC)[8]
- Corticosterone - About 78% of serum corticosterone is bound to transcortin.
- Aldosterone - Approximately 17% of serum aldosterone is bound to transcortin, while another 47% is bound to serum albumin. The remaining 36% is free.[9]
- Progesterone - Approximately 18% of serum progesterone is bound to transcortin, while another 80% of it is bound to serum albumin. The remaining 2% is free.[10]
- 17α-Hydroxyprogesterone[8]
In addition, approximately 4% of serum testosterone is bound to transcortin.[11] A similarly small fraction of serum estradiol is bound to transcortin as well.[citation needed]
Synthesis
Transcortin is produced by the liver and is increased by estrogens.[12]
Clinical significance
Mutations in this gene are rare. Only four mutations have been described, often in association with fatigue and chronic pain.[13] This mechanism for these symptoms is not known. This condition must be distinguished from secondary hypocortisolism. Exogenous hydrocortisone does not appear to improve the fatigue.[citation needed]
Hepatic synthesis of corticosteroid-binding globulin more than doubles in pregnancy; that is, bound plasma cortisol in term pregnancy is approximately 2 to 3 times that of nonpregnant women.[14][15]
See also
- Serpin
- Circaseptan, 7-day biological cycle
References
- ^ a b c ENSG00000170099 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000277405, ENSG00000170099 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000060807 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- PMID 3299377.
- PMID 7912884.
- ^ a b "Entrez Gene: SERPINA6 serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A (alpha-1 antiproteinase, antitrypsin), member 6".
- ^ ISBN 978-1-55938-815-3. Retrieved 23 August 2012.
- ISBN 978-0-7817-1750-2. Retrieved 23 August 2012.
- ISBN 978-81-203-3850-0. Retrieved 23 August 2012.
- PMID 7195404. Archived from the originalon 14 December 2019. Retrieved 23 August 2012.
- PMID 4284083.
- PMID 22013108.
- ISBN 0-683-30665-0.)
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - ISBN 978-1-59259-787-1.
Further reading
- Rosner W, Beers PC, Awan T, Khan MS (1976). "Identification of corticosteroid-binding globulin in human milk: measurement with a filter disk assay". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 42 (6): 1064–73. PMID 932172.
- Smith CL, Power SG, Hammond GL (1992). "A Leu----His substitution at residue 93 in human corticosteroid binding globulin results in reduced affinity for cortisol". J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 42 (7): 671–6. S2CID 45601231.
- Brotherton J (1990). "Cortisol and transcortin in human seminal plasma and amniotic fluid as estimated by modern specific assays". Andrologia. 22 (3): 197–204. S2CID 2577211.
- Underhill DA, Hammond GL (1990). "Organization of the human corticosteroid binding globulin gene and analysis of its 5'-flanking region". Mol. Endocrinol. 3 (9): 1448–54. PMID 2608068.
- Loric S, Egloff M, Domingo M, et al. (1990). "Immunochemical characterization of corticosteroid-binding globulin in human bronchoalveolar fluid". Clin. Chim. Acta. 186 (1): 19–23. PMID 2612005.
- Heubner A, Belovsky O, Müller W, et al. (1987). "Application of liquid-liquid partition chromatography in the simultaneous purification of sex-hormone-binding globulin and corticosteroid-binding globulin". J. Chromatogr. 397: 419–34. PMID 2821037.
- Kato EA, Hsu BR, Kuhn RW (1988). "Comparative structural analyses of corticosteroid binding globulin". J. Steroid Biochem. 29 (2): 213–20. PMID 3347061.
- Bardin CW, Gunsalus GL, Musto NA, et al. (1988). "Corticosteroid binding globulin, testosterone-estradiol binding globulin, and androgen binding protein belong to protein families distinct from steroid receptors". J. Steroid Biochem. 30 (1–6): 131–9. PMID 3386241.
- Hammond GL, Langley MS (1986). "Identification and measurement of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG) in human saliva". Acta Endocrinol. 112 (4): 603–8. PMID 3751467.
- Agrimonti F, Frairia R, Fornaro D, et al. (1983). "Circadian and circaseptan rhythmicities in corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) binding activity of human milk". Chronobiologia. 9 (3): 281–90. PMID 7172869.
- Misao R, Hori M, Ichigo S, et al. (1995). "Levels of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNAs) in ovarian endometriosis". Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 35 (2): 155–65. PMID 7734053.
- Misao R, Hori M, Ichigo S, et al. (1995). "Corticosteroid-binding globulin mRNA levels in human uterine endometrium". Steroids. 59 (10): 603–7. S2CID 24945362.
- Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene. 138 (1–2): 171–4. PMID 8125298.
- Avvakumov GV, Hammond GL (1994). "Glycosylation of human corticosteroid-binding globulin. Differential processing and significance of carbohydrate chains at individual sites". Biochemistry. 33 (19): 5759–65. PMID 8180202.
- Van Baelen H, Power SG, Hammond GL (1993). "Decreased cortisol-binding affinity of transcortin Leuven is associated with an amino acid substitution at residue-93". Steroids. 58 (6): 275–7. S2CID 25160586.
- Misao R, Nakanishi Y, Fujimoto J, et al. (1996). "Expression of corticosteroid-binding globulin mRNA in human uterine endometrial cancers". Steroids. 60 (10): 720–4. S2CID 37077783.
- Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, et al. (1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene. 200 (1–2): 149–56. PMID 9373149.
External links
- Transcortin at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
- The MEROPS online database for peptidases and their inhibitors: I04.954
- SERPINA6+protein,+human at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)