Transport in Ireland

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Most of the transport system in Ireland is in public hands, either side of the Irish border. The Irish road network has evolved separately in the two jurisdictions into which Ireland is divided, while the Irish rail network was mostly created prior to the partition of Ireland.

In the

Córas Iompair Éireann (CIÉ), and its subsidiaries, Dublin Bus, Bus Éireann (Irish Bus), and Iarnród Éireann
(Irish Rail).

On 1 November 2005, the Irish government published the

Dublin Metro
.

The Republic of Ireland's transport sector is responsible for 21% of the state's greenhouse gas emissions.[1]

In Northern Ireland, the road network and railways are in state ownership. The Department for Infrastructure is responsible for these and other areas (such as water services). Two of the three main airports in Northern Ireland are privately operated and owned. The exception is City of Derry Airport, which is owned and funded by Derry City Council. A statutory corporation, the Northern Ireland Transport Holding Company (which trades as Translink) operates public transport services through its three subsidiaries – NI Railways Company Limited, Ulsterbus Limited, and Citybus Limited (now branded as Metro).

Railways

Total
Ireland's rail network
1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in)
broad gauge
1,947 km (1,210 mi) (1998); 38 km (24 mi) electrified; 485 km (301 mi) double track; some additions and removals since 1997
1,435 mm (4 ft 8+12 in)
standard gauge
36.5 km (22.7 mi) (2004) (Luas tramway); 36.5 km (22.7 mi) electrified; 36.5 km (22.7 mi) double track; additional track under construction
914 mm (3 ft)
narrow gauge
1,365 km (848 mi) (2006) (industrial railway operated by Bord na Móna)

Ireland's

Belfast Suburban Rail, with limited local services being offered in, or planned for, Cork, Limerick[citation needed], and Galway[citation needed
].

The rail network in Ireland was developed by various private companies during the 19th century, with some receiving government funding. The network reached its greatest extent by 1920. A

Many lines in the west were decommissioned in the 1930s under

Western Rail Corridor are amongst future projects as part of the same plan.[3]

Public transport services in Northern Ireland are sparse in comparison with those of the rest of Ireland or Great Britain. A large railway network was severely curtailed in the 1950s and 1960s.

Bangor, as well as services to Derry. There is also a branch from Coleraine to Portrush.[5]

Since 1984 an electrified train service run by Iarnród Éireann has linked Dublin with its coastal suburbs. Running initially between

Dublin Metro
service including underground lines were mooted in 2001, but stalled in the financial crisis at the end of that decade.

Ireland has one of the largest dedicated

freight railways in Europe, operated by Bord na Móna totalling nearly 1,400 kilometres (870 mi).[6]

Road transport

Ireland. Motorways shown in blue, primary roads (N, A) shown in green.
(OpenStreetMap mapping)

Roads and cars in Ireland

Total – 117,318 km (72,898 mi)
South: 92,500 km (57,500 mi) including 1,015 km (631 mi) of motorway (2010)
North: 24,818 km (15,421 mi) including 148 km (92 mi) of motorway (2008)
paved – 87,043 km (54,086 mi), unpaved – 5,457 km (3,391 mi)

Ireland's roads link Dublin with all the major cities (Belfast, Cork, Limerick, Derry, Galway, and Waterford). Driving is on the left. Signposts in the Republic of Ireland are shown in kilometres and speed limits in kilometres per hour. Distance and speed limit signs in Northern Ireland use imperial units in common with the rest of the United Kingdom.

Historically, land owners developed most roads and later turnpike trusts collected tolls so that as early as 1800 Ireland had a 16,100 kilometres (10,000 mi) road network.[7] In 2005 the Irish Government launched Transport 21, a plan envisaging the investment of €34 billion in transport infrastructure from 2006 until 2015.[8] Several road projects were progressed but the economic crisis that began in 2008–09 has prevented its full implementation.

Between 2011 and 2015, diesel cars constituted 70% of new cars.[9] In 2015, 27 new cars per 1,000 inhabitants were registered in Ireland, the same as the EU average.[10]

Bus services

Ireland's first

public transportation system.[12]

Part of a fleet of 90 new double decker buses introduced to Dublin in 2015

State-owned Bus Éireann (Irish Bus) currently provides most bus services in the Republic of Ireland, outside Dublin, including an express coach network connecting most cities in Ireland, along with local bus services in the provincial cities. Dublin Bus, a sister company of Bus Éireann, provides most of the bus services in Dublin, with some other operators providing a number of routes. These include Aircoach, a subsidiary of FirstGroup which provides services to Dublin Airport from Dublin city centre, South Dublin City, Greystones and Bray. They also operate two intercity express non-stop services service between Dublin Airport, Dublin City Centre, and Cork and also a non-stop route between Belfast City Centre, Dublin Airport and Dublin City. Other operators such as Irish Citylink and GoBus.ie compete on the Dublin-Galway route. Matthews Coaches run a direct service from Bettystown, Laytown and Julianstown to Dublin whilst Dublin Coach operate services to Portlaoise and Limerick. JJ Kavanagh and Sons also operates regular services on the Portlaoise/Limerick route as well as offering services to Waterford, Carlow, Kilkenny, Clonmel and a selection of regional towns and villages in the south.

TFI Local Link is a set of not-for-profit operators, funded via the National Transport Authority, that provide bus services in rural Ireland. Other private rural operators exist, such as Halpenny's in Blackrock, County Louth, which was the first private bus operator to run a public service in Ireland, Bus Feda (Feda O'Donnell Coaches), which operates twice daily routes from Ranafast, County Donegal to Galway and back.[13]

In Northern Ireland Ulsterbus provides the bus network, with its sister company Metro providing services in Belfast. Both are part of state-owned Translink. Tiger Coaches operates a very late night bus service on Friday and Saturday nights between Belfast and Lisburn.[14]

Private hire companies offer groups travelling throughout Ireland with options ranging from cars to 56 passenger coaches. Private Coach Hire Companies can be found at CTTC.ie.

Cross-border services (e.g. Dublin city centre to Belfast) are run primarily by a partnership of Ulsterbus and Bus Éireann with some services run across the border exclusively by one of the two companies (e.g. Derry–Sligo run by Bus Éireann). Aircoach, a private operator, does however operate a competing Dublin to Belfast Express service via Dublin Airport.

According to an Irish Times article in September 2022, 14.3% of national journeys in the Republic of Ireland were undertaken by bus, compared to the European average of 8.8%. However, this may be partly due to the lack of widespread train coverage in the country, as Ireland's figure of 3.1% usage of trains for journeys is well behind the European average of 7.9%.[15]

Modal share

Mode of travel[16] 2012 2013 2014
Private car – driver 70.4% 69.0% 69.1%
Private car – passenger 06.1% 05.8% 05.3%
Walk 13.6% 15.4% 14.8%
Bus 03.9% 03.8% 04.4%
Cycle 01.2% 01.3% 01.6%
Rail / DART / Luas 01.3% 01.5% 01.4%
Taxi / hackney 00.8% 00.9% 00.9%
Lorry / motorcycle / other 02.7% 02.5% 02.5%

Waterways

Total (2004) – 753 km (468 mi)
(
pleasure craft only on inland waterways, several lengthy estuarine
waterways)

Pipelines

Natural gas transmission network 1,795 km (1,115 mi) (2003). There is a much more extensive distribution network.

Ports and harbours

Ireland has major ports in

Waterford
. Smaller ports exist in Arklow, Ballina, Drogheda, Dundalk, Dún Laoghaire, Foynes, Galway, Larne, Limerick, New Ross, Sligo, Warrenpoint and Wicklow.

Ports in the Republic of Ireland handled 2.8 million travellers crossing the sea between Ireland and Great Britain in 2014, a decrease of 1 million passengers movements since 2003.[17] This has been steadily dropping for a number of years (20% since 1999), probably as a result of low cost airlines.

Ferries

Ferry connections between

Irish Ferries
on the Dublin–Holyhead route.

In addition, there are ferries from Rosslare and Dublin to Cherbourg and Roscoff in France.

The vast majority of heavy goods trade is done by sea. Northern Irish ports handle 10 megatonnes (Mt) of goods trade with Britain annually, while ports in the south handle 7.6 Mt, representing 50% and 40% respectively of total trade by weight.

Ferry services from Ireland
Name From To Operator Website Seasonal? Type
Scenic Lough Foyle Ferry Greencastle, County Donegal
Magilligan Point
, County Londonderry
Frazer Foyle Holdings loughfoyleferry.com Summer only Passenger (foot, vehicle)
Kintyre Express Ballycastle Port Ellen, Scotland Craig of Campbeltown kintyreexpress.com Summer only Passenger (foot only)
Rathlin Island Ferry Ballycastle Rathlin Island Dunaverty www.rathlin-ferry.com All year Passenger (foot, vehicle)
Kintyre Express Ballycastle Campbeltown, Scotland Craig of Campbeltown kintyreexpress.com Summer only Passenger (foot only)
P&O Larne - Cairnryan Larne Cairnryan, Scotland P&O www.poferries.com All year Passenger (foot, vehicle); Freight
Stena Belfast - Cairnryan Belfast Cairnryan, Scotland Stena Line www.stenaline.co.uk All year Passenger (foot, vehicle); Freight
Isle of Man Steam Packet Belfast Douglas, Isle of Man Isle of Man Steam Packet Company www.steam-packet.com All year Passenger (foot, vehicle)
Stena Belfast - Heysham Belfast Heysham, England Stena Line www.stenaline.com All year Freight
Stena Belfast - Liverpool Belfast Liverpool, England Stena Line www.stenaline.co.uk All year Passenger (foot, vehicle); Freight
Strangford Ferry Strangford Portaferry Dept for Infrastructure NI www.nidirect.gov.uk All year Passenger (vehicle, foot)
Omeath Ferry Warrenpoint, Omeath, County Louth Summer only Passenger (foot)
Carlingford Lough Ferry Greencastle, County Down Greenore, County Louth Rooskey Frazer & Co carlingfordferry.com All year Passenger (vehicle, foot)
Seatruck Warrenpoint Heysham Seatruck www.seatruckferries.com/r All year Freight

Mercantile Marine[note 1]

Total – 35 ships (with a volume of 1,000 gross tonnage (GT) or over) totalling 288,401 GT/383,628 tonnes deadweight (DWT)
Ships by typebulk carrier 7, cargo ship 22, chemical tanker 1, container ship 3, roll-on/roll-off ship 1, short-sea passenger 1
Foreign-owned – Germany 3, Italy 7, Norway 2
Registered in other countries – 18 (2003 est.)

Aviation

Irish Airports

Ireland has four main international airports:

busiest of these carrying almost 35 million passengers per year;[18] a second terminal (T2) was opened in November 2010.[19]
All provide services to Great Britain and continental Europe, while Cork, Dublin and Shannon also offer transatlantic services. The London to Dublin air route is the ninth busiest international air route in the world, and also the busiest international air route in Europe, with 14,500 flights between the two in 2017.[20][21] In 2015, 4.5 million people took the route, at that time, the world's second-busiest.[20] Aer Lingus is the flag carrier of Ireland, although Ryanair is the country's largest airline. Ryanair is Europe's largest low-cost carrier,[22] the second largest in terms of passenger numbers, and the world's largest in terms of international passenger numbers.[23] For several decades until 2007 Shannon was a mandatory stopover for transatlantic routes to the United States.[24] In recent years it has opened a pre-screening service allowing passengers to pass through US immigration services before departing from Ireland.

There are also several smaller regional airports:

Aerfort na Minna
(Connemara Regional Airport).

Ireland's national airline, Aer Lingus, provides services from Belfast City, Cork, Dublin and Shannon to Europe, North Africa and North America. Dublin and Cork airports are run by a State body, DAA (Dublin Airport Authority). Other Irish airlines are Ryanair, one of the largest in the world, CityJet, ASL Airlines Ireland and the Aer Lingus subsidiary Aer Lingus Regional. A number of other operators specialise in general aviation.

Airport passenger numbers

For 2018 the passenger numbers were as follows:[25][26]

Rank Airport Runways Max Length Passengers Change
2015–2016
1 Dublin 2 2,637 m (8,652 ft) 31,319,419 Increase 6.3%
2 Belfast International 2 2,780 m (9,120 ft) 6,268,960 Increase 7.4%
3 Belfast City 1 1,829 m (6,001 ft) 2,511,261 Decrease 1.9%
4 Cork 2 2,133 m (6,998 ft) 2,387,806 Increase 3.8%
5 Shannon 1 3,199 m (10,495 ft) 1,677,611 Increase 4.9%
6 Ireland West Airport 1 2,340 m (7,680 ft) 775,063 Increase 3.5%
7 Kerry 1 2,000 m (6,600 ft) 365,339 Increase 8.9%
8 City of Derry 1 1,969 m (6,460 ft) 185,843 Decrease 4.2%
9 Donegal 1 1,496 m (4,908 ft) 46,537 Increase 0.0%
10 Connemara 1 600 m (2,000 ft) 15,322 Decrease 6.8%
11 Inishmore 1 490 m (1,610 ft) 8,814 Decrease 5.6%

Gateway Irish Urban Reference Destination Distances

Midlands Gateway Urban Destination Distances
  • The distances given below are in kilometres as travelling through the Midlands Gateway ATM (Athlone-Tullamore-Mullingar).
  • Where it is logical to travel along the east or west coast directly, these distances are provided according to the popular route.
  • Urban by-passes, Rockades, Diversions, Detours and all other dispositives prolonging the travelled distances between destinations are equated to ZERO.
This is an estimation distance guide only.
City / Town
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33
Athboy
80 Athlone
188 241 Ballymena
144 221 46 Belfast
100 128 298 285 Castlebar
60 80 152 136 168 Cavan
232 255 44 91 269 180 Coleraine
368 217 467 424 274 300 491 Cork
220 234 89 114 221 163 50 478 Derry
40 142 163 120 230 88 187 309 188 Drogheda
80 124 211 168 235 108 235 259 236 53 M-50 Dublin
72 160 127 84 248 80 152 341 165 37 85 Dundalk
248 219 418 375 301 274 443 78 430 260 211 211 Dungarvan
60 40 222 176 130 40 200 297 193 90 80 120 251 Edgeworthst.
184 108 453 407 173 213 387 140 408 296 243 324 160 148 Ennis
120 126 434 168 160 46 157 363 107 137 154 100 337 86 234 Enniskillen
128 96 354 341 92 160 326 201 276 268 219 249 227 136 80 190 Galway
152 124 333 290 250 178 358 148 345 175 126 207 96 155 150 265 174 Kilkenny
160 230 515 472 290 319 539 87 476 357 308 389 165 296 155 382 215 195 Killarney
160 123 409 366 183 217 417 99 368 251 202 283 119 175 41 280 109 131 114 Limerick
40 55 245 197 112 56 228 284 191 118 105 147 244 15 156 101 156 162 310 202 Longford
32 48 215 169 154 59 232 242 221 75 65 85 216 35 155 121 144 120 261 159 42 Mullingar
60 116 244 201 227 130 269 223 256 86 37 118 175 107 206 193 205 89 272 165 114 72 Naas
100 80 368 325 174 169 332 134 307 210 161 242 151 146 84 232 100 93 149 43 153 111 124 Nenagh
60 179 97 110 199 72 102 423 57 133 181 110 375 143 338 50 255 290 404 297 128 130 201 254 Omagh
200 202 375 332 328 300 400 195 387 217 160 249 117 235 239 363 306 121 280 198 242 200 141 202 332 Rosslare
180 134 374 392 168 279 402 119 352 277 227 309 146 214 20 342 94 158 134 28 221 179 190 69 329 224 Shannon
160 117 215 202 84 121 187 323 137 201 207 200 334 96 255 75 175 228 338 231 81 123 199 195 114 358 216 Sligo
260 215 509 466 249 312 483 118 434 351 302 383 195 289 148 375 175 228 33 107 296 254 265 143 398 295 128 297 Tralee
60 43 256 213 169 93 281 207 256 149 101 130 181 80 165 156 138 85 226 124 77 35 89 76 204 164 144 158 219 Tullamore
160 174 373 330 310 228 397 123 385 215 166 247 46 205 170 291 236 51 208 129 212 170 129 160 329 73 155 289 226 135 Waterford
180 189 350 307 315 244 374 184 362 112 134 224 107 263 228 307 295 110 269 187 228 186 129 189 307 19 214 333 285 151 63 Wexford
120 170 270 227 280 204 295 254 282 112 55 144 176 181 281 146 265 132 346 240 188 146 75 199 227 109 265 253 340 146 133 84 Wicklow

See also

Footnotes

  1. ^ In Ireland it is the "Mercantile Marine"; in the United Kingdom it is the "Merchant Navy"; in the USA it is the "Merchant Marine".

References

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  2. ^ a b "CIA World Factbook—Ireland—Transportation". CIA. 6 November 2008. Archived from the original on 9 January 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2008.
  3. ^ "Heavy Rail". Project. Transport 21. 18 June 2008. Archived from the original on 7 December 2008. Retrieved 11 November 2008.
  4. ^ "The Irish Railway System". The Railway Preservation Society of Ireland. Archived from the original on 21 August 2010. Retrieved 29 March 2010.
  5. ^ "Northern Ireland Railways Timetables". Translink. Archived from the original on 12 August 2010. Retrieved 29 March 2010.
  6. ^ "Description of Railway". Bord na Móna. Archived from the original on 19 November 2007. Retrieved 29 March 2010.
  7. Córas Iompair Éireann. Archived from the original
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  8. ^ "Roads". Projects. Transport 21. 18 June 2008. Archived from the original on 8 December 2008. Retrieved 11 November 2008.
  9. ^ "Share of Diesel in New Passenger Cars – Click Ireland". European Automobile Manufacturers Association. 25 April 2016. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 24 January 2017.
  10. ^ "Per Capita Registrations". European Automobile Manufacturers Association. 1 June 2016. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 24 January 2017.
  11. ^ Parliamentary papers, Reports from Committees, Volume 20. London: House of Commons. 1837. pp. 3, 38–43. Archived from the original on 24 September 2021. Retrieved 31 March 2021.
  12. ^ Murphy, John (4 January 2005). "Bianconi home to become Clonmel hotel". Irish Examiner. Archived from the original on 18 January 2012. Retrieved 11 November 2008.
  13. ^ "Hosting Ireland's – Holding Page – Your Domain Has Been Successfully Registered!". www.fedaodonnell.com. Archived from the original on 30 May 2008. Retrieved 30 May 2008.
  14. ^ Belfast Telegraph 15 November 2010 Archived 20 November 2010 at the Wayback Machine report on launch of Tiger Coaches service
  15. ^ Briscoe, Neil (22 September 2022). "How do we rate when it comes to public transport use?". The Irish Times. Retrieved 27 September 2022.
  16. ^ "National Travel Survey 2014". Central Statistics Office. Archived from the original on 22 December 2016. Retrieved 22 December 2016.
  17. ^ "Number of sea travel passenger movements between the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom (UK) from 2003 to 2014 (in 1,000 passenger movements)". The Statistics Portal. 2014. Archived from the original on 20 April 2015. Retrieved 18 February 2015.
  18. ^ "Passenger Numbers at Irish Airports – 2002 to 2015". Archived from the original on 21 March 2017. Retrieved 19 February 2016.
  19. ^ "Dublin airport's T2 unveiled". Irish Times. 19 November 2010. Archived from the original on 31 August 2011. Retrieved 9 May 2011.
  20. ^ a b O'Halloran, Barry (25 January 2016). "Dublin-London second-busiest route in world". Irish Times. Archived from the original on 4 June 2016. Retrieved 18 January 2018.
  21. Irish Mirror. Archived
    from the original on 10 January 2018. Retrieved 30 January 2018.
  22. ^ "Ash makes Ryanair cancel flights until Monday". Forbes. 16 April 2010. Archived from the original on 19 April 2010. Retrieved 30 January 2018 – via Wayback Machine.
  23. ^ "WATS Scheduled Passengers Carried 53rd Edition". International Air Transport Association. 2008. Archived from the original on 23 March 2010.
  24. ^ "Shannon stopover to go by 2008". Business News. RTÉ. 11 November 2005. Archived from the original on 22 February 2011. Retrieved 9 November 2008.
  25. ^ "Aviation Statistics". Central Statistics Office. 18 April 2019. Archived from the original on 14 November 2019. Retrieved 20 November 2019.
  26. ^ "CAA Airport Data 2018". caa.co.uk. UK Civil Aviation Authority. 13 March 2019. Archived from the original on 29 March 2019. Retrieved 13 March 2019.

External links