Transport in Shenzhen
This article needs additional citations for verification. (April 2016) |
Shenzhen has an extensive transport network, including various forms of land, water and air transport.
Rail transport
National railway
Started with an intermediate station on the
There are 8 railway stations for passenger service in Shenzhen including:
- Futian railway station
Shenzhen also holds the actual administration of the underground platform area of Hong Kong West Kowloon Railway Station for political reasons.
Regional railway
There are also short-haul regional railway stations in Shenzhen, currently on
- Shenzhen Airport railway station
- Shenzhen Airport North railway station
- Fuhai West railway station
- Shajing West railway station
Additional railways,
Freight railway
And here are the freight railway stations in Shenzhen, mostly on Guangzhou-Shenzhen Railway, Pinghu-Nanshan Railway and Pinghu-Yantian Railway.
- Yantian railway station
- Xili railway station
- Sungang railway station
- Lilang railway station
- Mugu railway station
- Pinghu South railway station
- Henggang railway station
- Bantian railway station
- Georges Bassil
Metro
A single journey normal ticket in the metro costs 2 RMB to 15 RMB and a single journey business ticket of Line 11 costs three times the travel fare of a normal ticket. Discounts of 5% off are given using Shenzhen Tong IC Card or its mobile payment instead of a single journey normal ticket.[5]
The metro system is operated by two companies, Shenzhen Metro Corporation and MTR Corporation, Shenzhen. MTR Shenzhen is now operating Line 4 of Shenzhen Metro.
Tram
Shenzhen Tram in Longhua District consists of 11.7 km (7.3 mi), 2 lines and 21 stations. It opened on 28th Oct., 2017 and integrates central Guanlan, the north side of Longhua into
The 2 lines in Longhua are:[7]
- Line 1: Qinghu–Xiawei. 8.6 km (5.3 mi).
- Line 2: Qinghu–Xinlan. 6.8 km (4.2 mi).
Shenzhen Tram in Pingshan District opened on 28 Dec., 2022.[8] An experimental 8.7-km Line 1 with 11 stations, is constructed with technology of a local manufacturer BYD. It connects central Pingshan and Pingshan Railway Station, as well as the city's rail network. Each single ticket costs 2 or 3 RMB.
The line in Pingshan is:
- Line 1: Pingshan Railway Station–BYD North. 8.7 km (5.4 mi).
Road transport
Road transport in Shenzhen consists of various forms of transport as follows:
- Buses
- Intercity buses and coaches
- Bus and coach services of customised routes
- Taxicabs
- Vehicle for hire services
- Public bicycles
- Highway system
- Urban roads
- Greenway system
- Interchanges
- Pedestrians
Buses
Bus services in Shenzhen began in 1975, and now have expanded to a network consisting of about 1000 regular routes. Three franchised companies, Shenzhen Bus Group, Shenzhen Eastern Bus and Shenzhen Western Bus operate most of the routes,[9] with the remaining once operated by a few private companies.
Bus operators in Shenzhen are subsidized by the government and have to set the bus fares according to a guideline usually from 2 RMB to 10 RMB. Fare has to be given when boarding the bus in short-haul routes and expresses with no change. However, for some long-haul routes, fare is collected manually or automatically when embarking and disembarking, recording the travel distance of the passenger. Shenzhen Tong IC Card or its mobile payment is accepted on most of the bus routes with 20% off at least, except a few privately operated premium routes.
Bus routes in Shenzhen are categorised into three categories, beginning from Dec. 2008:[10]
- Expresses
These are long-haul routes connecting the city and the suburbs/exurbs, travelling on
- Main-lines
These are medium to long routes, travelling on trunk roads, for example, national highway G107, using full-sized cyan transit buses. These routes are charged according to the travel distance of the passengers, from 2 RMB to 10 RMB. If the full fare is greater than 3 RMB, sectional fares are used, while passengers of short-haul routes paying only 2 RMB, 2.5 RMB or 3 RMB. Routes in this category start with M, for example, M206 and M408, and most of the routes in the old numbering scheme fall into this category, e.g. 1 and 337.
- Branches
These are short-haul routes travelling in neighbourhoods, narrow streets and alleys, using orange minibuses/midibuses. These routes are charged a flat fare of 1 RMB or 2 RMB. Routes in this category start with B, for example, B611 and B881. Route 915 in the old numbering scheme also falls into this category.
In addition, there are some other bus routes, not belonging to the above categories, with Chinese characters forming part of the route number, which include:
- 高峰专线 A: Rush hour routes
- 高快巴士 B: Rush hour expresses
- (Places)假日专线 C:Holiday series of routes
- 深惠 D: Intercity bus routes connecting Shenzhen with Huizhou, using transit buses and not long-haul coaches.
The letters A, B, C, D indicate where route numbers are written.
- The 1992 numbering scheme
There are still bus routes in Shenzhen using the old numbering scheme effective from Dec. 1992 to Dec. 2008, when they were numbered using the hundred district according to the districts where the route operated in. But new routes starting from Dec. 2008 no longer use it, and old routes extensively modified would be renumbered to the new scheme assigning a number starting with E, M or B.
Note that changes after Dec. 2008 for routes with old numbering may break the rule below.
- 1-299: Full-sized bus routes operating in the central districts including Yantian District, which become main-lines in the current categorisation.
- 300-399: Full-sized bus routes crossing the former border of the Special Economic Zone(SEZ), which become main-lines in the current categorisation.
- 400-499: Minibus routes in the 4 central districts, abolished in 2004.
- 500-599: Minibus routes crossing the former border of the SEZ, abolished in 2020.
- 600-699: Full-sized bus routes serving Guangming District, which become main-lines in the current categorisation.
- 700-799: Minibus-then routes serving Guangming District, gradually replaced by full-sized bus after 2004, which become main-lines in the current categorisation.
- 800-899: Full-sized bus routes serving Dapeng New District, which become main-lines in the current categorisation.
- 900-999: Minibus-then routes serving Dapeng New District, gradually replaced by full-sized bus after 2004, which become main-lines (except 915 becoming a branch) in the current categorisation.
- N-prefixed: Nightly route services at night which are usually parallel to some regular routes at daytime. Sometimes a letter N appearing before the route number started with E, M or B means a nightly route which is parallel to the corresponding route without N. For example, NA1 is the nightly service of A1.
As of Dec. 2017, the entire fleet of over 16,300 buses has been replaced with electric buses, the largest fleet of electric buses of any city in the world.[12] The city began rolling out electric buses made by BYD in 2009, and has heavily invested in acquiring electric buses and taxis since.
Intercity buses and coaches
- Long-haul coaches: there are lots of long-haul coach stations in Shenzhen, with coach services to elsewhere in Shenzhen North railway station.
- Unregulated coaches: there are once some coaches running between Shenzhen and other cities in Guangdong, for example, Guangzhou and Dongguan, with a "route number" starting with 长 (meaning long), for example, 长16路. These numbered coaches are mainly unregulated or even illegal, which are not recommended for passengers. Most of them have disappeared because of travel restrictions of COVID-19 pandemic.
- Transit buses: apart from coaches, transit buses can also be used for intercity travel between Shenzhen and its neighbouring cities, Dongguan, Huizhou and Hong Kong. The "intercity" bus routes like 深惠X线 are official regulated bus routes between these cities, and there are also a few de facto intercity bus routes with regular numbering, like M184, M325, M589, with 208 from Huizhou, 285, 786 from Dongguan, B1 from Hong Kong which travel across the city border.
Here are the list of coach stations[13] currently existing and not affiliated to railway stations, airports or ports (as those could be incorporated), yet some of them might be under renovation or expansion thus are not operating. Most of them are located outside the central districts, each serving at subdistrict (as a part of their names) level often. They are getting fewer and fewer due to the other competitive modes of transport.
- Bao'anCoach Station
- FutianTransport Hub
- Guanlan Coach Station
- Henggang Coach Station
- Kengzi Coach Station
- LonggangCoach Station
- Longgang Long-haul Coach Station
- Longhua Coach Station
- Xinqiao Central Coach Station
- Shenzhen Coach Station
Bus and coach services of customised routes
Thanks to the rapid development of Information Technology and sharing economy, bus and coach services of customised routes have spread throughout China, including Shenzhen. They leave the city boundaries disregarded providing services both in and between the cities.
- Services in the city
Besides bus routes designated by Transport Commission of Shenzhen and its organizations, there are also bus services of customised routes ("定制公交" in Chinese). That is, passengers book tickets at certain apps "E巴士" or "优点巴士" and choose their routes in advance, and they can take these buses. With a few stops like expresses, these routes provide commutes for work, study or travel faster than regular buses. Passengers can also submit their origin and destinations to the apps to lodge routes of their own. When a certain number of people share the same locations the routes between them would be put into operation.
Number of these routes operated by franchised companies often start with J, P, PX series by Shenzhen Eastern Bus or C, D, F, H, T by Shenzhen Bus Group whose information would not be shown at regular bus stops, so passengers can only get their information with the apps. They are popular among workers and visitors in Shenzhen as an alternative of comfort. The first customised route operated by franchised companies started operation in Jan. 2016 by Shenzhen Eastern Bus.
Vehicle for hire services
Most vehicles for hire accept mobile payments such as Alipay and WeChat Pay.
All colors of
- Red taxis and Green taxis are fuel taxis united together by governments in May 2017,[14] then were replaced by blue ones in Dec 2018.[15]
- Blue taxis are electric vehicles and fuel surcharge does not apply on them.
The typical taxi fare consists of 2 parts, 10 RMB for up to 2 km (about 1.24 mile) first and 2.7 RMB/km (about 4.34 RMB/mile) for the distance between 2 and 20 km. Extra 30% of taxi fare for 20 to 35 km, and 60% for the distance remained. A 30% night fare is also required between 23:00 to 6:00 the next day.[14]
DiDi and some other privately operated hire services are also very popular in Shenzhen.
Public Bicycles
Public bicycle systems in Shenzhen can be roughly divided into 2 kinds.
- Dock-based Public Bicycles
Dock-based public bicycle system in Shenzhen started operating in
Bike sharing usually refers to dockless public bicycle system by private sectors in China. It starts in Oct 2016 in Nanshan District by
Highway System
Highway system in Shenzhen is a part of National highway system[20][21] in China as well as Provincial highway system called Guangdong highway. They include expressways and normal highways.
- Expressways
Expressways in Shenzhen usually need a fare of 0.45 RMB/km (about 0.72 RMB/mile) for a private car due to the provincial standard,[22] while more needed for a larger vehicle. Speed limits also vary with the type of vehicles that usually ranged from 60 km/h (37 mph) to 120 km/h (75 mph).
- Normal highways
Normal highways are free with lower speed limits than expressways.
The following are their numbers with names or destinations:
- National highway in Shenzhen[23]
Number of these highways starts with G.
- Jinggang'ao Expressway
- Shennan Expressway
- Wushen Expressway
- Shenhai Expressway
- Shenzhen Outer Ring Expressway
- Changshen Expressway
- Pearl River Delta Ring Expressway
- Beijing-Hong Kong
- Shanhaiguan-Shenzhen
- Dongying-Shenzhen
- Dandong-Dongxing
- Provincial highway in Shenzhen
Number of these highways starts with S.
- Guangshen Riverside Expressway
- Shuiguan Expressway
- Congguanshen Expressway
- Huishen Coastal Expressway
- Longda Expressway
- Nanguang Expressway
- Huiyan Road
- Danping Express
- Nanping Express
- Bao'an
- Longhua
- Coastal Boulevards
There are also
Urban Roads
Being a relatively new city dating back to only the late 1970s, Shenzhen, especially the former SEZ, has had the advantage of planned street grids.
Typically, urban roadways in Shenzhen are designated as street, road, avenue and boulevard. Streets in Shenzhen tend to be narrow, with one or two lanes, roads have two to four lanes, while avenues and boulevards are wide, which can have anywhere between four and twelve lanes.
Pedestrians
There are 3 famous pedestrian streets in Shenzhen.
Located in
Maritime transport
Ferries
There are ferries from
Port
The city's 260 km (162 mi) coastline is divided by the main landmass of Hong Kong (namely the
Shenzhen handled a record number of containers in 2005, ranking as the world's fourth-busiest port,[27] after rising trade increased cargo shipments through the city. China International Marine Containers, and other operators of the port handled 16.2 million standard 20 ft (6.1 m) boxes last year, a 19 percent increase. Investors in Shenzhen are expanding to take advantage of rising volume.[citation needed]
Air
Shenzhen is also served by
There are also heliports in Nanshan District, Futian District and Yantian District for official use or luxurious service.
See also
- Shenzhen Metro
- Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport
- Shenzhen Tram
- List of bus routes in Shenzhen
- List of provincial expressways in Guangdong
References
- ^ Shenzhen New Railway Station to Be Built, Shortens Trip to Guangzhou Archived 2016-03-11 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ 宗传苓,谭国威,张晓春.基于城市发展战略的深圳高铁枢纽规划研究——以深圳北站和福田站为例[J].规划师,2011,27(10);23-29.
- ^ "广州深圳升级为半小时城市圈". Archived from the original on 24 December 2013. Retrieved 25 May 2015.
- ^ "深圳地铁四期工程,5条线路1月10日开工-口岸动态-深圳市人民政府口岸办公室". www.sz.gov.cn. Retrieved 2018-06-08.
- ^ "深圳地铁票价一览(收费标准+优惠政策)". m.bendibao.com (in Chinese (China)). Retrieved 2018-06-08.
- ^ "龙华有轨电车正式开通(图) - 深圳市交通运输委员会". www.sz.gov.cn (in Chinese (China)). Retrieved 2018-06-08.
- ^ "候车时间短了!龙华有轨电车28日起压缩行车间隔_手机网易网". 3g.163.com. 2017-12-27. Retrieved 2018-06-08.
- ^ "深圳市坪山云巴1号线将于2022年12月28日12点28分正式对外开放载客运营!". Wechat Official Accounts Platform (in Chinese (China)). 27 December 2022. Retrieved 28 December 2022.
- ^ "广东省深圳市人民政府关于印发《深圳市公交行业特许经营改革工作方案》的通知". www.chinalawedu.com. Retrieved 2018-06-08.
- ^ "36条公交线开通 三层次公交线网雏形初显_深圳新闻网". news.sznews.com. Retrieved 2018-06-08.
- ^ a b "重磅!6月30日起深圳60条公交线路改名,别坐错!_手机网易网". 3g.163.com. 2018-06-27. Retrieved 2018-07-01.
- ^ "Nearly all Shenzhen public buses now electric 全球规模最大!深圳专营公交车辆实现纯电动化"
- ^ "深圳市各汽车客运站信息一览表 - 深圳市交通运输局(深圳市港务管理局)". Transport Bureau of Shenzhen Official Website (in Chinese (China)). 14 November 2022. Retrieved 6 January 2023.
- ^ a b "深圳"红绿的"5日起统一收费(图)--部门动态". www.sz.gov.cn (in Chinese (China)). Retrieved 2018-06-08.
- ^ "告别"红的""绿的" 深圳年底将基本实现出租车纯电动化". shenzhen.sina.cn. 2018-12-27. Retrieved 2019-03-30.
- ^ "盐田区公共自行车及绿道网介绍". www.sz.gov.cn. Retrieved 2018-06-08.
- ^ "深圳罗湖公共自行车明年起停止运营 共享单车冲击有桩公共自行车模式-搜狐财经". business.sohu.com. Retrieved 2018-06-08.
- ^ "摩拜单车在深圳开始正式运营". app.myzaker.com. 2016-11-22. Retrieved 2018-06-08.
- ^ "深圳小蓝单车暂时无法重新运营 堆积如山--深圳频道--人民网". sz.people.com.cn. Retrieved 2018-06-08.
- ^ "国家公路网规划(2013 年-2030 年)". csl.chinawuliu.com.cn. Retrieved 2018-06-08.
- ^ "国家发展改革委 交通运输部关于印发《国家公路网规划》的通知 - 发改基础〔2022〕1033号" (PDF). Retrieved 6 September 2022.
- ^ "关于调整高速公路车辆通行费计费方式的通告". Department of Transport of Guangdong Province (in Chinese (China)). 30 December 2019. Retrieved 30 December 2022.
- ^ "交通部:国家公路网命名编号调整 部分公路将改名--时政--人民网". politics.people.com.cn. Retrieved 2018-06-08.
- ^ "华强北地铁商业街开门迎客--图片新闻". www.sz.gov.cn (in Chinese (China)). Retrieved 2018-11-18.
- ^ "Shenzhen Shekou Passenger Terminal". Retrieved 17 April 2016.
- ^ "盐田-南澳客运(旅游)航线正式复航". www.sz.gov.cn. Retrieved 2018-06-08.
- ^ "AAPA World Port Rankings 2005". Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
- ^ "深圳港港口介绍". Retrieved 9 September 2016.
- ^ "Contact Us." Shenzhen Airlines. Retrieved on 9 September 2009.
- ^ "Contact Us Archived 2009-04-11 at the Wayback Machine." Jade Cargo International. Retrieved on 11 July 2010.
- ^ "UPS Launches Shenzhen Flights". Ups.com. 8 February 2010. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011.
- Shenzhen Donghai Airlines. Retrieved on 24 February 2014. "Address:Shenzhen Bao’an International Airport, Shenzhen Airlines. Post code:518128" – Chinese address: "地址:深圳市宝安区宝安国际机场航站四路3009号东海航空基地 邮政编码:518128"
- ^ "Contact Us." SF Airlines. Retrieved on 24 February 2014. "SF Airlines Co., Ltd. Address: No.1 Freight Depot, International Shipping Center of Bao'an International Airport, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518128, P.R.C." – Chinese address: "地 址:中国广东省深圳市宝安国际机场国际货运中心1号货站 邮 编:518128"
- ^ "Ferry Transfer." Hong Kong International Airport. Retrieved on May 8, 2018.
- ^ "Mainland Coaches." Hong Kong International Airport. Retrieved on May 8, 2018.
External links
Media related to Transport in Shenzhen at Wikimedia Commons