Transport in Yemen
As a direct consequence of the country's
Roads
Considering Yemen's size, its
In November 2005, the World Bank approved a US$40 million project to upgrade 200 kilometers of intermediate rural roads and 75 kilometers of village-access roads as part of a larger effort to strengthen Yemen's rural-road planning and engineering capabilities. Plans are underway to build an estimated US$1.6 billion highway linking Aden (in the south) and Amran (in the north). The road will include more than 10 tunnels and halve the travel time between the southern coast and the northern border with Saudi Arabia.[1]
Travel by road in Yemen is often unsafe. Within cities,
While traffic laws do exist, they are not always enforced. Drivers sometimes drive on the
The British government has a clear warning for their military and civilian employees, or British tourists, about using the roads in Yemen: “In the event of a breakdown of law and order access routes in and out of major cities may be blocked. If you wish to drive outside Sana’a you will need prior permission from the Yemen Tourist Police. Travel permits may take at least 24 hours to be issued and are easiest to obtain through a travel agent. Travel without such permission is likely to result in detention and possible deportation. You should be aware that the consular assistance we can offer outside Sana’a is limited due to restrictions on travel. There have been disturbances in Aden, Lahij and al-Dhali’, which have resulted in closures of the Aden-Sana’a road. These have been short-lived but if you intend to travel by road you should check that the road is open before starting your journey. You can drive in Yemen on an International Driving Permit. Driving standards are poor and mountain roads hazardous. You should avoid all road travel outside the main cities at night. Care should also be taken to avoid minefields left over from Yemen's civil wars. Travelling off well-used tracks without an experienced guide could be extremely hazardous, particularly in parts of the south and the central highlands."[3]
Railways
Yemen does not have any railways, despite several proposals. At the beginning of the 20th century, the Ottoman Empire suggested that the Hejaz railway be extended to Yemen, but this never materialized. In 1916 the Royal Engineers built a metre gauge railway from Ma'alla in Aden to Sheikh 'Othman. This was later extended to El Khudad, a total distance of 29 miles (47 km). The line was operated by the North Western Railway of India until it closed in 1929.[4] More recently, in 2005, the Yemeni government began to investigate rail connections as part of an overall initiative to upgrade its transportation infrastructure.[5] In 2008 the Gulf Cooperation Council announced that it had agreed to include Yemen in plans for an integrated regional rail system and launched feasibility studies.[6] Yemen has expressed preference for a coastal route beginning in Aden.[7]
Ports and merchant marine
Yemen's main
Facilities at Aden consist of the Maalla Terminal and the Aden Container Terminal (ACT), which opened in March 1999. The port can handle ro-ro ships, container ships, cargo ships, as well as tankers. In November 2003, following the October 2002 bombing of the French supertanker Limburg off the Yemen coast and the resultant dramatic drop in throughput at the Aden port, the Port of Singapore Authority sold its majority stake in the ACT back to the Yemeni government. In June 2005, Dubai Ports International was selected to manage and operate the ACT (and possibly Maalla Terminal) under a 30-year or longer contract; the Yemeni government will remain a minority shareholder. The Port of Aden has recovered well from the 2002 bombing. In 2004 it had annual traffic of approximately 2,000 vessels and 318,901 twenty-foot-equivalent units of containers, mostly handled by the ACT. For 2005, the port handled 317,897 twenty-foot-equivalent units of containers, more than double the amount for 2003. For the first seven months of 2006, the port handled 207, 687 twenty-foot-equivalent units of containers. However, in May 2006 the London insurance market's Joint War Committee placed Yemen on its list of “areas of perceived enhanced risk,” which is expected to add a war-risk insurance premium to ships operating in the country's coastal waters. This added premium, coupled with the availability of more secure ports in neighboring countries, will likely result in reduced throughput in Yemen's ports in the near future.[1]
There are 3 ships (1,000 gross tonnage (GT) or over) totaling 12,059 GT/18,563 tonnes deadweight (DWT) (one cargo ship and 2 petroleum tankers) (1999 est.).[1]
The International Maritime Bureau reports offshore waters in the
The
Yemen also has some
Inland Waterways
Yemen has no
Civil Aviation and Airports
Yemen has 57
Yemenia is the national airline; in 1996 it absorbed South Yemen, the former national carrier. It is expected that Yemenia, which is currently 49 percent owned by the Saudi Arabian government and 51 percent owned by the Yemen government, will eventually be privatized, but there has been resistance from the Saudis. In 2001 the airline carried 858,000 passengers. Because the airline's existing fleet of 12 airplanes is rapidly becoming outdated, in 2002 three new aircraft were leased for eight years, and in early 2006 the airline announced plans to acquire six new aircraft, with options for an additional four, beginning in 2012.[1]
Airports - with paved runways
total:
17
10,000 ft (3,000 m) and over:
4
8,000 to 9,999 ft (2,438 to 3,048 m):
9
5,000 to 7,000 ft (1,500 to 2,100 m):
3
3,000 to 4,999 ft (914 to 1,524 m):
1 (2012)
Airports - with unpaved runways
total:
40
10,000 ft (3,000 m) and over:
3
8,000 to 9,999 ft (2,438 to 3,048 m):
5
5,000 to 7,000 ft (1,500 to 2,100 m):
7
3,000 to 4,999 ft (914 to 1,524 m):
16
under 3,000 ft (910 m):
9 (2012)
Pipelines
According to the U.S. government, as of 2010 Yemen had a total of 1,262 kilometers of pipeline. This total includes pipeline designed for gas (88 kilometers) and oil (1,174 kilometers).[1]
oil 1367 km
gas 423 km
petroleum products: 22 km
See also
- Yemen Gulf of Aden Ports Corporation
- Yemen Red Sea Ports Corporation
- Yemen Arabian Sea Ports Corporation
Bibliography
- Hadden, Robert Lee. 2012. The Geology of Yemen: An Annotated Bibliography of Yemen's Geology, Geography and Earth Science. Alexandria, VA: US Army Corps of Engineers, Army Geospatial Center.
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Yemen country profile. Library of Congress Federal Research Division (December 2006). This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ Yemen country specific information Archived 2013-06-22 at the Wayback Machine. US Department of State (April 22, 2009). This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ Hadden, Robert Lee. 2012. The Geology of Yemen: An Annotated Bibliography of Yemen's Geology, Geography and Earth Science. Alexandria, VA: US Army Corps of Engineers, Army Geospatial Center.Page 38.
- ^ "Aden Railway". FIBIS. Retrieved 10 April 2018.
- ^ Yemen, Gulf get railway project on track, Yemen Observer, 13 May 2008
- ^ Gulf Railway Network to Link Yemen Mulled[permanent dead link], RoadEx-RailEx.com, 5 March 2008
- ^ Proposed railway to link Yemen with the Gulf Archived 2018-04-10 at the Wayback Machine, Yemen Today
- ^ Hadden, Robert Lee. 2012. The Geology of Yemen: An Annotated Bibliography of Yemen's Geology, Geography and Earth Science. Alexandria, VA: US Army Corps of Engineers, Army Geospatial Center. Page 40.