Transvestism

Page protected with pending changes
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Not to be confused with Travesti (gender identity), Transgender, or Transvestic fetishism.

Cross-dressing
History of cross-dressing
Key elements
Modern drag culture
Sexual practices
Other aspects
Passing as male
Passing as female
Organizations
Books
Theories

Transvestism is the practice of dressing in a manner traditionally or stereotypically associated with a different gender.

The terms transvestism and transvestite were coined by

cross-dressers, and also a variety of people who would now be considered transgender
.

The term transvestite is now considered outdated and derogatory, and has been replaced with the more neutral word cross-dresser.[1]

History

Though the term was coined as late as the 1910s by

National Socialism stopped this movement from 1933 onwards.[3]

Etymology

Gert Katter a female-to-male trans man who was one of Hirschfeld's patients, to wear male clothing.[4]

bisexual, and asexual orientations.[6]

Hirschfeld himself was not happy with the term: He believed that clothing was only an outward symbol chosen on the basis of various internal psychological situations.

sexual reassignment surgery. Hirschfeld's transvestites therefore were, in today's terms, not only transvestites, but a variety of people from the transgender spectrum.[5]

Hirschfeld also noticed that sexual arousal was often associated with transvestism.[5] In more recent terminology, this is sometimes called transvestic fetishism.[7] Hirschfeld also clearly distinguished between transvestism as an expression of a person's "contra-sexual" (transgender) feelings and fetishistic behavior, even if the latter involved wearing clothes of the other sex.[5]

Transvestite

Today, the term transvestite is commonly considered outdated and derogatory, with the term

cross-dresser used as a more appropriate replacement.[1][8][9][10]

The term transvestite was historically used to diagnose medical disorders, including mental health disorders, and transvestism was viewed as a disorder, while the term cross-dresser was coined by the trans community.[1][11]

In some cases, the term transvestite is seen as more appropriate for use by members of the trans community instead of by those outside of the trans community, and some have reclaimed the word.[12]

Transvestism as a disorder

When cross-dressing occurs for

erotic purposes over a period of at least six months and also causes significant distress or impairment, the behavior is considered a mental disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, and the psychiatric diagnosis "transvestic fetishism" is applied.[13]

The

International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) listed dual-role transvestism (non-sexual cross-dressing) and fetishistic transvestism (cross-dressing for sexual pleasure) as disorders in ICD-10 (1994).[14][15] Both items were removed for ICD-11 (2022).[16]

See also

Notes

  1. ^
    ISBN 978-0-313-39368-6
    . Retrieved October 21, 2016. Cross-dresser/cross-dressing. (1) The most neutral word to describe a person who dresses, at least partially or part of the time, and for any number of reasons, in clothing associated with another gender within a particular society. Carries no implications of 'usual' gender appearance, or sexual orientation. Has replaced transvestite, which is outdated, problematic, and generally offensive since it was historically used to diagnose medical/mental health disorders.
  2. PMID 19239958
    .
  3. ^ Rainer Herrn: Die Zeitschrift Das 3. Geschlecht in: Rainer Herrn (ed.): Das 3. Geschlecht – Reprint der 1930 – 1932 erschienenen Zeitschrift für Transvestiten, 2016, ISBN 9783863002176, p. 231 ff.
  4. ISBN 978-0-472-13035-1
    .
  5. ^ a b c d e Hirschfeld, Magnus: Die Transvestiten. Berlin 1910: Alfred Pulvermacher
    Hirschfeld, Magnus. (1910/1991). Transvestites: The erotic drive to cross dress. (M. A. Lombardi-Nash, Trans.) Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books.
  6. ^ Hirschfeld, Magnus. Geschlechtsverirrungen, 10th Ed. 1992, page 142 ff.
  7. OCLC 847226928
    .
  8. ISBN 978-1-4985-0006-7. Retrieved October 21, 2016. Eventually, the transvestite label fell out of favor because it was deemed to be derogatory; cross-dresser has emerged as a more suitable replacement (GLAAD
    , 2014b).
  9. ISBN 978-1-305-38833-8
    . Retrieved October 21, 2016. The term transvestite is often considered an offensive term.
  10. ISBN 978-1138336223
    . Transvestite: Outdated term previously used to describe a cross-dresser. Now considered pejorative.
  11. ISBN 0313393680
    . Retrieved October 21, 2016. A variety of derogatory terms are still used to describe any aspect of the transgender condition. [...] The term transvestite being older [than cross-dresser] and associated with the medical community's negative view of the practice, has come to be seen as a derogatory term. [...] The term cross-dresser, in contrast, having come from the transgender community itself, is a term seen as not possessing these negative connotations.
  12. ISBN 978-1-44628716-3
    . Retrieved October 21, 2016. The term transvestite should not be considered to be a safe term, and should certainly not be used as a noun, as in 'a transvestite'. Instead, and only when relevant, the term trans person should be used. [...] There are some people who have reclaimed the word transvestite and may also use the word tranny or TV to refer to themselves and others. [...] The term cross-dressing too is somewhat outdated and problematic as not only do many fashions allow any gender to wear them -- at least in many contemporary Western societies -- but it also suggests a strict dichotomy being reinforced by the person who uses it.
  13. ^ "DSM-V" (PDF). The DSM Diagnostic Criteria for Transvestic Fetishism. American Psychiatric Association. 2009. Retrieved February 4, 2013.
  14. ^ "ICD-10 Version:2016". icd.who.int. Retrieved 2019-10-11.
  15. ^ "ICD-10 Version:2016". icd.who.int. Retrieved 2019-10-11.
  16. ^ Bollinger, Alex (2019-05-28). "The World Health Organization will no longer classify being transgender as a 'mental disorder'". LGBTQ Nation. Retrieved 2019-10-11.

References

Further reading

External links

The dictionary definition of transvestite at Wiktionary

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transvestism&oldid=1218917626"