Travnik
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Travnik
Травник | |
---|---|
municipality | |
UTC+2 (CEST) | |
Postal code | 72270 |
Area code | +387 30 |
Website | www |
Travnik (Cyrillic: Травник) is a town and a municipality in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is the administrative center of Central Bosnia Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is situated in central Bosnia and Herzegovina, 90 kilometres (56 miles) west of Sarajevo. As of 2013,[update] the town had a population of 15,344 inhabitants, while the municipality had 53,482 inhabitants.
Historically, it was the capital city of the governors of Bosnia from 1699 to 1850, and has a cultural heritage dating from that period.[1]
Geography
Travnik is located near the geographic center of Bosnia and Herzegovina at 44°14′N 17°40′E / 44.233°N 17.667°E. The river
Travnik is found 514 metres (1,686 feet)
A large karst spring, the Plava Voda wellspring, rises under Vlašić mountain, just below Travnik Castle, in the very center of the Old Town of Travnik.
Climate
Travnik has a continental climate, located between the Adriatic sea to the South and Pannonia to the North. Average July temperature is 19.0 °C (66.2 °F). Average January temperature on the other hand is −1.0 °C (30.2 °F). It snows in Travnik every year.
Climate data for Travnik | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −1.0 (30.2) |
0.6 (33.1) |
3.9 (39.0) |
8.6 (47.5) |
13.3 (55.9) |
17.0 (62.6) |
19.0 (66.2) |
18.9 (66.0) |
14.3 (57.7) |
9.6 (49.3) |
4.8 (40.6) |
−0.2 (31.6) |
9.1 (48.3) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 63.9 (2.52) |
68.9 (2.71) |
59.3 (2.33) |
76.8 (3.02) |
94.9 (3.74) |
91.2 (3.59) |
87.5 (3.44) |
69.6 (2.74) |
106.8 (4.20) |
94.4 (3.72) |
111.4 (4.39) |
106.2 (4.18) |
1,030.9 (40.58) |
Average rainy days | 6 | 7 | 11 | 16 | 15 | 13 | 10 | 11 | 10 | 12 | 10 | 8 | 129 |
Average snowy days | 10 | 9 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 9 | 43 |
Average dew point °C (°F) | −4 (25) |
−2 (28) |
0 (32) |
2 (36) |
7 (45) |
11 (52) |
12 (54) |
11 (52) |
10 (50) |
6 (43) |
0 (32) |
−2 (28) |
4 (40) |
Source 1: Climate Charts(temperatures-precipitation 1993-2022)[2] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: unipage.net(Rain and snow days-dew point)[3] |
History
Although there is evidence of some settlement in the region dating back to the Bronze Age, the true history of Travnik begins during the first few centuries AD. Dating from this time there are numerous indications of Roman settlement in the region, including graves, forts, the remains of various other structures, early Christian basilicas, etc. In the town itself, Roman coins and plaques have been found. Some writing found indicates the settlement is closely connected to the known Roman colony in modern-day Zenica, 30 km (19 mi) away.
In the Middle Ages the Travnik area was known as the župa Lašva province of the medieval
After the
The period of Austrian occupation brought westernization and industry to Travnik, but also a reduction of importance. While cities such as Banja Luka, Sarajevo, Tuzla, and Zenica grew rapidly, Travnik changed so little that during 1991 it had a mere 30,000 or so people, with 70,000 in the entire municipality.
A large fire started by a spark from a locomotive in September 1903 destroyed most of the town's buildings and homes, leaving only some hamlets and the fortress untouched.[4] The cleanup and rebuilding took several years.[5]
From 1922 to 1929, Travnik was the capital of the Travnik Oblast. From 1929 to 1941, Travnik was part of the Drina Banovina of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.
During the Bosnian War, the town mostly escaped damage from conflict with Serbian forces, hosting refugees from nearby Jajce, but the area experienced fighting between local Bosniak and Croat factions before the Washington Agreement was signed in 1994. After the war, Travnik was made the capital of the Central Bosnia Canton.
Administration
Travnik is the administrative centre of the Municipality of Travnik, whose area of jurisdiction covers the town of Travnik itself and 89 other rural settlements.
Party | Number of representatives | Current number of representatives | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2000. | 2004. | 2008. | 2012. | |||||||||||||
SDA
|
14 / 31
|
15 / 31
|
11 / 31
|
|||||||||||||
SDP BiH | 6 / 25
|
2 / 25
|
2 / 25
|
5 / 25
|
||||||||||||
HDZ BiH
|
7 / 31
|
6 / 31
|
8 / 31
|
4 / 31
|
||||||||||||
SBB BiH | 4 / 31
|
|||||||||||||||
HDZ 1990
|
0 / 31
|
2 / 31
|
||||||||||||||
HSS-NHI
|
2 / 31
|
1 / 31
|
1 / 31
|
1 / 31
|
||||||||||||
HSS SR | 1 / 31
|
|||||||||||||||
LDS BiH | 1 / 31
|
0 / 31
|
1 / 31
|
|||||||||||||
Sources:[7][8][9][10] |
Economy
The economy of the Travnik region suffered greatly during the war period of the early 1990s. In 1981 Travnik's GDP per capita was 63% of the Yugoslav average.
Tourism
Like many Bosnian towns, Travnik's tourism is based largely on its history and geography. Nearby
Demographics
Population
Population of settlements – Travnik municipality | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Settlement | 1971 | 1981 | 1991 | 2013 | |
Total | 55,822 | 64,100 | 70,747 | 53,482 | |
1 | Bačvice | 747 | 574 | ||
2 | Bijelo Bučje | 924 | 707 | ||
3 | Bilići | 335 | 287 | ||
4 | Brajići | 625 | 628 | ||
5 | Brajkovići | 521 | 394 | ||
6 | Brankovac | 298 | 255 | ||
7 | Čosići | 683 | 433 | ||
8 | Čukle | 1,348 | 524 | ||
9 | Đelilovac | 1,229 | 777 | ||
10 | Dolac | 700 | 480 | ||
11 | Dolac na Lašvi | 504 | 456 | ||
12 | Donje Krčevine | 497 | 317 | ||
13 | Dub | 962 | 988 | ||
14 | Gladnik | 330 | 332 | ||
15 | Gluha Bukovica | 1,041 | 878 | ||
16 | Goleš | 1,081 | 425 | ||
17 | Gornje Krčevine | 759 | 576 | ||
18 | Gradina | 609 | 383 | ||
19 | Grahovčići | 1,215 | 403 | ||
20 | Grahovik | 342 | 277 | ||
21 | Guča Gora | 847 | 511 | ||
22 | Hamandžići | 501 | 256 | ||
23 | Han Bila | 682 | 655 | ||
24 | Jezerci | 643 | 338 | ||
25 | Kljaci | 739 | 634 | ||
26 | Krpeljići | 722 | 629 | ||
27 | Kula | 450 | 528 | ||
28 | Maline | 1,483 | 1,095 | ||
29 | Mosor | 319 | 265 | ||
30 | Mudrike | 748 | 550 | ||
31 | Nova Bila | 770 | 692 | ||
32 | Orahovo | 399 | 328 | ||
33 | Ovčarevo | 564 | 496 | ||
34 | Paklarevo | 1,258 | 975 | ||
35 | Podkraj | 462 | 507 | ||
36 | Podovi | 1,039 | 1,076 | ||
37 | Podstinje | 722 | 538 | ||
38 | Pokrajčići | 1,378 | 1,540 | ||
39 | Poljanice | 296 | 250 | ||
40 | Polje Slavka Gavrančića | 415 | 344 | ||
41 | Pulac | 498 | 417 | ||
42 | Putićevo | 1,523 | 1,193 | ||
43 | Radića Brdo | 315 | 230 | ||
44 | Radojčići | 293 | 312 | ||
45 | Ričice | 653 | 584 | ||
46 | Seferi | 527 | 417 | ||
47 | Selići | 448 | 302 | ||
48 | Šipovik | 352 | 202 | ||
49 | Slimena | 934 | 1,231 | ||
50 | Suhi Dol | 576 | 482 | ||
51 | Travnik | 12,977 | 15,888 | 19,041 | 16,534 |
52 | Turbe | 4,549 | 3,890 | ||
53 | Turići | 795 | 650 | ||
54 | Varošluk | 736 | 693 | ||
55 | Višnjevo | 967 | 958 | ||
56 | Vitovlje | 708 | 576 | ||
57 | Vlahovići | 344 | 309 | ||
58 | Zagrađe | 631 | 447 |
Ethnic composition
Ethnic composition – Travnik | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2013 | 1991 | 1981 | 1971 | ||||
Total | 15,344 (100,0%) | 19,041 (100,0%) | 15,888 (100,0%) | 12,977 (100,0%) | |||
Bosniaks | 10,899 (71,03%) | 7,373 (38,72%) | 5,822 (36,64%) | 5,730 (44,16%) | |||
Croats | 2,847 (18,55%) | 6,043 (31,74%) | 5,026 (31,63%) | 4,538 (34,97%) | |||
Others | 1,276 (8,316%) | 694 (3,645%) | 89 (0,560%) | 122 (0,940%) | |||
Serbs | 322 (2,09%) | 2,131 (11,19%) | 1,901 (11,97%) | 1,894 (14,60%) | |||
Yugoslavs | 2,800 (14,71%) | 2 867 (18,05%) | 486 (3,745%) | ||||
Montenegrins | 89 (0,560%) | 102 (0,786%) | |||||
Albanians | 48 (0,302%) | 30 (0,231%) | |||||
Slovenes | 30 (0,189%) | 44 (0,339%) | |||||
Macedonians | 9 (0,057%) | 21 (0,162%) | |||||
Hungarians | 7 (0,044%) | 10 (0,077%) |
Ethnic composition – Travnik municipality | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2013 | 1991 | 1981 | 1971 | ||||
Total | 53,482 (100,0%) | 70,747 (100,0%) | 64,100 (100,0%) | 55,822 (100,0%) | |||
Bosniaks | 35,648 (66,65%) | 31,813 (44,97%) | 27,691 (43,20%) | 24,480 (43,85%) | |||
Croats | 15,102 (28,24%) | 26,118 (36,92%) | 24,411 (38,08%) | 22,645 (40,57%) | |||
Others | 2,092 (3,912%) | 1,296 (1,832%) | 325 (0,507%) | 246 (0,441%) | |||
Serbs | 640 (1,197%) | 7,777 (10,99%) | 7,487 (11,68%) | 7,554 (13,53%) | |||
Yugoslavs | 3,743 (5,291%) | 3,920 (6,115%) | 626 (1,121%) | ||||
Montenegrins | 126 (0,197%) | 133 (0,238%) | |||||
Albanians | 63 (0,098%) | 36 (0,064%) | |||||
Slovenes | 32 (0,050%) | 49 (0,088%) | |||||
Macedonians | 22 (0,034%) | 25 (0,045%) | |||||
Roma | 16 (0,025%) | 18 (0,032%) | |||||
Hungarians | 7 (0,011%) | 10 (0,018%) |
Culture
Travnik has a strong culture, mostly dating back to its time as the center of local government in the Ottoman Empire. Travnik has a popular old town district, which dates back to the period of Bosnian independence during the first half of the 15th century. Numerous mosques and churches exist in the region, as do tombs of important historical figures and excellent examples of Ottoman architecture. The town museum, built in 1950, is one of the more impressive cultural institutions in the region.
One of the main works of Ivo Andrić, a native of Travnik, is the Bosnian Chronicle (or Travnik Chronicle),[12] depicting life in Travnik during the Napoleonic Wars and itself written during World War II.
The
Sport
The local
Transport
Rail
Travnik, like the Central Bosnia currently has no rail links. In the past, the city was served by a narrow-gauge railway which has since been abandoned.
Notable people
- Nobel Prize for literature
- Miroslav Ćiro Blažević, professional football manager and player
- Muharem Bazdulj, Bosnian novelist and journalist.
- Nura Bazdulj-Hubijar, Bosnian poet and novelist.
- Josip and Zlatko Pejaković, brother artists, actors, and musicians
- Davor Džalto, artist, art historian, theologian, and philosopher
- Nikša Bratoš, composer and arranger of contemporary music
- Oliver Frljić, theatre director
- Vjekoslav Kramer, chef
- Sena Jurinac, operatic soprano
- Solomon Gaon, Sephardic Rabbi and Hakham
- Mirosław Ferić, fighter pilot
- Nikola Mandić, politician
- Vegeta
- Frano Zubić, Bosnian Franciscan
- Larisa Cerić, judoka and European Championship silver medalist
- Mladen Solomun, DJ and music producer
- Vildana Selimbegović, journalist and editor of Oslobođenje
Twin towns – sister cities
Travnik is twinned with:[13][14]
Gallery
-
Suleimania Mosque
-
Suleimania Mosque
-
Suleimania Mosque
-
Suleimania Mosque
-
Sahat Kula, Clock Tower
-
Another Clock Tower
-
View from Travnik Castle
-
Birthplace (home) of Ivo Andrić
-
Poturmahala.
-
Old Town
-
Entry to Travnik from eastern side
References
- ^ "OVGuide | Online Video Guide". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 24 January 2013.
- , retrieved 14 March 2024,
Data Source: CRU Time Series v4.07
- ^ "Weather, climate, temperature by months in Travnik". Unipage. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: postscript (link) - ISBN 9781841624495. Retrieved 20 October 2014.
- ^ Henderson, Percy Edward (1909). A British Officer in the Balkans; page 196. Retrieved 20 October 2014.
- ^ "B&H, 2013 census". Retrieved 15 September 2020.
- ^ "LOKALNI IZBORI 2012 | PRELIMINARNI, NEZVANIČNI I NEKOMPLETNI / NEPOTPUNI REZULTATI". www.izbori.ba.
- ^ "Općinski izbori 2000: izvor glasova. Izbori za općinsko vijeće: Općina Travnik" (PDF). izbori.ba. Središnje izborno povjerenstvo Bosne i Hercegovine. Retrieved 22 March 2014.
- ^ "Izbori 2004. godine: glasovi za kandidate. Izbori za općinsko vijeće: Općina Travnik" (PDF). izbori.ba. Središnje izborno povjerenstvo Bosne i Hercegovine. Retrieved 22 March 2014.
- ^ "Potvrđeni izborni rezultati: lokalni izbori 2008. Izbori za općinsko vijeće: Općina Travnik". izbori.ba. Središnje izborno povjerenstvo Bosne i Hercegovine. Archived from the original on 6 November 2013. Retrieved 22 March 2014.
- ^ Radovinović, Radovan; Bertić, Ivan, eds. (1984). Atlas svijeta: Novi pogled na Zemlju (in Croatian) (3rd ed.). Zagreb: Sveučilišna naklada Liber.
- ^ "Bosnian Chronicle". Ivoandric.org.rs. Archived from the original on 23 December 2010. Retrieved 15 June 2011.
- ^ "Bratimljeni gradovi". opcinatravnik.com.ba (in Bosnian). Travnik. Retrieved 29 December 2020.
- ^ "Zakazana 39.redovna sjednica Općinskog vijeća". opcinatravnik.com.ba (in Bosnian). Travnik. 9 May 2019. Retrieved 29 December 2020.
External links
- Travnik official website
- Dnevnik srednje bosne
- Internacionalni Univerzitet Travnik
- Information about town
- Travnik — A town guide (in English)