Treaty of Constantinople (1700)
The Treaty of Constantinople or Istanbul was signed on 13 July 1700 between the
became involved in this war
.
Background
As a member of the anti-
Balkan provinces, and the military position of Russia,[3] as well as the lack of support by the other Holy League members.[1]
In the fall, the tsar sent
the Russian war gains around Azov and a free access to the Black Sea for Russia's commercial vessels.[4] When the negotiations progressed slowly[4] and Peter the Great came under time pressure to attack the Swedish Empire in the Great Northern War (see below),[5] he urged Ukraintsev to come to a peace soon, and the Russian condition of Black Sea access was dropped.[4]
Terms
The treaty was concluded on 3 July (
Muscovy by the Golden Horde.[3] The fortresses along the Dnieper river, razed by Russian forces, were returned to the Ottoman Empire.[3] The lower Dniepr area, south of the Zaporozhian Sich, and the area between Perekop and Miuskiy Gorodok was declared a demilitarized zone.[2] The sultan asserted that his subordinates, the Crimean Tatars, would not attack Russia; in turn, the tsar promised that his subordinates, the Don Cossacks and Zaporozhian Cossacks, would not attack the Ottoman Empire.[2]
Both parties promised not to build any fortifications along the border. The Ottoman Empire also promised to free Russian prisoners of war. The sultan further allowed free passage for Russian pilgrims to the Holy Land and a Russian diplomatic representation in Constantinople.[8]
Impact of the Great Northern War
The treaty's conclusion and its supersession in 1710 was closely tied to the
Holstein-Gottorp.[9] Peter's attack however was conditional, it was agreed that it would only start after the Russo-Ottoman peace was concluded.[9] As a consequence, the Russian attack was delayed to a point where Denmark-Norway was already defeated when Peter the Great marched his army out of Moscow,[10] enabling Sweden to face the Russian attack on Ingria and successfully repulse it.[11]
The Ottoman Empire became involved in the war nine years later, when
Pruth Campaign.[12] As a consequence, the treaty of Constantinople was superseded by the Treaty of the Pruth (1711), by which Azov was returned to the sultan and subsequently razed,[12] and the Treaty of Adrianople (1713), which restored peace between the Russian and Ottoman empires scheduled to last twenty-five years.[13] Though the sultan declared war on Peter three times in the time between Pruth and Adrianople, no actual fighting occurred,[13] thus the Pruth treaty effectively ended the Ottoman intervention in the Great Northern War.[12]
Sources
- References
- ^ a b Anderson (2000), p. 212
- ^ a b c d e f Davies (2007), p. 187
- ^ a b c d e f Torke (1997), p. 110
- ^ a b c d e f g Phillips (1995), p. 102
- ^ Frost (2000), p. 228; Torke (1997), p. 110
- ^ Davies (2007), p. 199.
- ^ Davies (2007), p. 187; Torke (1997), p. 110
- ^ Oliva (1969), p. 57
- ^ a b Frost (2000), p. 228
- ^ Frost (2000), p. 229
- ^ Frost (2000), p. 230
- ^ a b c d Frost (2000), p. 294
- ^ a b Frost (2000), p. 295
- Bibliography
- Anderson, Matthew Smith (2000). Europe in the eighteenth century, 1713-1789. General history of Europe (4 ed.). Longman. ISBN 0-582-35744-6.
- Davies, Brian L. (2007). Warfare, state and society on the Black Sea steppe, 1500-1700. Warfare and history. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-23986-9.
- Frost, Robert I (2000). The Northern Wars. War, State and Society in Northeastern Europe 1558-1721. Longman. ISBN 978-0-582-06429-4.
- Oliva, Lawrence Jay (1969). Russia in the era of Peter the Great. New insights in history. Prentice-Hall.
- Phillips, Edward J. (1995). The founding of Russia's navy. Peter the Great and the Azov Fleet, 1688-1714. Contributions in military studies. Vol. 159. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 0-313-29520-4.
- Torke, Hans-Joachim (1997). Einführung in die Geschichte Russlands (in German). C.H.Beck. ISBN 3-406-42304-3.