Treaty of Florence

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Treaty of Florence

Ferdinand IV of Naples
Type	Peace treaty
Signed	28 March 1801
Location	Florence
Signatories	Napoleon King Ferdinand

The Treaty of Florence (28 March 1801), which followed the Armistice of Foligno (9 February 1801), brought to an end the war between the

vessels.

Napoleon was relatively lenient to the defenseless Kingdom of Naples thanks to his need to appease Tsar Paul I of Russia and its allies of the Second League of Armed Neutrality. The Tsar, who was assassinated less than a week before the signing of the treaty, was concerned with the French advance in Italy and had decided to support the King of Naples. The First Consul, wanting to attract the Tsar to his side in the strife in Europe, was forced to allow Ferdinand IV to remain on the throne albeit now as an ally of France.

Context

In the early 19th century, France, with Napoleon in charge, was at war against the

in 1800.

After the victories of Napoleon's army in the campaign of 1800 at

. Naples, which had until Marengo been helped by the Holy Roman Empire, was now at the mercy of the powerful French Army.

Ferdinand IV of Naples was the brother of

Emperor Leopold II

.

Agreements

Armistice of Foligno

With the advance of the French Army under General Joachim Murat, Count Roger de Damas, in command of the Neapolitan troops, sent Colonel Micheroux to negotiate a preliminary armistice for one month. The final armistice was signed in Foligno on 9 February, a few days later.

Treaty of Florence

The final treaty was signed on 28 March in Florence with the mediation of the Russian general Lewaschef, who was sent by the Tsar Paul I at the request of Maria Carolina. The main points of the agreement were:

• King Ferdinand would be restored to the Neapolitan throne.
• Naples would to cede the
  Porto Longone and the vassal Principality of Piombino
  to France.
• Neapolitan troops would withdraw from the Papal States.
• Neapolitan ports would be closed to British and Ottoman ships.
• Trading privileges would be granted to France.
• Naples would allow the stationing of French troops, with Neapolitan financial support, on Neapolitan territory for a year the city of
  Terra d'Otranto, including the cities of Brindisi and Otranto
  .
• Prisoners-of-war on both sides, including the French scientist Déodat Gratet de Dolomieu, would be released, and Naples would amnesty imprisoned and exiled Jacobins.
• The statue Athena of Velletri would be returned to France.

Effects and aftermath

The Principality of Piombino and the State of Presidi were ceded to the Kingdom of Etruria, in exchange for the Spanish colony of Louisiana, as agreed in the Treaty of San Ildefonso of 1800.

In May 1801 the French general

. After the signing of peace between France and Russia in October 1801, French troops temporarily evacuated the Neapolitan territory, occupying the country again in 1803 against the threat from the British fleet.

With the Treaty of Florence, together with the Treaties of Lunéville and

.

Sources

• The Encyclopedia of World History (2001)

External links

• Media related to Treaty of Florence at Wikimedia Commons

Preceded by Treaty of Lunéville

French Revolution: Revolutionary campaigns Treaty of Florence

Succeeded by Algeciras campaign