Treaty of the Eighteen Articles
The Treaty of the Eighteen Articles was a proposal for a treaty between Belgium and the Netherlands to establish borders between the two countries.
The initial proposal was finalised in London on 26 June 1831.[1]
Background
The Belgian Revolution of 1830 challenged the territorial settlement of the Congress of Vienna, and - with French support for Belgium, but the opposition of the other continental Great Powers - threatened another continent-wide war.[2]
A conference was therefore organised in London, where France and England took the lead in arbitrating a solution.[3]
Outcome
Among the more controversial issues debated in London 1830-1 were the financial settlement between the newly independent Belgium and Holland, and the territorial issue, with the disposal of Luxemburg and Limburg being especially inflammatory elements.[4]
Though the Treaty of Eighteen Articles (as set out in July 1831) was accepted by Belgium, it failed due to the resistance of the Dutch
A new Conference saw the Eighteen Articles succeeded by the Treaty of London, incorporating the Treaty of the Twenty-Four Articles of October 1831.[7]
See also
References
- ^ "State Papers". 1832.
- ^ G M Trevelyan British History in the 19th Century (London 1922) p. 232-3
- ^ E Halevy, The Triumph of Reform (London 1961) p. 7 and p. 20-1
- ^ H A L Fisher, A History of Europe (London 1936) p. 892
- ^ Neutrality of Belgium
- ^ D Richards, Modern Europe (London 1964) p. 89
- ^ E Halevy, The Triumph of Reform (London 1961) p. 73-4
External links
- Chronology: The July Monarchy (1830 - 1848)
- Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911. p. 231. .