Treblinka, Masovian Voivodeship
Treblinka | |
---|---|
Village | |
Ostrów Mazowiecka | |
Gmina | Małkinia Górna |
Population | 330 |
Treblinka (Polish pronunciation:
It is known as the site during World War II of
World War II history
Treblinka was the location of
The first deportations took place in the course of the
The onset of the
The first commandant of the camp, from July 11, 1942 until 31 August 1942, was Irmfried Eberl, relieved of his duties for not being efficient and secretive enough about the camp's murder operation.[4] He was succeeded by Franz Stangl (previously the commandant of Sobibor extermination camp) as the second commandant of Treblinka II Vernichtungslager from 1 September 1942 until the 1943 Jewish uprising.[4]
The Nazi hierarchy took measures to modify the killing process under Stangl, who built more-efficient gas chambers and massive cremation pyres for the incineration of corpses.[3] When the Treblinka death camp ended operations in October 1943, the Nazis attempted (in vain) to remove all evidence of its existence and the mass murder carried out there. Relatively little physical evidence remains. It can be examined at the Treblinka Museum, which is led by Edward Kopówka. The number of visitors there has been steadily growing.[4]
An earlier forced-labor camp known as Treblinka I
Treblinka extermination camp museum
The construction of a stone monument with abstract reliefs and Jewish symbols was inaugurated on 21 April 1958 based on a design by sculptor
The camp custodian's house (built nearby in 1960)
Footnotes
- ^ Translation from Polish: The name of the Mausoleum of the Fight and Martyrdom was introduced during the official unveiling of the monument which took place on 10 May 1964. The event was attended by 30,000 people. ... Original: "Oficjalne odsłonięcie pomnika odbyło się 10 maja 1964 r. Przyjęto wtedy nazwę tego miejsca – 'Mauzoleum Walki i Męczeństwa w Treblince'. ... Odsłonięcia dokonał wicemarszałek Sejmu PRL – Zenon Kliszko. Wśród zebranych byli więźniowie Treblinki II: Jankiel Wiernik z Izraela, Richard Glazar z Czechosłowacji, Berl Duszkiewicz z Francji i Zenon Gołaszewski z Polski."[8]
- ^ The custodian and the first director of the Treblinka camp museum was Tadeusz Kiryluk, who was originally from Wólka Okrąglik.[9]
Citations
- ^ Clancy Young, Treblinka. Archived 2013-05-22 at the Wayback Machine Holocaust Research Project.
- ^ S.J., C.L. (2007). "Franciszek Zabecki – The Station Master at Treblinka. Eyewitness to the Revolt – 2 August 1943". Holocaust Research Project.org. Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team. Retrieved 14 August 2013.
- ^ a b c Kopówka & Rytel-Andrianik 2011, chpt. Treblinka II.
- ^ a b c BBC History of World War II. Auschwitz; Inside the Nazi State. Part 3: Factories of Death.
- ISBN 83-915036-6-6. Retrieved 15 August 2013.
- ^ a b Kopówka, Edward (4 February 2010). "The Memorial". Treblinka. Nigdy wiecej, Siedlce 2002, pp. 5–54. Muzeum Walki i Męczeństwa w Treblince. Oddział Muzeum Regionalnego w Siedlcach [Museum of Struggle and Martyrdom at Treblinka. Division of the Regional Museum in Siedlce]. Retrieved 3 September 2015.
- ^ Marcuse, Harold (February 2010). "Holocaust Memorials: The Emergence of a Genre" (PDF file, direct download 26.3 MB). American Historical Review: 35–36 of current PDF document. Retrieved 23 October 2013.
Beginning with the Buchenwald memorial and numerous designs for the Birkenau competition, and continuing with the Île de la Cité in Paris, Treblinka, and Yad Vashem near Jerusalem, such experiential spaces have become a hallmark of major Holocaust memorials.
- ^ a b Kopówka & Rytel-Andrianik 2011, p. 122.
- ^ Kopówka & Rytel-Andrianik 2011, p. 121.
- ^ Memorial Museums.org (2013). "Treblinka Museum of Struggle and Martyrdom". Remembrance. Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Retrieved 3 September 2015.
References
- rescuers of Jewsimprisoned at Treblinka, selected testimonies, bibliography, alphabetical indexes, photographs, English language summaries and forewords by Holocaust scholars.
- Map of Treblinka
- Jewish Community of Treblinka on Virtual Shtetl