Tremarctos floridanus
| Tremarctos floridanus Temporal range:
| |
|---|---|
| |
| T. floridanus skeleton | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Carnivora |
| Family: | Ursidae |
| Genus: | Tremarctos |
| Species: | †T. floridanus
|
| Binomial name | |
| †Tremarctos floridanus (Gidley, 1928)
| |
| Synonyms | |
|
Arctodus floridanus Gidley, 1928 | |
Tremarctos floridanus, occasionally called the Florida spectacled bear, Florida cave bear, or rarely Florida short-faced bear, is an extinct
Ursidae, subfamily Tremarctinae. T. floridanus was widespread in the Southeastern United States during the Rancholabrean
epoch (250,000–11,000 years ago), with scattered reports of fossils from other parts of North America and from earlier epochs.
Environment
T. floridanus was widely distributed south of the continental ice sheet, along the
Gulf Coast through Florida, north to Tennessee and South Carolina during the Rancholabrean epoch (250,000–11,000 years ago). A few fossil specimens have been reported from the Irvingtonian (2.5 million–250,000 years ago) and Blancan (4.75–1.8 million years ago) epochs in western North America,[1] although western specimens disappear in the Rancholabrean.[2] Fossils of T. floridanus have been reported from two sites in Belize.[3][4]
Devil's Den in Florida).[5]
Taxonomy
Originally, Gidley named this animal Arctodus floridanus in 1928. It was recombined as T. floridanus by Kurten (1963), Lundelius (1972) and Kurten and Anderson (1980).[6][7] The type specimen was found in the Golf Course site of the Melbourne Bone Bed in Melbourne, Florida.[1]
Fossil distribution
Sites:
- Anza-Borrego, California (Irvingtonian epoch)[8]
- Aucilla River in Jefferson County, Florida[1]
- Cebada Cave, Belize[3]
- Cutler Fossil Site, Miami-Dade County, Florida[9]
- Devil's Den Cave, Marion County, Florida[10]
- Edisto Beach, South Carolina (Rancholabrean epoch)[11]
- El Golfo, Sonora (Irvingtonian epoch)[8]
- Extinction Cave, Belize[4]
- Haile Quarry site, Alachua County, Florida[1]
- Harleyville, South Carolina (Rancholabrean epoch)[11]
- Ingleside, Texas[12]
- Myrtle Beach, South Carolina (Rancholabrean epoch)[11]
- Rock Spring, Orange County, Florida[1]
- Runnymede Plantation, South Carolina ("Tremarctos sp.")[13]
- San Simon, Arizona ("Tremarctos sp.", late Blancan epoch)[8]
- Other sites in Florida, including in Alachua, Brevard, Citrus, Columbia, DeSoto, Duval, Indian River, Lake, Levy, Marion, Miami-Dade, Nassau, Pinellas, St. Johns, Taylor and Volusia counties.[1]
References
- ^ a b c d e f Harrington, Arianna (April 10, 2015). "Tremarctos floridanus". Florida Museum (University of Florida). Archived from the original on October 30, 2021. Retrieved February 26, 2022.
- ^ Lucas, Spencer G.; Sullivan, Robert M. Vertebrate Paleontology in New Mexico: Bulletin 68. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science.
- ^ a b Czaplewski, Nicolas J.; Krejca, Jean; Miller, Thomas E. (2003). "Late Quaternary Bats from Cebada Cave, Chiquibul Cave System,Belize" (PDF). Caribbean Journal of Science. 39: 23 – via Belize Foundation for Research and Environmental Education.
- ^ S2CID 182629185.
- ^ Kurtén and Anderson: 56, 178-79
- ^ E. L. Lundelius. 1972. Bureau of Economic Geology Report of Investigations 77.
- ^ Kurtén and Anderson: 178-80
- ^ a b c "Tremarctos floridanus-Florida spectacled bear". UTEP Biodiversity Collections. 3 April 2013. Retrieved February 27, 2022.
- ISBN 978-0-8130-4206-0.
- ISBN 978-0-8130-3204-7.
- ^ ISBN 9780871699251– via Google Books.
- ^ Kurtén, Björn (June 1, 1963). "Fossil Bears from Texas" (PDF). The Pearce-Sellard Series (1): 13 – via University of Texas Libraries.
- ^ "Tremarctos sp., Bear tooth". The Charleston Museum. Retrieved February 27, 2022.
- Kurtén, Björn; Elaine Anderson (1980). Pleistocene Mammals of North America. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-03733-3. Retrieved 26 January 2013.