Trevi Fountain
Trevi Fountain
Fontana di Trevi | |
---|---|
Fountain | |
Travertine stone | |
Location | Rome, Italy |
Click on the map for a fullscreen view | |
Coordinates: 41°54′3″N 12°28′59″E / 41.90083°N 12.48306°E |
The Trevi Fountain (
History before 1629
The fountain, at the junction of three roads (tre vie),
Name origin
The name of the fountain derives from the Latin word trivium (intersection of three streets). The statue is located right in the center of Via De' Crocicchi, Via Poli and Via Delle Muratte.[6]
Roman aqueducts
During the sixth century, the aqueducts were not well maintained and the 14 functioning ones were damaged during the invasion of the Ostrogoths.[citation needed]
The virgin water aqueduct carries the water to the Trevi Fountain, after having collected it 10 km from the Italian capital.[citation needed]
The aqueduct is still in use today, despite some interventions during which the fountain remained empty. Calcium-free water is thought to be one of the causes[further explanation needed].[7]
Commission, construction, and design
In 1629,
Competitions had become popular during the Baroque era to design buildings, fountains, as well as the Spanish Steps. In 1730, Pope Clement XII organized a contest in which Nicola Salvi initially lost to Alessandro Galilei – but due to the outcry in Rome over a Florentine having won, Salvi was awarded the commission anyway.[10] Work began in 1732.
Salvi died in 1751 with his work half finished, but he had made sure a barber's unsightly sign would not spoil the ensemble, hiding it behind a sculpted vase,[11] called by Romans the asso di coppe, the "Ace of Cups", because of its resemblance to a Tarot card.[12] Four different sculptors were hired to complete the fountain's decorations: Pietro Bracci (whose statue of Oceanus sits in the central niche), Filippo della Valle, Giovanni Grossi, and Andrea Bergondi.[13] Giuseppe Pannini (1718-1805), son of Giovanni Paolo Panini, was hired as architect.[14]
The Trevi Fountain was finished in 1762 by Pannini, who substituted the present allegories for planned sculptures of Agrippa and Trivia, the Roman virgin.[15] It was officially opened and inaugurated on 22 May by Pope Clement XIII.[16]
The majority of the piece is made from Travertine stone, quarried near Tivoli, about 35 kilometres (22 miles) east of Rome.[17]
Restoration
The fountain was refurbished once in 1988 to remove discoloration caused by smog,[18] and again in 1998; the stonework was scrubbed and all cracks and other areas of deterioration were repaired by skilled artisans, and the fountain was equipped with recirculating pumps.[19]
In January 2013, it was announced that the Italian fashion company Fendi would sponsor a 20-month, 2.2-million-euro restoration of the fountain; it was to be the most thorough restoration in the fountain's history.[20]
Restoration work began in June 2014 and was completed in November 2015. The fountain was reopened with an official ceremony on the evening of 3 November 2015. The restoration included the installation of more than 100 LED lights to improve the nighttime illumination of the fountain.[21][22][23]
2023 protest
On May 21, 2023, activists of the climate group
Iconography
The backdrop for the fountain is the
In the centre, a robustly-modelled
The Tritons and horses provide symmetrical balance, with the maximum contrast in their mood and poses[citation needed] (by 1730, Rococo was already in full bloom in France and Germany).
Coin throwing
Coins are purportedly meant to be thrown using the right hand over the left shoulder.
An estimated 3,000 euros are thrown into the fountain each day.[32] In 2016, an estimated €1.4 million (US$1.5 million) was thrown into the fountain.[33] The money has been used to subsidize a supermarket for Rome's poor;[32] however, there are regular attempts to steal coins from the fountain, even though it is illegal to do so.[32][34][35]
Gallery
-
Trevi Fountain
-
Sculptures at night
-
Trevi Fountain papal coat of arms
-
Trevi Fountain as viewed from the right side
In popular culture
This section needs additional citations for verification. (May 2022) |
The fountain has appeared in several films, including
The Trevi Fountain is depicted in the third movement, "The Trevi Fountain at Noon", of Ottorino Respighi's 1916 symphonic poem Fountains of Rome.[38]
In
In 1973, the
Replica
A 11 m high and 20.6 m wide similar façade construction as monument was built in 2023 at Serra Negra, Brazil.[39]
Another copy is located near Caesars Palace in Las Vegas, and yet another replica can be found in the Jamsil station of the Seoul Metro Subway.
See also
References
- ^ "Trevi Fountain | fountain, Rome, Italy | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Archived from the original on 28 January 2022. Retrieved 25 April 2023.
- ^ "Trevi Fountain". Britannica.com - Trevi-Fountain.
- ^ Though other etymologies have been suggested, this is the straightforward modern etymology adopted by Pinto 1986 and others.
- ^ The technical Italian term for such a "terminal fountain" is a ("display"): Peter J. Aicher, "Terminal Display Fountains ("Mostre") and the Aqueducts of Ancient Rome" Phoenix 47.4 (Winter 1993:339–352).
- ^ ISBN 0300033354.
- ^ "fontana-di-trevi" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 July 2021. Retrieved 2 March 2021.
- ^ "Trevi: LA FONTANA DI TREVI, sezione: restaurazione". 3 February 2019. Archived from the original on 25 January 2021. Retrieved 3 March 2021.
- ^ John A. Pinto, "An Early Project by Nicola Michetti for the Trevi Fountain" The Burlington Magazine 119 No. 897 (December 1977:853–857).
- ^ Pinto, John; Elisabeth Kieven (December 1983). "An Early Project by Ferdinando Fuga for the Trevi Fountain in Rome". The Burlington Magazine. 125: 746–749, 751.
- ISBN 0-521-37211-9.
- ^ Delli, Sergio (1975). Le strade di Roma: una guida alfabetica alla storia, ai segreti, all'arte, al folklore [The streets of Rome: an alphabetic guide to history, secrets, art, folklore] (in Italian). Armando. Retrieved 21 May 2018.
- ^ Andrieux, Maurice (1968). Rome. Funk & Wagnalls. Retrieved 21 May 2018.
- ISBN 978-0871698759. Retrieved 21 May 2018.
- ISBN 978-1316123232. Retrieved 21 May 2018.
- ISBN 978-1473854017. Retrieved 21 May 2018.
- ISBN 978-8896760925. Retrieved 19 May 2018.
- ^ "The Trevi Fountain – The most beautiful fountain in the world". Archived from the original on 25 March 2019. Retrieved 23 February 2014.
- ^ "Trevi Fountain To Be Restored". The New York Times. 28 February 1988. p. 3. Archived from the original on 27 September 2021. Retrieved 21 December 2020.
- ^ a b "The Trevi Fountain and the Dolce Vita!". Euronews. 3 November 2015. Archived from the original on 20 May 2018. Retrieved 19 May 2018.
- ^ a b Pullella, Philip (28 January 2013). "Rome Trevi Fountain, symbol of Dolce Vita, to get big facelift". Reuters. Archived from the original on 15 April 2020. Retrieved 21 December 2020.
- ^ "Torna l'acqua a Fontana di Trevi, dopo il restauro firmato Fendi". Roma – La Repubblica. 3 November 2015. Archived from the original on 7 April 2020. Retrieved 3 November 2015.
- ^ Squillaci, Laura (3 November 2015). "La Fontana di Trevi torna all'antico splendore dopo il restauro". Rai News (in Italian). Archived from the original on 21 October 2021. Retrieved 21 December 2020.
- ^ "La Fontana di Trevi, applauso e flash salutano il ritorno dell'acqua". ANSA.it (in Italian). 4 November 2015. Archived from the original on 16 March 2018. Retrieved 27 March 2019.
- ^ "Rome climate protesters turn Trevi fountain water black". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 21 May 2023. Retrieved 21 May 2023.
- ^ "Trevi Fountain water turns black in Rome climate protest". Reuters. Archived from the original on 21 May 2023. Retrieved 21 May 2023.
- ^ Nadeau, Barbie Latza (22 May 2023). "Climate activists dump charcoal in Rome's Trevi Fountain". CNN. Archived from the original on 22 May 2023. Retrieved 22 May 2023.
- ^ "Watch: Activists turn Trevi Fountain water black". BBC News. Archived from the original on 22 May 2023. Retrieved 22 May 2023.
- ^ Maue, Ryan (21 May 2023). "Italy recently suffered major flooding, so the climate eco-anarachists attacked the Trevi Fountain to get Europe to abandon fossil fuels and undergo extreme degrowth" (Post on X). X. @RyanMaue. Archived from the original on 19 October 2023. Retrieved 19 October 2023.
- ^ "Trevi Fountain: Overall view of fountain with the facade of Palazzo Poli". CurateND. University of Notre Dame. 1 January 1910. Archived from the original on 31 May 2020. Retrieved 20 May 2018.
- ^ "Trevi Fountain". Lonely Planet. Archived from the original on 20 May 2018. Retrieved 20 May 2018.
- ^ Cox, Josie (13 April 2017). "Rome's Trevi Fountain generates €1.4m for city's charities in 2016, reports Caritas". The Independent. Archived from the original on 20 May 2018. Retrieved 20 May 2018.
- ^ a b c "Trevi coins to fund food for poor". BBC News. 26 November 2006. Archived from the original on 25 October 2010. Retrieved 18 January 2010.
- ^ Lavanga, Claudio; Bailey, Nick (13 April 2017). "Rome's Trevi Fountain Holds Nearly $1.5 Million in Loose Change". NBC. Archived from the original on 31 May 2020. Retrieved 7 October 2019.
- ^ "Trevi coins row re-surfaces". BBC News. 8 October 2003. Archived from the original on 1 May 2011. Retrieved 18 January 2010.
- ^ "Trevi fountain 'copycat' thieves arrested". BBC News. 9 August 2002. Archived from the original on 18 February 2009. Retrieved 18 January 2010.
- ^ "ROMAN HOLIDAY FILMING LOCATIONS: COMPLETE GUIDE WITH MAP". Nomad Epicureans. Retrieved 12 November 2023.
- ^ Silver, Alexandra (17 May 2010). "Top 10 Iconic Movie Locations". Time. Retrieved 21 May 2018.
- Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Réplica da 'Fontana di Trevi' fica pronta, e Serra Negra aguarda governador de SP para inaugurar atração". 20 April 2023. Archived from the original on 20 April 2023. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
External links
- Engraving of the fountain's more modest predecessor.
- Roman Bookshelf – Trevi Fountain – Views from the 18th and 19th centuries
- Trevi Fountain Live Cam
- Trevi Fountain Virtual 360° panorama and photo gallery.
Media related to Fontana di Trevi at Wikimedia Commons
Preceded by Fontana delle Tartarughe |
Landmarks of Rome Trevi Fountain |
Succeeded by Fountain of the Tritons |