Trial court

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
"Court of first instance" redirects here. For other uses, see Court of first instance (disambiguation).
The Supreme Court of Victoria, Australia, an example of a trial court

A trial court or court of first instance is a

Appeals from the decisions of trial courts are usually heard by higher courts with the power of appellate review (appellate courts). Most appellate courts do not have the authority to hear testimony or take evidence, but instead rule solely on matters of law.[1]

In the trial court,

rules of evidence established by applicable procedural law and determinations called findings of fact are made based on the evidence. The court, presided over by one or more judges, makes findings of law based upon the applicable law. In most common law jurisdictions, the trial court often sits with a jury and one judge; in such jury trials, the jury acts as trier of fact. In some cases, the judge or judges act as triers of both fact and law, by either statute, custom, or agreement of the parties; this is referred to as a bench trial
.

In the United States

In the United States, a trial court of

courts of record, where the record of the presentation of evidence is created and must be maintained or transmitted to the appellate court. The record of the trial court is certified by the clerk of the trial court
and transmitted to the appellate body.

Not all cases are heard in trial courts of general jurisdiction. A trial court of

administrative agencies with adjudicatory power created by statute to make binding determinations with simplified procedural practices, such as arbitration. The United States Supreme Court is primarily an appellate court, but has original jurisdiction
in cases involving a diplomatic official or a state.

Because different U.S. states apply different names to their courts, it is often not evident whether a court has general or limited jurisdiction or indeed is a trial court at all. For instance, the Maine District Court is a court of limited jurisdiction, but the Nevada District Courts are courts of general jurisdiction. This can even occur in neighboring states; the Pennsylvania Courts of Common Pleas are courts of general jurisdiction, but the Delaware Court of Common Pleas is a court of limited jurisdiction. Similarly, the California Superior Courts are trial courts of general jurisdiction, but the Superior Court of Pennsylvania is an appellate court, and the New Jersey Superior Court is both.

See also

References

  1. ^ "Steinman, Joan. "Appellate Courts as First Responders: The Constitutionality and Propriety of Appellate Courts' Resolving Issues in the First Instance." Notre Dame Law Review, vol. 87, no. 4, April 2012, pp. 1522-1523". Retrieved 2022-06-05.
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