Tribune Tower

The Tribune Tower is a 463-foot-tall (141 m), 36-floor

In 1922 the Chicago Tribune hosted an international interior and exterior design competition for its new headquarters to mark its 75th anniversary, and offered $100,000 in prize money with a $50,000 first prize for "the most beautiful and distinctive office building in the world". The competition worked brilliantly for months as a publicity stunt, and the resulting entries still reveal a unique turning point in American architectural history. More than 260 entries were received.

The winner was a

Other Tribune tower entries by figures like Walter Gropius, Bertram Goodhue, Walter Burley Griffin, Bruno Taut, and Adolf Loos remain intriguing suggestions of what might have been, but perhaps not as intriguing as the one surmounted by a Mount Rushmore-like head of an American Indian. These entries were originally published by the Tribune Company in 1923 under the title Tribune Tower Competition and later in The Chicago Tribune Tower Competition: Skyscraper Design and Cultural Change in the 1920s by Katherine Solomonson, 2001.

In the 1980 book entitled The Tribune Tower Competition published by Rizzoli, authors Robert A. M. Stern, Stanley Tigerman as well as Bruce Abbey and other architects jokingly submitted "late entries" in Volume II of the work.

Archival materials regarding the competition and the building are held by the

By 1922 the neo-Gothic skyscraper had become an established design tactic, with the first important so-called "American Perpendicular Style" at Cass Gilbert's Woolworth Building of 1913. This was a late example, perhaps the last important example, and criticized for its perceived historicism. Construction on the Tribune Tower was completed in 1925 and reached a height of 462 feet (141 m) above ground. The ornate buttresses surrounding the peak of the tower are especially visible when the tower is lit at night.

As was the case with most of Hood's projects, the sculptures and decorations were made by the American artist

Rene Paul Chambellan contributed his sculpture talents to the buildings ornamentation, gargoyles and the Aesops' Screen over the main entrance doors. Rene Chambellan worked on other projects with Raymond Hood including the American Radiator Building and Rockefeller Center in New York City. Also, among the gargoyles on the Tribune Tower is one of a frog. That piece was created by Rene Chambellan to represent himself jokingly as he is of French ancestry.

• 
  Tribune Tower in 2009
• 
  Buttresses on the top of the building
• 
  The Tribune Tower (right) above the Chicago River
• 
  Tribune Tower in July 2021, with noticeable additions on part of the condo conversion.

Collection of famous building fragments

Prior to the building of the Tribune Tower, correspondents for the

Some of these had a political or social context, such as the stone from the

Republic of Poland. There are 149 fragments in the building. In 1999, during a celebration of the 30th anniversary of the Apollo 11 mission, Buzz Aldrin presented a rock brought from the Moon, which was displayed in a window in the Tribune gift store (it could not be added to the wall, as NASA owns a large majority of the Apollo Moon rocks, and this one was merely on loan to the Tribune).^[6] The rock was removed in 2011 due to an outdated display.^[7] A new rock display is planned but has not been installed as of 2018^[update].^[8] A piece of steel recovered from the World Trade Center

has been added to the wall.

Buildings influenced by the Tower

Several buildings around the world make reference to the design of the Tribune Tower, most notably in Australia: the spires of the

Grace Building in Sydney and the Manchester Unity Building in Melbourne. Additionally, the architects of One Atlantic Center located in the Midtown section of Atlanta were influenced by the building which is most evident in the shaft of the building as well as the base.^[9][10]

Freedom Museum

On April 11, 2006, the McCormick Tribune Freedom Museum opened, occupying two stories of the building, including the previous location of high-end gift store Hammacher Schlemmer. The museum closed this location on March 1, 2009, and redirected its efforts to become an online museum.

Open House Chicago

Tribune Tower has participated in

Chicago Architecture Foundation's event Open House Chicago every year, starting in 2011. This annual opportunity allows visitors to tour the interior of the building for free.^[11][12][13]

Condo conversion

The Chicago Tribune, the building's main tenant since it opened, moved out in June 2018, in order for the building to be converted to condos.^[14] The conversion of the building is set to cost more than $500 million.^[14] The conversion has run into some legal troubles regarding the sign: the Chicago Tribune contends that the sign is their intellectual property, so it can not remain on the building, but the developers stated that they had a contractual agreement to buy the sign for one dollar.^[14] Col. Robert R. McCormick's former iconic office on the 24th floor will be turned into offices.^[14] In the former parking lot for Tribune Tower, there are plans to build Tribune Tower East, a super-tall skyscraper that would become the city's second-tallest.

Plaza

Main article: Statue of Nathan Hale (Chicago)

The building's plaza has a bronze sculpture by Bela Pratt depicting Nathan Hale, commissioned by McCormick in 1940. It is a replica of one commissioned by Yale University in 1899; Pratt's widow gave permission for the copy.^[15][16] The statue was dedicated on June 4, 1940, with an event that included musical performances and an address by Professor William Warren Sweet, attended by high school Reserve Officers' Training Corps members.^[17] It depicts Hale with wrists and ankles bound.^[18] The pedestal states that it is "Dedicated to the reserve officers of America" and the statue's base has Hale's famous quote "I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country."^[19]

In popular culture

• On November 21 and 28, 2007, in episodes entitled "One Wedding and a Funeral" and "The Thing About Heroes" of the television series
  Mac Taylor (Gary Sinise) to his hometown of Chicago
  . Upon further investigation of the man stalking him, Taylor found a dead body in an office of an unused floor in the building. The episodes were filmed entirely on location in Chicago.
• Conan O'Brien was seen running past the tower while en route from New York to Los Angeles on his first episode as host of The Tonight Show.
• The snipers in Transformers: Dark of the Moon are shooting from the 26th floor of the Tribune Tower just below the buttresses.

See also

• Chicago architecture
• Open House Chicago

References

1. ^ Shaw, Leo (2017-10-03). "How Chicago's Tribune Tower Competition Changed Architecture Forever". Arch Daily. Retrieved 2019-05-22.
2. ^ "Tribune Tower, Chicago". Landmarks Illinois. Retrieved 2024-01-16.
3. ^ "The Driehaus Museum — The Life and Work of Edward J. Burling, Architect". driehausmuseum.org. Retrieved 2017-01-28.
4. ^ ^{a b} "Tribune Tower - Chicago Tribune". chicagotribune.com. 15 May 2006. Retrieved 2017-01-28.
5. ^ "Tribune Tower rock – Butter Tower – Notre Dame Cathedral – Rouen – France :: Chicago Architecture". chicagoarchitecture.org. Retrieved 2017-01-28.
6. ^ Manier, Jeremy (July 22, 1999). "Sliver of Moon Brightens Michigan Avenue". Chicago Tribune. Chicago, Illinois. p. 197 – via Newspapers.com.
7. ^ "Tribune Tower moon rock gone, but new one to take its place". Chicago Tribune. September 28, 2011. Retrieved September 8, 2019.
8. ^ "How did Tribune Tower get all those stones?". The New Chicagoan. June 5, 2018. Retrieved September 8, 2019.
9. ^ Goldberger, Paul (8 May 1988). "ARCHITECTURE VIEW; American Gothic Rides High in Atlanta's I.B.M. Building". The New York Times.
10. ISBN 9780820314396
    .
11. ^ "Open House Chicago architectural walking tour - tribunedigital-chicagotribune". Chicago Tribune. 13 October 2011. Retrieved 2017-01-28.
12. ^ "The Immensely Gratifying and Deceptively Short Tribune Tower". Curbed Chicago. 17 October 2012. Retrieved 2017-01-28.
13. ^ "Sites · Open House Chicago". openhousechicago.org. Retrieved 2017-01-28.
14. ^ ^{a b c d} Ori, Blair Kamin and Ryan (17 April 2018). "Developers plan city's second-tallest skyscraper next to new Tribune Tower condos". chicagotribune.com. Retrieved 2021-08-16.
15. ^ "Answering questions from the letterbox". Chicago Tribune. October 3, 1976. p. 287.
16. ^ "Nathan Hale". The Magnificent Mile. Retrieved 2024-01-15.
17. ^ "Program announced for dedication of Nathan Hale statue". Chicago Tribune. June 2, 1940. p. 27.
18. ISSN 0021-8758
    .
19. ^ "Hale ceremony stirring finale of R.O.T.C. Day". Chicago Tribune. June 5, 1940. p. 1.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tribune Tower.

• Chicago Tribune Tower at Structurae
• 1925 – Chicago Tribune Tower, Chicago, Illinois at Archiseek
• Saarinen's second place entry
• "Tribune Tower could be for sale" – Chicago Tribune, June 25, 2008
• Impact of competition entries on skyscraper design
• The Crown at the Tribune Tower
• Howells & Hood restaurant
• Tribune Tower Events
• Tribune Tower at Art Atlas—high-resolution 360° panoramas and images
• Article in Western Architect (1925) with original floor plans