Trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine
Clinical data | |
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Routes of administration | Oral |
ATC code |
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Legal status | |
Legal status | |
Pharmacokinetic data | |
Metabolism | Liver CYP2D6, CYP1A2, CYP3A4 |
Identifiers | |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.035.962 |
Chemical and physical data | |
Formula | C11H13F3N2 |
Molar mass | 230.234 g·mol−1 |
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3-Trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine (TFMPP) is a
Pharmacology
TFMPP has
Use and effects
TFMPP is rarely used by itself. In fact, TFMPP reduces locomotor activity and produces aversive effects in animals rather than self-administration, which may explain the decision of the DEA not to permanently make TFMPP a controlled substance.[6] More commonly, TFMPP is co-administered with BZP, which acts as a norepinephrine and dopamine releasing agent.[8] Due to the serotonin agonist effects and increase in serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine levels produced by the BZP/TFMPP combination, this mixture of drugs produces effects which crudely mimic those of MDMA.[9]
Side effects
The combination of BZP and TFMPP has been associated with a range of side effects, including
However, it is difficult to say how many of these side effects are produced by TFMPP itself, as it has rarely been marketed without BZP also being present, and all of the side effects mentioned are also produced by BZP (which has been sold as a single drug). Studies into other related piperazine drugs such as
Legal status
Canada
Since 2012, TFMPP has been listed as a Schedule III controlled substance in Canada,[11] making possession of TFMPP a federal offence. It has also been added to Part J of the Food and Drug Regulations thereby prohibiting the production, export or import of the substance.
China
As of October 2015 TFMPP is a controlled substance in China.[12]
Finland
Scheduled in government decree on psychoactive substances banned from the consumer market.[13][14][15]
Denmark
As of December 3, 2005, TFMPP is illegal in Denmark.
Japan
Since 2003, TFMPP and BZP became illegal in Japan.
Netherlands
TFMPP is unscheduled in the Netherlands. [citation needed]
New Zealand
Based on the recommendation of the EACD, the New Zealand government has passed legislation which placed BZP, along with the other piperazine derivatives TFMPP, mCPP, pFPP, MeOPP and MBZP, into Class C of the New Zealand Misuse of Drugs Act 1975. A ban was intended to come into effect in New Zealand on December 18, 2007, but the law change did not go through until the following year, and the sale of BZP and the other listed piperazines became illegal in New Zealand as of 1 April 2008. An amnesty for possession and usage of these drugs remained until October 2008, at which point they became completely illegal.[16]
Sweden
As of March 1, 2006, TFMPP is scheduled as a "dangerous substance" in Sweden.[17]
Switzerland
As of December 1, 2010, TFMPP is a controlled substance in Switzerland.[18][19]
United Kingdom
As of December 2009, TFMPP has been made a Class C drug in the United Kingdom along with BZP.
United States
TFMPP is not currently scheduled at the federal level in the United States,[20] but it was briefly emergency scheduled in Schedule I. The scheduling expired in April 2004 and was not renewed.[21] However, some states such as Florida have banned the drug in their criminal statutes making its possession a felony.[22]
Florida
TFMPP is a Schedule I controlled substance in the state of Florida making it illegal to buy, sell, or possess in Florida.[22]
Texas
TFMPP is controlled in Texas under Penalty Group 2, as a hallucinogenic substance. It is illegal to possess TFMPP in any quantity in Texas.
Derivatives
References
- ^ Anvisa (2023-07-24). "RDC Nº 804 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial" [Collegiate Board Resolution No. 804 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Diário Oficial da União (published 2023-07-25). Archived from the original on 2023-08-27. Retrieved 2023-08-27.
- ^ "Ustawa z dnia 15 kwietnia 2011 r. o zmianie ustawy o przeciwdziałaniu narkomanii ( Dz.U. 2011 nr 105 poz. 614 )". Internetowy System Aktów Prawnych. Retrieved 17 June 2011.
- ^ "4-(Piperazin-1-yl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenol".
- ^ "Erowid TFMPP Vault: Basics". Erowid. Retrieved 2014-02-15.
- ^ S2CID 42491343.
- ^ S2CID 24217984.
- PMID 1736030.
- S2CID 22730478.
- PMID 17651790.
- ^ Wilkins C, Girling M, Sweetsur P, Huckle T, Huakau J. "Legal party pill use in New Zealand: Prevalence of use, availability, health harms and 'gateway effects' of benzylpiperazine (BZP) and trifluorophenylmethylpiperazine (TFMPP)" (PDF). Centre for Social and Health Outcomes Research and Evaluation (SHORE). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-03-18. Retrieved 2007-04-14.
- ^ "SOR/2012-65 March 30, 2012 Controlled Drugs and Substances Act". Canada Gazette. Government of Canada. Retrieved 15 September 2014.
- ^ "关于印发《非药用类麻醉药品和精神药品列管办法》的通知" (in Chinese). China Food and Drug Administration. 27 September 2015. Retrieved 1 October 2015.
- ^ "FINLEX ® - Säädökset alkuperäisinä: Valtioneuvoston asetus kuluttajamarkkinoilta… 1129/2015".
- ^ "FINLEX ® - Säädökset alkuperäisinä: Valtioneuvoston asetus kuluttajamarkkinoilta… 225/2017".
- ^ "FINLEX ® - Säädökset alkuperäisinä: Valtioneuvoston asetus kuluttajamarkkinoilta… 733/2021".
- ^ "Misuse of Drugs (Classification of BZP) Amendment Bill 2008".
- ^ "Erowid TFMPP Vault : Legal Status". Erowid.
- ^ "RO 2010 4099". Fedlex. Retrieved 2022-08-16.
- ^ "RO 2011 2595". Fedlex. Retrieved 2022-08-16.
- ^ "§1308.11 Schedule I." Archived from the original on 2009-08-27. Retrieved 2014-12-17.
- ^ "Scheduling Actions 2002". U.S. Department of Justice, Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). Archived from the original on 2003-01-02.
- ^ a b Florida Statutes - Chapter 893 - DRUG ABUSE PREVENTION AND CONTROL