Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius

Coordinates: 56°18′37.26″N 38°7′52.32″E / 56.3103500°N 38.1312000°E / 56.3103500; 38.1312000
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Trinity Sergius Lavra
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Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius
Троице-Сергиева лавра (Russian)
General view
Monastery information
OrderRussian Orthodox Church
Established1345
People
Founder(s)Sergius of Radonezh
Site
LocationSergiyev Posad, Russia
Official nameArchitectural Ensemble of the Trinity Sergius Lavra in Sergiev Posad
CriteriaCultural: (ii), (iv)
Reference657
Inscription1993 (17th Session)
Area22.75 ha (0.0878 sq mi)
Buffer zone15.57 ha (0.0601 sq mi)
Websitewww.stsl.ru/languages/en/
Coordinates56°18′37.26″N 38°7′52.32″E / 56.3103500°N 38.1312000°E / 56.3103500; 38.1312000
Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius is located in European Russia
Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius
Location of Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius in European Russia
Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius is located in Europe
Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius
Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius (Europe)

The Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius (Russian: Троице-Сергиева лавра) is a lavra and the most important Russian monastery, being the spiritual centre of the Russian Orthodox Church. The monastery is situated in the town of Sergiyev Posad, about 70 kilometres (43 mi) to the northeast from Moscow by the road leading to Yaroslavl, and currently is home to over 300 monks.

History

14th century

The monastery was founded in 1337 by one of the most venerated Russian saints,

Dmitri Donskoi before the Battle of Kulikovo depicted in a 1907 watercolor on paper by Ernst Lissner
.

In 1355, Sergius introduced a charter which required the construction of auxiliary buildings, such as refectory, kitchen, and bakery. This charter was a model for Sergius' numerous followers who founded more than 400 cloisters all over Russia, including the celebrated Solovetsky, Kirillov, and Simonov monasteries.

St. Sergius supported

Oslyabya, to participate in the Battle of Kulikovo (1380). At the outbreak of the battle, Peresvet died in a single combat against a Tatar bogatyr
. The monastery was devastated by fire, when a Tatar unit raided the area in 1408.

15th century

Trinity Cathedral's iconostasis
.

St. Sergius was declared patron saint of the Russian state in 1422. The same year the

Muscovite
royals were baptized in this cathedral and held thanksgiving services here.

In 1476, Ivan III invited several Pskovian masters to build the church of the Holy Spirit.[1] This structure is one of the few remaining examples of a Russian church topped with a belltower. The interior contains the earliest specimens of the use of glazed tiles for decoration. In the early 16th century, Vasily III added the Nikon annex and the Serapion tent, where several of Sergius' disciples were interred.

16th century

It took 26 years to construct the six-pillared Assumption Cathedral,

Moscow Kremlin. The magnificent iconostasis of the 16th–18th centuries features Simon Ushakov's masterpiece, the icon of Last Supper. The interior walls were painted with violet and blue frescoes by a team of Yaroslavl masters in 1684. The vault contains burials of Boris Godunov
, his family and several 20th-century patriarchs.

As the monastery grew into one of the wealthiest landowners in Russia, the woods where it had stood were cleared and a village (or posad) sprang up near the monastery walls. It gradually developed into the modern town of Sergiyev Posad. The cloister itself was a notable centre of chronicle-writing and icon painting. Just opposite the monastery walls St. Paraskeva's Convent was established, among whose buildings St. Paraskeva's Church (1547), Introduction Church (1547), and a 17th-century chapel over St. Paraskeva's well are still visible.

17th century

Siege of 1608–1610: Orthodox monks led by the chronicler Avraamy Palitsyn
defended the monastery against Polish troops from September 1609 to January 1611.

In 1550s, a wooden palisade surrounding the cloister was replaced with 1.5 km (0.93 mi) long stone walls, featuring twelve towers, which helped the monastery to withstand a

Wladyslaw IV
's abortive siege in 1618.

By the end of the 17th century, when young

Stroganovs
and built over one of the gates. Other 17th-century structures include the monks' cells, a hospital topped with a tented church, and a chapel built over a holy well discovered in 1644.

18th and 19th centuries

View of the lavra in the 1890s.

In 1744,

Alexey Razumovsky accompanied her on such journeys and commissioned a baroque church to the Virgin of Smolensk, the last major shrine to be erected in the Lavra. Another pledge of Elizabeth's affection for the monastery is a white-and-blue baroque belltower,[6] which, at 88 meters, was one of the tallest structures built in Russia up to that date. Its architects were Ivan Michurin and Dmitry Ukhtomsky
.

Throughout the 19th century, the Lavra maintained its status as the richest Russian monastery. A seminary founded in 1742 was replaced by an ecclesiastical academy in 1814. The monastery boasted a supreme collection of manuscripts and books. Medieval collections of the Lavra sacristy attracted thousands of visitors. In Sergiyev Posad, the monastery maintained several sketes, one of which is a place of burial for the conservative philosophers Konstantin Leontiev and Vasily Rozanov.

20th century

electrical engineers specialising in radio. In May 1923 Charles Ashleigh reported how the hall was used to demonstrate the new radio technology before a mixed audience primarily composed of peasants and soldiers, but with some townspeople. The broadcast started with an announcement followed by music with a band from the Moscow cavalry playing Stenka Razin. Then the audience were treated to a short lecture on the benefits of chemical manure and machine ploughs. After a gypsy song the performance was brought to a conclusion with a talk about the wonders of radio.[7] In 1930, monastery bells, including the Tsar-Bell of 65 tons, were destroyed. Pavel Florensky
and his followers prevented the authorities from stealing and selling the sacristy collection but overall many valuables were lost or transferred to other collections.

Moscow Patriarchate until 1983, when the patriarch was allowed to settle at the Danilov Monastery
in Moscow.

After that, the monastery continued as a prime centre of religious education. Important restoration works were conducted in the 1960s and 1970s. In 1993, the Trinity Lavra was inscribed on the

World Heritage List
.

The Lavra has a number of representative churches (podvorie or

King George Island in the Antarctic
.

Notable burials

References

  1. ^ "The Church of the Descent of the Holy Spirit : Sergiev Posad Museum". 2014-02-10. Archived from the original on 2014-02-10. Retrieved 2014-02-10.
  2. ^ Assumption Cathedral
  3. ^ "Sergiev Posad Museum: Tsar Palace". www.musobl.divo.ru. Archived from the original on 3 September 2005. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
  4. ^ [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928105325/http://www.musobl.divo.ru/refector.jpg Refectory of St. Sergius>
  5. ^ Church of John the Baptist's Nativity
  6. ^ "Sergiev Posad Museum: Bell Tower". www.musobl.divo.ru. Archived from the original on 9 September 2005. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
  7. ^ Ashleigh, Charles (1924). "Radio in Russia". Radio Times (15, 6 January 1924 - 12 January 1924). Retrieved 19 December 2020.
  8. ^ Подворья Лавры (Lavra's podvories)

Further reading

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
Troitse-Sergiyeva Lavra (category)
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