Triple deity
A triple deity is a deity with three apparent forms that function as a singular whole. Such
In classical religious iconography or mythological art,[4] three separate beings may represent either a triad who typically appear as a group (the Greek Moirai, Charites, and Erinyes; the Norse Norns; or the Irish Morrígan) or a single deity notable for having three aspects (Greek Hecate, Roman Diana).[5]
Origins
Vesna Petreska posits that myths including trinities of female mythical beings from Central and Eastern European cultures may be evidence for an Indo-European belief in trimutive female "
Ancient India
The trinity of supreme divinity in Hinduism, in which the cosmic functions of creation, preservation, and destruction are personified as a triad of deities, is called Trimūrti (Sanskrit: त्रिमूर्ति 'three forms' or 'trinity'), where Brahma is considered the creator, Vishnu the preserver, and Shiva the destroyer.
The sacred symbol of Hinduism, the Om (or Aum), the sacred sound, syllable, mantra, and invocation, is considered to have an allusion to Trimurti, where the A, U, and M phonemes of the word are considered to indicate creation, preservation and destruction, the which the whole as representing the transcendent or absolute Brahman is added. It also indicates the three basic states of consciousness, in addition to which the whole syllable is interpreted as the subject of the consciousness, the self-principle (Ātman), which is considered to be identical with the Brahman.
The Tridevi is the trinity of goddess consorts for the gods in the Trimurti, typically personified by the Hindu goddesses Saraswati, Lakshmi, and Parvati. In Shaktism, these triune goddesses are considered the manifestations of Mahadevi, the Supreme Goddess (the female abolute), also known as Mula-Prakriti or Adi Parashakti.
Antiquity
The Roman goddess
Spells and hymns in
The Olympian
Ancient Celtic cultures
The
In the case of the Irish Brigid it can be ambiguous whether she is a single goddess or three sisters, all named Brigid.[28] The Morrígan also appears sometimes as one being, and at other times as three sisters,[29][30][31][32] as do the three Irish goddesses of sovereignty, Ériu, Fódla and Banba.[33][34]
Christianity
The c. fourth-century
Some Christian saints, especially martyrs, are trios who share a feast day or other remembrance. Whether they are subject to actual veneration and prayed to for supernatural aid, or simply honored, varies by Christian denomination.[citation needed]
Modalistic Monarchianism
Whereas
Neopaganism
See also
- List of deities
- Les Lavandières
- Mythography
- Triglav (mythology)
- Lugh
- Samsin Halmoni
- Thraetaona
- Three hares
- Trichotomy (philosophy)
- Trifunctional hypothesis
- Trita
- Triton
- Tritheism
References
Citations
- S2CID 21332730.
- ISBN 9780809131877.
- ^ "Triads of gods appear very early, at the primitive level. The archaic triads in the religions of antiquity and of the East are too numerous to be mentioned here. Arrangement in triads is an archetype in the history of religion, which in all probability formed the basis of the Christian Trinity." C. G. Jung. A Psychological Approach to the Dogma of the Trinity.
- ^ For a summary of the analogous problem of representing the trinity in Christian art, see Clara Erskine Clement's dated but useful Handbook of Legendary and Mythological Art (Boston, 1900), p. 12.
- ^ Virgil addresses Hecate as tergemina Hecate, tria virginis, ora Dianae (Aeneid, 4.511).
- ^ William Hansen, Classical Mythology: A Guide to the Mythical World of the Greeks and Romans (Oxford University Press US, 2005), p. 306_308 online.
- ^ The Edinburgh Encyclopedia of Continental Philosophy p. 562
- ^ Nāsstrōm, Britt-Mari (1999). "Freyja — The Trivalent Goddess". In Sand, Erik Reenberg; Sørensen, Jørgen Podemann (eds.). Comparative Studies in History of Religions: Their Aim, Scope and Validity. Museum Tusculanum Press. pp. 62–64.
- ^ Allen, N. J. Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2007.10.53
- ^ Benjamin W. Fortson. Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction p. 32
- S2CID 144109518.
- OCLC 84742672.
They are females – three women, maidens or sisters .... They appear in three age categories, young, middle-aged, and old .... The youngest one starts the foretelling, then the middle one, but the crucial information is foretold by the third, the oldest narechnitsa .... This belief is related to the ancient Indo-European tradition of threefold death
- ^ West, Martin Litchfield (2007). Indo-European Poetry and Myth. Oxford University Press. pp. 140–141, 379–385.
- ^ (CNG)
- ^ a b Horace, Carmina 3.22.1.
- ^ Green, C.M.C. (2007). Roman Religion and the Cult of Diana at Aricia. New York: Cambridge University Press.
- ^ Alföldi, "Diana Nemorensis", American Journal of Archaeology (1960:137-44) p 141.
- Servius, Commentary on Virgil's Aeneid 6.118.
- ISBN 978-0-226-04447-7.
"Triple" assertions also occur in PGM IV. 1390-1495 on p.65, PGM IV. 2441-2621 on pp.84-86, and PGM IV. 2708-84 on p.89. - ISBN 978-0-226-04447-7.
- ^ Brewer, E. Cobham (1894). Dictionary of Phrase & Fable. pp. 593, 1246.
- ^ Ovid, Metamorphoses, book 7, tr. John Dryden, et al (1717). Accessed 2009-09-23.
Hecate will never join in that offence:
Unjust is the request you make, and I
In kindness your petition shall deny;
Yet she that grants not what you do implore,
Shall yet essay to give her Jason more;
Find means t' encrease the stock of Aeson's years,
Without retrenchment of your life's arrears;
Provided that the triple Goddess join
A strong confed'rate in my bold design. - ^ Eliade, Mircea (ed.), Encyclopedia of Religion (1987 edition), "Hekate" entry, vol.6, p.251.
- ^ Farnell, Lewis Richard (1896). Chapter 19, "Hekate: Representations in Art", in The Cults of the Greek States, volume 2. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p.557.
- ^ The golden chain: an anthology of Pythagorean and Platonic philosophy, Algis Uždavinys, 274
- ^ Takacs, Sarolta A. (2008) Vestal Virgins, Sybils, and Matrons: Women in Roman Religion. University of Texas Press. pp. 118–121.
- ^ Green, Miranda. "Back to the Future: Resonances of the Past", pp.56-57, in Gazin-Schwartz, Amy, and Holtorf, Cornelius (1999). Archaeology and Folklore. Routledge.
- ^ Miranda Green, The Celtic World (Routledge, 1996), p. 481; Hilary Robinson, "Becoming Women: Irigaray, Ireland and Visual Representation," in Art, Nation and Gender: Ethnic Landscapes, Myths and Mother-figures (Ashgate, 2003), p. 116.
- ISBN 0-486-41441-8.
- ISBN 0-13-275959-4.
- ISBN 0-8156-2441-7.
- ISBN 0-19-280120-1.
- ^ "Ériu". Jones' Celtic Encyclopedia. 14 April 2011.
- ^ Mhatre, Sandeep. "Datta Sampradaay and Their Vital Role". Swami Samarth Temple. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
- ^ "Trimorphic Protennoia". Gnosis.org. Translated by Turner, John D. Hollywood, California: Gnostic Society. 1998.
- OCLC 124538398.
- ^ D.H. Williams, "Modalism", in Encyclopedia of Christian Civilization, 2011.
- ^ Peter H. Goodrich, "Ritual Sacrifice and the Pre-Christian Subtext of Gawain's Green Girdle," in Sir Gawain and the Classical Tradition (McFarland, 2006), pp. 74–75
Additional sources
- Jung, C. G. "A Psychological Approach to the Dogma of the Trinity" (1948), in Collected Works of C. G. Jung, Princeton University Press 1969, vol. 11, 2nd edition, pp. 107–200.
- Brabazon, Michael (Summer 2002). "Carl Jung and the Trinitarian Self". Quodlibet. 4 (2–3). Retrieved September 19, 2008.
External links
- Media related to Triple deities at Wikimedia Commons