Trisodium citrate
Names | |
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Preferred IUPAC name
Trisodium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate | |
Other names
Sodium citrate
Trisodium citrate Citrosodine Citric acid, trisodium salt E331 | |
Identifiers | |
3D model (
JSmol ) |
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ChEMBL | |
ChemSpider | |
ECHA InfoCard
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100.000.614 |
E number | E331iii (antioxidants, ...) |
PubChem CID
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RTECS number
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UNII |
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CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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Properties | |
Na3C6H5O7 | |
Molar mass | 258.06 g/mol (anhydrous), 294.10 g/mol (dihydrate) |
Appearance | White crystalline powder |
Density | 1.7 g/cm3 |
Melting point | > 300 °C (572 °F; 573 K) (hydrates lose water ca. 150 °C) |
Boiling point | Decomposes |
Anhydrous form:57 g/100 g H2O (25 °C) [1] Pentahydrate form: 92 g/100 g H2O (25 °C)[2] | |
Hazards | |
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): | |
Main hazards
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Irritant |
NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |
LD50 (median dose)
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1548 mg/kg (intraperitoneal, rat)[3] |
Safety data sheet (SDS) | External MSDS |
Related compounds | |
Related compounds
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Monosodium citrate Disodium citrate Calcium citrate Citric acid |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Trisodium citrate has the chemical formula of Na3C6H5O7. It is sometimes referred to simply as "
Uses
Foods
Sodium citrate is chiefly used as a food additive, usually for flavor or as a preservative. Its E number is E331. Sodium citrate is employed as a flavoring agent in certain varieties of club soda. It is common as an ingredient in bratwurst, and is also used in commercial ready-to-drink beverages and drink mixes, contributing a tart flavor. It is found in gelatin mix, ice cream, yogurt, jams, sweets, milk powder, processed cheeses, carbonated beverages, and wine,[4] amongst others.
Sodium citrate can be used as an emulsifying stabilizer when making cheese. It allows the cheese to melt without becoming greasy by stopping the fats from separating.
Buffering
As a
Chemistry
Sodium citrate is a component in Benedict's qualitative solution, often used in organic analysis to detect the presence of reducing sugars such as glucose.
Medicine
In 1914, the Belgian doctor Albert Hustin and the Argentine physician and researcher Luis Agote successfully used sodium citrate as an anticoagulant in blood transfusions, with Richard Lewisohn determining its correct concentration in 1915. It continues to be used today in blood-collection tubes and for the preservation of blood in blood banks. The citrate ion chelates calcium ions in the blood by forming calcium citrate complexes, disrupting the blood clotting mechanism. Recently, trisodium citrate has also been used as a locking agent in vascath and haemodialysis lines instead of heparin due to its lower risk of systemic anticoagulation.[6]
In 2003, Ööpik et al. showed the use of sodium citrate (0.5 g/kg body weight) improved running performance over 5 km by 30 seconds.[7]
Sodium citrate is used to relieve discomfort in urinary-tract infections, such as
It is used as an antacid, especially prior to anaesthesia, for
Boiler descaling
Sodium citrate is a particularly effective agent for removal of carbonate scale from boilers without removing them from operation[8] and for cleaning automobile radiators.[9]
See also
References
- ^ "Sodium citrate | 68-04-2". Retrieved 14 December 2023.
- ^ "CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics". Retrieved 22 November 2013.
- ^ Chambers, Michael. "ChemIDplus - 68-04-2 - HRXKRNGNAMMEHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K - Sodium citrate anhydrous - Similar structures search, synonyms, formulas, resource links, and other chemical information". chem.nlm.nih.gov.
- ^ "Permitted Emulsifying Salt (E331)".
- PMID 17369204.
- ^ "Locking Solutions for Hemodialysis Catheters" (PDF).
- PMID 14665584.
- ^ U.S. patent 3,095,862
- ^ "MSDS" (PDF).