Trisodium phosphate
Sodium, Na Phosphorus, P Oxygen, O | |
Trisodium phosphate hydrate
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Names | |
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IUPAC name
Trisodium phosphate
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Other names
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Identifiers | |
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3D model (
JSmol ) |
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ChEBI | |
ChEMBL | |
ChemSpider | |
ECHA InfoCard
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100.028.645 |
EC Number |
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E number | E339(iii) (antioxidants, ...) |
KEGG | |
PubChem CID
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RTECS number
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UNII |
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CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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Properties | |
Na3PO4 | |
Molar mass | 163.939 g·mol−1 |
Appearance | White, granular or crystalline solid |
Density | 2.536 g/cm3 (17.5 °C, anhydrous) 1.62 g/cm3 (20 °C, dodecahydrate)[2][3][4] |
Melting point | 1,583 °C (2,881 °F; 1,856 K) (anhydrous)[3] 73.4 °C (164.1 °F; 346.5 K) (dodecahydrate)[4] |
Boiling point | 100 °C (212 °F; 373 K) (dodecahydrate) decomposes[4] |
Solubility | Insoluble in ethanol, carbon disulfide[4] |
Basicity (pKb) | 2.23 |
Structure | |
Trigonal
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Thermochemistry | |
Heat capacity (C)
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665 J/(mol·K) (dodecahydrate)[4] |
Std molar
entropy (S⦵298) |
224.7 J/(mol·K) (anhydrous)[3] 660 J/(mol·K) (dodecahydrate)[4] |
Std enthalpy of (ΔfH⦵298)formation |
−1935.5 kJ/mol (anhydrous)[3] −5480 kJ/mol (dodecahydrate)[4] |
Gibbs free energy (ΔfG⦵)
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−1819 kJ/mol (anhydrous)[3] |
Pharmacology | |
A06AD17 (WHO) A06AG01 (WHO) B05XA09 (WHO) | |
Hazards[6] | |
GHS labelling: | |
Danger | |
H315, H318, H335 | |
P261, P280, P305+P351+P338 | |
NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |
Flash point | Non-flammable |
Safety data sheet (SDS) | ICSC 1178 |
Related compounds | |
Other cations
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Related compounds
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Trisodium phosphate (TSP) is an
The item of commerce is often partially
Na3PO4·12H2O. Most often it is found in white powder form. It can also be called trisodium orthophosphate or simply sodium phosphate.Production
Trisodium phosphate is produced by neutralization of
- Na2CO3 + H3PO4 → Na2HPO4 + CO2 + H2O
- Na2HPO4 + NaOH → Na3PO4 + H2O
Uses
Cleaning
Trisodium phosphate was at one time extensively used in formulations for a variety of consumer-grade soaps and detergents, and the most common use for trisodium phosphate has been in cleaning agents. The
TSP is still sold and used as a cleaning agent, but since the late 1960s, its use has diminished in the United States and many other parts of the world because, like many phosphate-based cleaners, it is known to cause extensive eutrophication of lakes and rivers once it enters a water system.[8]
TSP is commonly used after cleaning a surface with
Although it is still the active ingredient in some toilet bowl-cleaning tablets, TSP is generally not recommended for cleaning bathrooms because it can stain metal fixtures and can damage grout.[9]
Chlorination
With the formula 4Na3PO4·NaOCl·44H2O the material called chlorinated trisodium phosphate is used as a disinfectant and bleach, like sodium hypochlorite. It is prepared using NaOCl in place of some of the base to neutralize phosphoric acid.[7]
Flux
In the U.S., trisodium phosphate is an approved flux for use in
TSP is used as an ingredient in fluxes designed to deoxygenate nonferrous metals for casting. It can be used in ceramic production to lower the flow point of glazes.
Painting enhancement
TSP is still in common use for the cleaning, degreasing, and deglossing of walls prior to painting. TSP breaks the gloss of
Food additive
Exercise performance enhancement
Trisodium phosphate has gained a following as a nutritional supplement that can improve certain parameters of exercise performance.
Regulation
In the Western world, phosphate usage has declined owing to ecological problems with the damage to lakes and rivers through eutrophication.
Substitutes
By the end of the 20th century, many products that formerly contained TSP were manufactured with TSP substitutes, which consist mainly of sodium carbonate along with various admixtures of nonionic surfactants and a limited percentage of sodium phosphates.
Products sold as TSP substitutes, containing
References
- ^ Merck Index, 12th Edition, 8808.
- ISBN 978-3-11-011451-5. Retrieved 25 May 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f "Sodium phosphate".
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Sodium phosphate dodecahydrate".
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 March 2016. Retrieved 25 May 2014.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ Sigma-Aldrich Co., Sodium phosphate. Retrieved on 2014-05-25.
- ^
- ^ Dishes Still Dirty? Blame Phosphate-Free Detergent, National Public Radio, 15 December 2010
- ^ "TSP ... Cleaning for the Big Dogs". Home Repair and Do It Yourself Tips and Articles from the Natural Handyman. Natural Handyman.
- ^ Alonzy, Jerry. "Painting Preparation Q&A".
- ^ Current EU approved additives and their E Numbers, Food Standards Agency, 26 November 2010
- ^ 21CFR182.1778, Code of Federal Regulations
- ^ 21CFR182.1778, Electronic Code of Federal Regulations
- PMID 17569583.
- ^ MSDS Archived 26 September 2010 at the Wayback Machine for Dap TSP cleaner