Tris
propane-1,3-diol_200.svg)
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| Names | |
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| Preferred IUPAC name
2-Amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol | |
| Other names
TRIS, Tris, Tris base, Tris buffer, Trizma, Trisamine, THAM, Tromethamine, Trometamol, Tromethane, Trisaminol, Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane
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| Identifiers | |
3D model (
JSmol ) |
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| ChEBI | |
| ChEMBL | |
| ChemSpider | |
| DrugBank | |
ECHA InfoCard
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100.000.969 |
| EC Number |
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IUPHAR/BPS |
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| KEGG | |
PubChem CID
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RTECS number
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| UNII |
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CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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| Properties | |
| C4H11NO3 | |
| Molar mass | 121.136 g·mol−1 |
| Appearance | White crystalline powder |
| Density | 1.328g/cm3 |
| Melting point | >175-176 °C (448-449 K) |
| Boiling point | 219 °C (426 °F; 492 K) |
| ~50 g/100 mL (25 °C) | |
| Acidity (pKa) | 8.07 (conjugate acid) |
| Pharmacology | |
| B05BB03 (WHO) B05XX02 (WHO) | |
| Hazards[1] | |
| Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): | |
Main hazards
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Irritant |
| GHS labelling: | |
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| Warning | |
| H315, H319, H335 | |
| P261, P264, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P332+P313, P362, P403+P233, P405 | |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |
| Flash point | Non-flammable |
| Safety data sheet (SDS) | External MSDS |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Tris, or tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, or known during medical use as tromethamine or THAM, is an
Buffering features
The
Buffer details
- In general, as temperature decreases from 25 °C to 5 °C the pH of a tris buffer will increase an average of 0.03 units per degree. As temperature rises from 25 °C to 37 °C, the pH of a tris buffer will decrease an average of 0.025 units per degree.[8]
- In general, a 10-fold increase in tris buffer concentration will lead to a 0.05 unit increase in pH and vice versa.[8]
- Silver-containing single-junction pH electrodes (e.g., silver chloride electrodes) are incompatible with tris since an Ag-tris precipitate forms which clogs the junction. Double-junction electrodes are resistant to this problem, and non-silver containing electrodes are immune.
Buffer inhibition
- Tris inhibits a number of enzymes,[9][10] and therefore should be used with care when studying proteins.
- Tris can also inhibit enzyme activity via chelation of metal ions.[3]
Preparation
Tris is prepared industrially by the exhaustive condensation of nitromethane with formaldehyde under basic conditions (i.e. repeated Henry reactions) to produce the intermediate (HOCH2)3CNO2, which is subsequently hydrogenated to give the final product.[11]
Uses
The useful buffer range for tris (pH 7–9) coincides with the physiological pH typical of most living organisms. This, and its low cost, make tris one of the most common buffers in the biology/biochemistry laboratory. Tris is also used as a primary standard to standardize acid solutions for chemical analysis.
Tris is used to increase permeability of cell membranes.[12] It is a component of the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine[13] and the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine for use in children 5 through 11 years of age.[14]
Medical
Tris (usually known as THAM in this context) is used as alternative to sodium bicarbonate in the treatment of metabolic acidosis.[15][16]
See also
References
- ^ "Tromethamine". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
- ^ Gomori, G., Preparation of Buffers for Use in Enzyme Studies. Methods Enzymology., 1, 138-146 (1955).
- ^ PMID 428398.
- . Retrieved 21 July 2017.
- PMID 16013019.
- )
- ISSN 1751-7362.
- ^ a b "Sigma tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane; Tris Technical Bulletin No. 106B" (PDF). Sigma-Aldrich. Retrieved 2020-06-04.
- PMID 12176384.
- PMID 18289113.
- ISBN 978-3527306732.)
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - PMID 7009585.
- ^ https://www.modernatx.com/covid19vaccine-eua/eua-fact-sheet-recipients.pdf [bare URL PDF]
- ^ https://www.fda.gov/media/153447/download [bare URL PDF]
- PMID 10764304.
- PMID 16013019.