Troms
Troms County
Troms fylke Romssa fylka | |
---|---|
Tromsø amt (historic name) | |
H) | |
• County mayor (2011–2019) | Knut Werner Hansen (Ap) |
Area | |
• Total | 25,877 km2 (9,991 sq mi) |
• Land | 24,884 km2 (9,608 sq mi) |
• Water | 993 km2 (383 sq mi) 3.8% |
• Rank | #4 in Norway |
Population (30 September 2019) | |
• Total | 166,375 |
• Rank | #15 in Norway |
• Density | 6/km2 (20/sq mi) |
• Change (10 years) | +2% |
Official language | |
• Norwegian form | Neutral |
Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
ISO 3166 code | NO-19[2] |
Income (per capita) | 133,300 kr (2001) |
GDP (per capita) | 211,955 kr (2001) |
GDP national rank | #15 in Norway (2.11% of country) |
Website | Official website |
Troms (Norwegian:
It borders
The entire county, which was established in 1866, is located north of the
General information
Name
Until 1919, the county was formerly known as
The county (and the city of
The Sámi name of the island, Romsa, is assumed to be a loan from Norse – but according to the phonetical rules of the Sami language the frontal t has disappeared from the name. [
Coat of arms
The coat of arms of Troms was made by Hallvard Trætteberg (1898–1987) and adopted by royal resolution on 15 January 1960. The official blazon in Norwegian ("På rød bunn en gull griff") translates to "On a field Gules a griffin [segreant] Or."[6] Trætteberg chose to have the griffin as charge because that animal was the symbol of the mighty clan of Bjarne Erlingsson on Bjarkøy in the 13th century.[7]
Geography
Troms is located in the northern part of the
There are mountains in all parts of Troms; the most alpine and striking are probably the
Climate
Located at a latitude of nearly 70°N, Troms has short, cool summers, but fairly mild winters along the coast due to the temperate sea; Torsvåg Lighthouse in Karlsøy has January 24-hr average of −1 °C (30 °F). Tromsø averages −4 °C (25 °F) in January with a daily high of −2 °C (28 °F), while July averages 12 °C (54 °F) with high of 15 °C (59 °F). Temperatures are typically below freezing for about 5 months (8 months in the mountains), from early November to the beginning of April, but coastal areas are moderated by the sea: with more than 130 years of official weather recordings, the coldest winter temperature ever recorded in Tromsø is −20.1 °C (−4.2 °F) in February 1985.[8] The all-time high for Troms is 33.5 °C (92.3 °F) recorded in Bardufoss 18 July 2018. Thaws can occur even in mid-winter. There is often snow in abundance, and avalanches were not uncommon in winter. With the prevailing westerlies, lowland areas east of mountain ranges have less precipitation than areas west of the mountains.
Skibotn (elevation: 46 m or 151 ft) in Storfjord is the location in Norway which has recorded the most days per year with clear skies (no clouds). Winter temperatures in Målselv and Bardu can get down to −35 °C (−31 °F), while summer days can reach 30 °C (86 °F) in inland valleys and the innermost fjord areas, but 15 to 22 °C (59 to 72 °F) is much more common. Along the outer seaboard, a summer day at 15 °C (59 °F) is considered fairly warm.
Climate data for Tromsø, Troms county, Norway 1961-1990 | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −2.2 (28.0) |
−2.1 (28.2) |
−0.4 (31.3) |
2.7 (36.9) |
7.5 (45.5) |
12.5 (54.5) |
15.3 (59.5) |
13.9 (57.0) |
9.3 (48.7) |
4.7 (40.5) |
0.7 (33.3) |
−1.3 (29.7) |
5.1 (41.2) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −4.4 (24.1) |
−4.2 (24.4) |
−2.7 (27.1) |
0.3 (32.5) |
4.8 (40.6) |
9.1 (48.4) |
11.8 (53.2) |
10.8 (51.4) |
6.7 (44.1) |
2.7 (36.9) |
−1.1 (30.0) |
−3.3 (26.1) |
2.5 (36.5) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −6.5 (20.3) |
−6.5 (20.3) |
−5.1 (22.8) |
−2.3 (27.9) |
2.0 (35.6) |
6.1 (43.0) |
8.7 (47.7) |
7.8 (46.0) |
4.5 (40.1) |
0.7 (33.3) |
−3.0 (26.6) |
−5.4 (22.3) |
0.1 (32.2) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 95 (3.7) |
87 (3.4) |
72 (2.8) |
64 (2.5) |
48 (1.9) |
59 (2.3) |
77 (3.0) |
82 (3.2) |
102 (4.0) |
131 (5.2) |
108 (4.3) |
106 (4.2) |
1,031 (40.6) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) | 13.7 | 12.8 | 11.9 | 11.2 | 9.9 | 11.4 | 13.4 | 13.1 | 15.5 | 17.1 | 14.8 | 15.1 | 159.9 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 3 | 32 | 112 | 160 | 218 | 221 | 205 | 167 | 92 | 49 | 6 | 0 | 1,265 |
Source: Norwegian Meteorological Institute[9] |
Sunlight
The
Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
11:31 – 12:17 | 08:16 – 15:43 | 06:07 – 17:41 | 04:43 – 20:48 | 01:43 – 23:48 | Midnight sun | Midnight sun | 03:44 – 21:50 | 05:56 – 19:20 | 07:54 – 17:04 | 09:25 – 13:32 | Polar night |
Source: Almanakk for Norge; University of Oslo, 2010. Note: The sun is below the horizon until 15 January in Tromsø, but the low sun is blocked by mountains and not visible until 21 January. |
Nature
The sheltered valleys in the interior of Troms have the highest
The inland valleys, like Østerdalen (with Altevatnet), Kirkesdalen, Dividalen, Rostadalen, Signaldalen, and Skibotndalen, are perfect for summer hiking, with their varied nature, mostly dry climate and not too difficult terrain, although there are many accessible mountains for energetic hikers.
Reisadalen is one of the most idyllic river valleys in Norway; from
Economy
The city of
Along the coast and on the islands, fishing is dominant. Important ports for the fishing fleet are Skjervøy, Tromsø and Harstad. There is also some agriculture, especially in the southern part of the county, which has a longer growing season (150 days in Harstad). Balsfjord is often regarded to be the most northern municipality with substantial agricultural activity in Norway, although there is also agriculture further north.
The Norwegian armed forces are vital employers in the Troms, having the seat of the
While the busiest airport in Troms is Tromsø Airport, the southern part included Harstad/Narvik Airport, Evenes and Bardufoss Airport, with Sørkjosen Airport in the northeast. The E6 cuts through the county from Nordland into Gratangen in the south to Kvænangen in the north and then into Finnmark. The E8 road runs from Tromsø to Finland via Nordkjosbotn and the Skibotn valley. There are several large bridges; some of the largest are Tjeldsund Bridge, Mjøsund Bridge, Gisund Bridge, Tromsø Bridge and Sandnessund Bridge. There are several undersea road tunnels; Rolla to Andørja (in Ibestad), Tromsøya to the mainland (Tromsø), Kvaløya to Ringvassøya and Skjervøy to the mainland. The roads are well maintained, but have to go long detours around fjords. For this reason passenger boats are fairly popular, for example between Tromsø and Harstad, and there are also commercial flights inside the county of Troms.
There is no railway in Troms, but in 2013, the government of Finland expressed interest in building a railway from the Finnish rail network to port facilities at Skibotn, though they also stated that they could not finance much of the cost.[17]
History
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
1951 | 117,564 | — |
1961 | 127,771 | +8.7% |
1971 | 136,805 | +7.1% |
1981 | 146,818 | +7.3% |
1991 | 146,816 | −0.0% |
2001 | 151,777 | +3.4% |
2011 | 157,554 | +3.8% |
2021? | 168,953 | +7.2% |
2031? | 176,342 | +4.4% |
Source: Statistics Norway.[18] |
Troms has been settled since the early
). These people made their living from hunting, fishing and gathering.The first of the current ethnic groups to settle in the county were the
The Norse with their iron and agriculture settled along the coast and in some of the larger fjords, while the
Southern and mid-Troms was a
Demographics
The .
Municipalities
Troms county has a total of 21 municipalities.
Municipalities of Troms | ||
---|---|---|
Key | ||
Photo gallery
-
Inside Trondenes Church, the only medieval church in Troms
-
Ersfjorden, Senja island
-
Skjervøy Church in northern Troms at night, February 2004
-
Sørvik in Harstad is at the southern tip of Troms
-
Reindeer in Norway (Rekvika, Troms, Norway)
-
Summer evening in Jøkelfjord, Kvænangen.
Notable people
- Samuel Georg Simeon Wennberg, member of parliament
See also
References
- ^ "Forskrift om målvedtak i kommunar og fylkeskommunar" (in Norwegian). Lovdata.no.
- Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Kunnskapsforlaget.
- Kartverket. Retrieved 2018-07-13.
- ^ "Jubel i nord etter skilsmissen: – Nå skal vi feire!" (in Norwegian). NRK. 13 October 2021. Retrieved 2021-10-14.
- ^ "Offisielt samisk namn for Troms" (in Norwegian). Statens navnekonsulenter. Archived from the original on 26 June 2007. Retrieved 9 January 2006.
- ^ "Troms" (in Norwegian). Arkivverket.no. Archived from the original on 2012-03-22. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
- ^ "Hallvard Trætteberg: fylkesvåpen" (in Norwegian). Arkivverket.no. Archived from the original on 2016-04-11. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
- ^ "Yr coldest recordings in February". Archived from the original on 2014-04-07. Retrieved 2010-02-16.
- ^ "eKlima Web Portal". Norwegian Meteorological Institute. Archived from the original on 2004-06-14.
- ^ "Sunrise and daylight in Tromsø". Gaisma.
- ^ "I jervens rike". dirnat.no (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved May 2, 2023.
- ^ "Øvre Dividal nasjonalpark utvidet". dirnat.no (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on September 30, 2007. Retrieved May 2, 2023.
- ^ "Rohkunborri nasjonalpark er opprettet" (PDF). Direktoratet for Naturforvalting (in Norwegian). Archived from the original (PDF) on October 12, 2012. Retrieved May 2, 2023.
- ^ "Mollisfossen". mollis.no (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on July 18, 2011. Retrieved May 2, 2023.
- ^ "Mektig vassdragsnatur". dirnat.no (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on July 18, 2011. Retrieved May 2, 2023.
- ^ "Skibotn Astrophysical Observatory". Astrophysics Group of University of Tromso. Archived from the original on July 17, 2011. Retrieved May 2, 2023.
- ^ Nilsen, Thomas (December 3, 2013). "Katainen: Railway to Arctic Ocean is a great opportunity". Barents Observer.
- ^ Projected population – Statistics Norway Archived 2013-10-23 at the Wayback Machine
- ISBN 978-83-900213-0-0.
- Store norske leksikon(in Norwegian). Retrieved May 2, 2023.
- ^ Statistics Norway – Church of Norway. Archived 2012-07-16 at archive.today
- ^ "Statistics Norway – Members of religious and life stance communities outside the Church of Norway, by religion/life stance. County. 2006–2010". Archived from the original on 2011-11-02. Retrieved 2011-08-09.
Other sources
- Haugan, Trygve B, ed. (1940). Det Nordlige Norge Fra Trondheim Til Midnattssolens Land. Trondheim: Reisetrafikkforeningen for Trondheim og Trøndelag.
- Moen, Asbjørn (1998). Nasjonalatlas for Norge: Vegetasjon. Hønefoss: Statens Kartverk. ISBN 9788290408263.
- "24-hr averages, 1961–90 base period". Norwegian Meteorological Institute. Archived from the original on 2006-02-08.
- Tollefsrud, Jan Inge; Tjørve, Even; Hermansen, Pål (1991). Perler i Norsk Natur – En Veiviser. Aschehoug. ISBN 9788203166631.
- Almanakk for Norge. University of Oslo. 2010. ISBN 9788205394735.