Tropane alkaloid
Tropane alkaloids are a class of bicyclic [3.2.1]
Classification
This section needs additional citations for verification. (January 2021) |
Anticholinergics
- racemic hyoscyamine, from the deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna)
- Latua pubiflora).
- Scopolamine, from henbane and Daturaspecies (Jimson weed)
All three acetylcholine-inhibiting chemicals can also be found in the leaves, stems, and flowers in varying, unknown amounts in Brugmansia (angel trumpets), a relative of Datura. The same is also true of many other plants belonging to subfamily Solanoideae of the Solanaceae, the alkaloids being concentrated particularly in the leaves and seeds. However, the concentration of alkaloids can vary greatly, even from leaf to leaf and seed to seed.[10][11]
Stimulants
Stimulants and cocaine-related alkaloids:
- Cocaine, from coca plant (Erythroxylum coca)
- Ecgonine, a precursor and metabolite of cocaine
- Benzoylecgonine, a metabolite of cocaine
- Hydroxytropacocaine, from coca plant (Erythroxylum coca)
- Methylecgonine cinnamate, from coca plant (Erythroxylum coca)
Others
- Catuabines, found in catuaba, an infusion or dry extract made from Erythroxylum vaccinifolium
- Scopine
Synthetic analogs of tropane alkaloids also exist, such as the phenyltropanes. They are not considered to be alkaloids per definition.
Biosynthesis
The biosynthesis of the tropane alkaloids have attracted intense interest because of their high physiological activity as well as the presence of the bicyclic tropane core.[12]
References
- PMID 11072891.
- ISBN 978-3-906390-24-6.
- ^ Ryzik M (10 June 2007). "Cocaine: Hidden in Plain Sight". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 11 August 2017. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
- ^ "The Buyers – A Social History of America's Most Popular Drugs". FRONTLINE. PBS. Archived from the original on 14 May 2017. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
- ^ Anderson L. "Devil's Breath: Urban Legend or the World's Most Scary Drug?". Drugs.com. Retrieved 9 July 2019.
- S2CID 220844064.
- ^ Rätsch, Christian, The Encyclopedia of Psychoactive Plants: Ethnopharmacology and Its Applications pub. Park Street Press 2005
- PMID 18799813.
- S2CID 52824516. Retrieved 18 May 2021.
- ISBN 0-12-333150-1
- ISBN 978-3-540-74541-9.
- PMID 2236285.