Trump International Hotel and Tower (Chicago)
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The Trump International Hotel and Tower is a skyscraper
Trump announced in 2001 that the skyscraper would become the
The design of the building includes, from the ground up, retail space, a parking garage, a hotel and
Location
The tower sits at 401 North Wabash Avenue in the
The building is across the Chicago River from the
Design and architecture
The design of the building incorporates three
The building has 2.6 million square feet (240,000 m2) of floor space, rises to 98 stories, and houses 486 luxury residential condominiums. These include studio apartments, a mixture of suites with one to four bedrooms, and five-bedroom penthouses. The tower also features a luxury hotel condominium with 339 guest rooms.[10] The building includes, from the ground up, retail space, a parking garage, a hotel, and condominiums.[11] The 3rd through 12th floors house lobbies, retail space, and the parking garage; the 14th floor and its mezzanine hosts a health club and spa. The 17th floor through the 27th-floor mezzanine contain hotel condominiums and executive lounges. The 28th through 85th floors have residential condominiums, and the 86th through 89th floors have penthouses.[10] A 1.2-acre (0.49 ha) riverfront park and riverwalk, along a 500-foot (150 m) space in the area adjacent to the building to the east,[10][12] was opened in the first half of 2010.[13] The park facilitates public assembly and entertainment activity while linking the building effectively with river commuters.[14]
In 2011, the riverfront park landscaping surrounding the building, which is referred to as Trump Plaza and Riverwalk or sometimes just Trump Plaza, became the subject of controversy. In 2010, the Plaza had earned special recognition at the
The building broke the record for the world's highest residence above ground level, held since 1969 by the nearby
Height
The Trump International Hotel and Tower rises 1,400 feet (426.7 m) from the building's main entrance on
Sign
According to Trump, he received approval for a 3,600-square-foot (334.5 m2) sign from
Crews began hanging the sign in May 2014.
In the wake of the January 6 United States Capitol attack, city alderman Gilbert Villegas proposed a new ordinance that would prevent any renewal of sign permits to persons convicted of "treason, sedition or subversive activities", specifically targeting the sign.[39]
Features
According to the "2010 City Guide: Chicago" edition of the Forbes Travel Guide, the building hosts one of the seven four-star restaurants in the city and one of the three four-star spas. The hotel is one of two four star hotels. In 2010, Chicago had two five-star hotels and two five-star restaurants.[40] By the time of the Forbes Travel Guide: 2013 City Guide, the hotel and restaurant were each among only three five-star ratings in the city.[41] It retained this ranking in the 2015 Forbes Guide (along with hotels The Peninsula and Four Seasons and with restaurants Alinea and Grace).[42] The spa was among 6 four- or five-star Forbes-rated spas in the Chicago area in 2015.[42]
The restaurant was promoted to two-star rating by the Michelin Guide for 2014 and retained that rating in 2015. It was one of 5 Chicago restaurants to achieve at least a two-star Michelin rating in both years.[43][44] In 2016, it again retained its two-star rating as one of five restaurants in the city with such a rating.[45][46]
Hotel
The original plan was to have a partial opening of three of the hotel's floors on December 3, 2007, with a grand opening to follow. The interim ceremony, however, was delayed until January 30, 2008,[47][48][49] while the City of Chicago granted occupancy approval for the staff of the hotel in the first 27 floors.[50] Four floors of guest rooms were opened, comprising 125 of the planned 339 rooms.[51][52][53] By January 30, construction on the exterior of the building had passed the 53rd floor.[51][54] The grand opening of the hotel, including amenities, originally scheduled for March 17, 2008,[51] took place on April 28, 2008.[55][56] Pulitzer-Prize-winning Chicago Tribune architecture critic Blair Kamin faults the zebrawood paneling in the hotel lobby,[57] but another Tribune reporter praises the hotel for its "understated, contemporary look, distinguished by stunning views".[51]
Restaurants
On the 16th floor, a restaurant named
The Terrace, which opened on June 25, 2009,
Rebar—the hotel bar on the mezzanine level—opened on April 18, 2008.[65]
On June 5, 2018, it was announced that Terrace 16 Restaurant & Bar would replace Sixteen.[66] The newly themed dining space was expected to debut during the summer of 2018.[67]
Spa
The 23,000-square-foot (2,100 m2) spa, named The Spa at Trump,[68] opened in late March 2008.[69] The spa offers gemstone-infused (diamond, ruby, or sapphire) oil massages, hydrating masques, exfoliating salts and the "Deluge shower".[69] The spa features a health club with an indoor pool, eleven treatment rooms, a private couples treatment suite, Swiss shower, and saunas.[68] The Citysearch editorial review described this as the "Bentley of hotel spas".[70] A Chicago Tribune critic spoke of the spa in positive terms for both the treatment and the physical spa itself.[71] The Spa at Trump can be accessed from a large circular staircase inside the hotel, enabling its customers to access the facility from specially designed spa guest rooms without using the elevator.[72]
Development
Design history
In July 2001, when Donald Trump announced plans for the site of the former seven-story Sun-Times Building, the tower was expected to reach a height of 1,500 feet (457.2 m), which would have made it the world's tallest building. It was expected to contain between 2.4 and 3.1 million sq ft (220,000 and 290,000 m2) of floor space
After the terrorist acts of September 11, 2001, Trump reduced the planned height to 78 stories and 1,073 feet (327.1 m), to reduce the risk of similar attacks.[81][82] Time magazine reported that a meeting between Smith and Trump about erecting the tallest building in Chicago was taking place at the actual time of the attacks.[83] Some international news sources later claimed that the planned tower height was reduced to 900 feet (274.3 m) after the original plans called for a 150-story building that would reach 2,000 feet (609.6 m).[83][84] These claims are supported by computer renderings from 1999 of the proposed skyscraper, shown in the Chicago Tribune in 2005.[85]
The building's 1,073-foot (327.1 m) design was first released in December 2001.
Initial phases
On October 16, 2004, Donald Trump and
In March 2005, the construction process began with the sinking of the first caisson for the tower into the bedrock.[100] In April, construction began on the foundation below the Chicago River.[11] In July 2005, water from the river began seeping into the building site, through crevices in a corner where the foundation wall meets the Wabash Avenue Bridge.[11] Divers discovered that the leak could not be sealed from the water side. After several other failed attempts to correct the problem, they drove a steel plate next to the gap and filled the space between with concrete after digging it out.[11]
Within a single 24-hour period in October 2005, a fleet of 30 concrete trucks made 600 trips to pour 5,000 cubic yards (3,800 m3) of concrete, and thus create a 200-by-66-by-10-foot (61.0 by 20.1 by 3.0 m) concrete "mat".
Legal issues
In October 2006, controversy erupted over a 10-by-4.5-foot (3.0 by 1.4 m) street kiosk at the foot of the
In a separate legal development, Donald Trump was sued by former Chicago Sun-Times publisher F. David Radler and his daughters in February 2008 for rescinding all "friends and family" condominium purchases, including Radler's.[104][105] As president of the Sun-Times' holding company, Radler had negotiated the sale of the paper's headquarters building to Trump's consortium. The price of Radler's condo had been discounted by 10%, and only a 5% deposit was required instead of the standard 15%.[104] Radler and family were part of a group of 40 insiders who were able to purchase property at about $500 per square foot ($5,400/m2). When the market value of the property eventually rose to over $1,300 per square foot ($14,000/m2), Trump nullified the "friends and family" sales.[106] The insiders were involved in the planning and designing of the building.[107] In January 2007, Trump cited both a clause about "matters beyond [the] seller's reasonable control" and the desire to "have more income to handle potentially higher construction costs".[107] Despite Trump's concerns about higher construction costs, earlier in the same month, Ivanka Trump, his daughter, an executive of the company, had stated that the construction was $50 million under budget.[108] In addition to the Radler suit over the validity of the "friends and family" discount contracts, a group of four owners sued over revisions to the closing terms, which placed limits on the owner occupancy of condo hotel units and excluded the meeting rooms and ballrooms from the common elements of which the owners have an interest.[109]
In an additional legal issue, on February 8, 2005, Trump had closed on a construction loan of $640 million from
Construction
The building is
Two earlier business decisions by the Chicago Sun-Times led to substantial savings of time and money during the Trump Tower's construction. The original 1950s
On August 16, 2008, construction crews made the last major concrete pour to top off the Trump tower's concrete core, which was commemorated with an unofficial ceremony. To celebrate the milestone, a yellow tower crane raised a bucket full of concrete and an American flag to the rooftop of the skyscraper. Another ceremony occurred on August 19, when construction supervisors, structural engineers and company representatives from McHugh Construction made a minor concrete pour at the top of the Trump tower.[130] Although Donald Trump was absent from both of these ceremonies, he, Donald Jr., Ivanka and Eric Trump attended the topping off party on September 24, 2008. Original plans called for the windows to be completed and the spire erected in October 2008.[131] However, the spire installation was delayed through high winds in December 2008,[132] and was finally completed on January 3, 2009.[133] Kamin's critical opinion is that the spire is not aesthetically complementary.[80]
At the September 2008 topping off ceremony, Donald Trump marketed his hotel by expressing doubts about the
Residents of the Trump building are zoned to Chicago Public Schools,[138] more specifically to Ogden School and Wells Community Academy High School.[139][140]
After opening
Residential unit sales
Trump's hotel was 25% unsold at the time of the 2008 topping off ceremony, and was expected to need the mid-2009 construction loan extension that has caused legal complications.[141] This was partially due to the subprime mortgage crisis, which disrupted condominium sales.[142] Trump had sold all but 36 of the building's 486 residential condos at the end of 2012, and 15 remained unsold at the end of 2013.[26] By May 15, 2014, only six units remained for sale including three that were used as the sales center and sales models.[143]
Notable residents
Several local celebrities purchased units in the building, including numerous professional athletes and artists. Juwan Howard, Rex Grossman, Patrick Kane and R. Kelly were among the purchasers of Trump properties.[144][145][146] Derrick Rose purchased a $2.8 million 3,102-square-foot (288.2 m2) condo in spring 2012.[147] Other prominent purchasers of units included McDonald's Chief Executive and President Don Thompson and WMAQ-TV (NBC 5 Chicago) president and general manager David Doebler.[148][149] United Airlines CEO Jeff Smisek and Huron Consulting Group CEO James Roth also purchased properties in the building.[150]
Two units on the 87th and 88th floors sold for prices in excess of $5 million in 2009 directly from the developer. After a few soft years in the real estate market, it took until August 2014, for units to sell for prices in excess of $1000 per square foot. Two units sold for over $3 million that month including a $3.99 million sale, which was the highest sale price in the building since 2009.[151][152] The penthouse sold for $17 million in late 2014 to Sanjay Shah, founder and CEO of Vistex.[153][154]
In May 2016, a one-bedroom unit with a parking space became the first listed Chicago one-bedroom unit to fetch over $1,100-a-square-foot when Mark and Deborah Hellman moved their interests from a one-bedroom to a two-bedroom unit in the building.[155] Overall, however, real estate observers noticed a slowdown in Trump Tower sales due to the controversial nature of the Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign: prospective buyers who were happy with the actual tower residences were unsure they wanted to be associated with the Trump name.[156]
Floods in 2014
In February, after one round of drink service, three men were denied further service at
On June 26, a pipe burst near the west public parking entrance, causing the first floor of the tower to flood.[158]
Environmental lawsuit
In June 2018, through the Abrams Environmental Law Clinic at the University of Chicago, the Illinois Chapter of the Sierra Club and Friends of the Chicago River provided notice of their intent to sue the Chicago Trump International Hotel and Tower over violations of the Clean Water Act, alleging an illegal operation of a cooling water intake structure that siphons water from the Chicago River and likely traps and kills fish and other wildlife.[159] In August 2018, Illinois Attorney General Lisa Madigan filed suit in the Circuit Court of Cook County alleging that though Trump Tower's National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit expired on August 31, 2017, it continued to release almost 20 million gallons of water it uses for cooling into the river each day.[160] In February 2021, a judge ruled that the building's management had violated state environmental laws by operating the water intake without a permit and without filing plans detailing how they would minimize the environmental impact.[161]
Madigan's successor Kwame Raoul sued the Trump Organization again in September 2023, alleging the tower continued to take in river water without a valid permit. The Sierra Club and Friends of the Chicago River also filed a renewed complaint that claimed the tower's river intake had been underestimated by 44% in official filings.[162]
Incidents
On Sunday, October 18, 2020, at around 5:30 PM (
Critical review
Fodor's Chicago 2010 ranks the hotel as having one of the best spas and one of the best pools in the city. It also ranked the hotel as a Fodor's Choice among Chicago lodging options.[169] Fodor's also notes that the hotel has impeccable service and lavish amenities, but also notes that the hotel may be a bit "too decadent", with offerings such as $25 bottles of water.[170]
Frommer's Chicago 2010 describes the hotel as having the gorgeous views and upscale amenities to provide a place to go to live the life of a wealthy tourist.[171] The building is praised for its location, which provides as many views along the Chicago River as possible. Its modern architecture is praised for "contemporary synthesis of adjacent building fabrics and modulations" that preserve the city's architectural heritage and integrate the riverfront setting.[8]
Forbes Travel Guide describes the hotel as having an understated upscale lobby, sophisticated lounge, gorgeous restaurant and lavish rooms with amazing views.[173] It also describes the hotel as befitting of the Trump name in several ways.[174]
Insight Guides describes the building's architectural swagger as fitting for the post-September 11 attacks skyline.[177] Ten years after the September 11 attacks, Kamin described the building as the one that "best reveals how the September 11 terrorist attacks either did or did not change architecture". Kamin clarified his belief:
Simply by virtue of standing there—and by being the tallest American building built since the 1974 completion of Sears (now Willis) Tower—Trump confounds those who predicted after 9/11 that iconic skyscrapers would never be built again. At the same time, Trump's height—originally pegged at more than 2,000 feet but eventually scaled back to 1,362 feet—suggests that the fear spawned by the attacks did have some effect.
In popular culture
The final confrontation between Batman and the Joker in the film The Dark Knight was shot in the Summer of 2007 at the very top of the construction site of the then partially completed tower.[179]
The building's planning and redesign led to publicity in local and national media both before and during its construction. For example, on September 19, 2007, the Trump International Hotel and Tower was featured on an episode of the
When
The tower was also one of the key locations filmed in Chicago for the 2011 film Transformers: Dark of the Moon.[182][183]
The building, as well as its address "N Michigan Av / E Wacker Dr", feature prominently in the opening of the TV series The Crazy Ones, created by David E. Kelley and aired by CBS during the 2013–2014 season. It is implied that the offices of the fictional advertising firm that is the topic of the series, Lewis, Roberts & Roberts, is inside the building.[184]
See also
- List of buildings and structures
- List of tallest buildings in Chicago
- List of things named after Donald Trump
Notes
- ^ Viewing the building from the east (along the Chicago River, e.g.), one sees that the Marina City towers beyond the Trump International Hotel and Tower do not line up with the second setback.
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External links
- Trump International Hotel & Tower Chicago Official Hotel Website
- Trump International Hotel & Tower Chicago Official Real Estate Website
- Trump Organization Official Website
- Trump International Hotel & Tower on CTBUHSkyscraper Center
- Chicago Tribune story gallery
- archive at Chicago Tribune
- Trump Tower Floorplans