Tsat language
 | This article's lead section contains information that is not included elsewhere in the article. (April 2021) |
| Tsat | |
|---|---|
| Hainan Cham | |
| Native to | Utsul |
Native speakers | 4,000 (2007)[1] |
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | huq |
| Glottolog | tsat1238 |
| ELP | Tsat |
Tsat, also known as Utsat, Utset, Hainan Cham, or Huíhuī (
Utsul people in Yanglan (羊栏) and Huixin (回新) villages near Sanya, Hainan, China. Tsat is a member of the Malayo-Polynesian group within the Austronesian language family, and is one of the Chamic languages originating on the coast of present-day Vietnam
.
Tonogenesis
Hainan Cham tones correspond to various
Proto-Chamic sounds.[2]
| Tone value (Hainan Cham) |
Type of tone (Hainan Cham) |
Proto-Chamic final sound |
|---|---|---|
| 55 | High | *-h, *-s; PAN *-q |
| 42 | Falling | *-p, *-t, *-k, *-c, *-ʔ Voiceless final: voiced stop / affricate (pre-)initial[a] *-ay, *-an[b] |
| 24 | Rising | *-p, *-t, *-k, *-c, *-ʔ Voiceless final: default |
| 11 | Low | Vowels and nasals, *-a:s Voiced final: voiced stop / affricate (pre-)initial[a] |
| 33 | Mid | Vowels and nasals, *a:s Voiced final: default |
History
Unusually for an Austronesian language, Tsat has developed into a
Notes
- ^ Tsat at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ a b c Thurgood, Graham (1993). "Phan Rang Cham and Utsat: Tonogenetic Themes and Variants". In Edmondson, Jerold A.; Gregerson, Kenneth J. (eds.). Tonality in Austronesian Languages. Oceanic Linguistics Special Publication, 24. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. pp. 91–106.
- ISBN 0-8248-2131-9. Retrieved 2011-05-15.
References
- Edmondson, Jerold A. (1993). Tonality in Austronesian Languages (illustrated ed.). Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 0-8248-1530-0.
- Thurgood, Graham; Li, Fengxiang (2002). "Contact Induced Variation and Syntactic Change in the Tsat of Hainan". Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society. 28 (2): 149. hdl:1885/254195.
- Thurgood, Graham (2010). "Hainan Cham, Anong, and Eastern Cham: Three Languages, Three Social Contexts, Three Patterns of Change". Journal of Language Contact. 3 (2): 39–65. .
- Thurgood, Graham; Thurgood, Ela; Li, Fengxiang (2014). A Grammatical Sketch of Hainan Cham: History, Contact, and Phonology. Pacific Linguistics. De Gruyter Mouton. ISBN 978-1-61451-877-8– via Google Books.
- Zheng, Yiqing 郑贻青 (1997). Huíhuīhuà yánjiū 回辉话研究 [A Study of the Huihui Language] (in Chinese). Shanghai: Shanghai yuandong chubanshe.
External links
- Pérez Pereiro, Alberto. "Tonality in Phan Rang Cham and Tsat". Archived from the original on 2006-03-20. Retrieved 2006-12-22.
- Recent papers on Tsat Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine