Tsesarevich

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Tsesarevich^[1] (Russian: цесаревич, IPA: [tsɨsɐˈrʲevʲɪtɕ]) was the title of the heir apparent or presumptive in the Russian Empire. It either preceded or replaced the given name and patronymic.

Usage

It is often confused with "

The title came to be used invariably in tandem with the formal style "Successor" (

In 1721 Peter the Great discontinued use of "tsar" as his main title, and adopted that of imperator (emperor), whereupon the title of tsarevich (and "tsarevna", retained for life by Ivan V's daughters) fell into a state of disuse.^[2] The Emperor's daughters were henceforth referred to as "tsesarevna" (Peter had no living son by this time). In 1762, upon succeeding to the imperial throne, Peter III accorded his only son Paul Petrovich (by the future Catherine the Great) the novel title of tsesarevich, he being the first of nine Romanov heirs who would bear it.^[2] However, at the time the title was conferred, Paul was recognised as Peter's legal son, but not as his legal heir. Nor would he be officially recognised as such by his mother after her usurpation of the throne.

More often he was internationally referred to by his other title of "

Thenceforth, each Emperor's eldest son bore the title until 1894, when

Alexei Nikolaevich

(1904–1918), became the Russian Empire's last tsesarevich.

Tsesarevich of Russia

Picture	Name	Heir of	Birth	Became Heir to the Throne	Created Tsesarevich	Ceased to be Tsesarevich	Death	Tsesarevna
	Tsesarevich Paul Petrovich later Paul I	Catherine II	1 October 1754	9 July 1762	7 January 1762	17 November 1796 became Emperor	24 March 1801	Wilhelmina Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg
	Tsesarevich Alexander Pavlovich later Alexander I	Paul I	23 December 1777	17 November 1796	28 November 1796	24 March 1801 became Emperor	1 December 1825	Louise of Baden
	Tsesarevich Constantine Pavlovich	Alexander I	8 May 1779	24 March 1801	8 November 1799	27 June 1831		Juliane of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
	Tsesarevich Alexander Nikolaevich later Alexander II	Nicholas I	29 April 1818	1 December 1825	10 September 1831	2 March 1855 became Emperor	13 March 1881	Marie of Hesse and by Rhine
	Tsesarevich Nicholas Alexandrovich	Alexander II	20 September 1843	2 March 1855		24 April 1865
	Tsesarevich Alexander Alexandrovich later Alexander III		10 March 1845	24 April 1865		13 March 1881 became Emperor	1 November 1894	Dagmar of Denmark
	Tsesarevich Nicholas Alexandrovich later Nicholas II	Alexander III	18 May 1868	13 March 1881		1 November 1894 became Emperor	17 July 1918
	Tsesarevich George Alexandrovich	Nicholas II	9 May 1871	1 November 1894		10 July 1899
	Tsesarevich Alexei Nikolaevich		12 August 1904			15 March 1917 Monarchy abolished	17 July 1918

Tsesarevna of Russia

The wife of an heir-tsesarevich bore the title Tsesarevna (

Picture	Name	Father	Birth	Marriage	Became Tsesarevna	Ceased to be Tsesarevna	Death	Spouse
	Maria Alexandrovna born Marie of Hesse and by Rhine	Louis II, Grand Duke of Hesse (Hesse-Darmstadt)	8 August 1824	28 April 1841		2 March 1855 became Empress	3 June 1880	Tsesarevich Alexander Nikolaevich
	Maria Feodorovna born Dagmar of Denmark	Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg )	26 November 1847	9 November 1866		13 March 1881 became Empress	13 October 1928	Tsesarevich Alexander Alexandrovich

Post-monarchy

After claiming the Russian throne in exile in 1924

Until the end of the empire most people in Russia and abroad, verbally and in writing continued to refer to the Sovereign as "tsar". Perhaps for that reason the title of tsesarevich was less frequently used to refer to the heir apparent than either "tsarevich" or "grand duke".^[citation needed]

See also

• List of heirs to the Russian throne

References