Qingdao

Coordinates: 36°04′01″N 120°22′58″E / 36.0669°N 120.3827°E / 36.0669; 120.3827
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
(Redirected from
Tsingtao
)

Qingdao
青岛市
Tsingtao
Sub-provincial city
Clockwise from top left: Qingdao's skyline, St. Michael's Cathedral, Qingdao harbor, a temple at the base of Mount Lao, and May Fourth Square
Clockwise from top left: Qingdao's skyline, St. Michael's Cathedral, Qingdao harbor, a temple at the base of Mount Lao, and May Fourth Square
Coastline
  • 862.64 km (536.02 mi)
  • (inclusive of offshore islands)
  • 730.64 km (454.00 mi)
  • (exclusive of islands)
Major
County-level divisions
10
ClimateDwa/Cwa
Websiteqingdao.gov.cn
Symbols
FlowerChina rose
Camellia
TreeCedrus
Qingdao
Tâi-lô
Tsheng-tó
German nameGermanTsingtao

Qingdao

prefecture-level cities of Yantai to the northeast, Weifang[6] to the west and Rizhao to the southwest.[7]

Qingdao is a major

Huangdao district, straddling the Jiaozhou Bay sea areas. Its historic German-style architecture and Tsingtao Brewery, the second largest brewery in China,[8] are legacies of the German occupation (1898–1914). Qingdao is classified as a Large-Port Metropolis.[9]

In the 2020 Global Financial Centers Index, Qingdao ranked 47th; the index is published by the Z/Yen Group and China Development Institute, the other Chinese cities on the list being Shanghai, Hong Kong, Beijing, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Chengdu, Nanjing, Xi'an, Tianjin, Hangzhou, Dalian, and Wuhan.[10] In 2007, Qingdao was named as one of China's top ten cities by the Chinese Cities Brand Value Report, which was released at the 2007 Beijing Summit of China Cities Forum.[11] In 2009, Qingdao was named China's most livable city by the Chinese Institute of City Competitiveness.[12][13] In 2018, Qingdao held the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation summit.[14] In 2020, Qingdao was rated as a Gamma+ level global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network.[15]

Qingdao is also one of the world's top 50 cities for global scientific research as tracked by the Nature Index.[16] The city is home to several notable universities, including the Ocean University of China, China University of Petroleum, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao University of Technology, and Qingdao Agricultural University.[17]

History

Antiquity

Human settlement in the area dates back 6,000 years. The

Jimo was established, which was then the second-largest one in the Shandong region. The area in which Qingdao is located today was named Jiao'ao (胶澳) when it was administered by the Qing Dynasty on 14 June 1891.[19]

German and Japanese occupations

Further information:
Kiautschou Bay concession
Sketch map of Qingdao, circa 1906
Main gate of former Chinese munitions depot, taken over by the Imperial German Navy, Kiautschou Bay, Shandong peninsula, 1898

In 1891, the Qing Empire decided to make coastal Qingdao (then known as "Jiao'ao") a defense base against naval attacks and began to improve its fortifications.

Roman Catholic missions.[22] Commercial interests established the Germania Brewery in 1903, which later became the world-famous Tsingtao Brewery.[23]
German cultural and commercial influences extended to other areas of Shandong Province, including the establishment of diverse commercial enterprises.

Identified by the German authorities as a strategically important port, Qingdao was administered by the

Jiaoji Railway began on 23 September 1899, and was completed in 1904.[24]

alt= Japanese military currency * Siege of Tsingtao * 10 sen (1914)
Japanese military currency

Before the outbreak of

Marianas Islands to plan a transit back to Germany rather than be trapped in the Pacific by more powerful and numerous Allied fleets (British and Japanese).[note 1]

After a minor British naval attack on the German concession in Shandong (

Versailles Treaty negotiations not to restore Chinese rule over the previous foreign concessions in Qingdao after the Great War triggered the May Fourth Movement (4 May 1919) of anti-imperialism, nationalism and cultural identity in China.[27]

Map of Qingdao in 1912

The city came under Chinese rule in December 1922, under control of the

Chinese Revolution the year before. However, Japan maintained its economic dominance of the railway and the province as a whole.[28] The city became a direct-controlled municipality
of the ROC Government in July 1929.

Japan re-occupied Qingdao in 1938, a year after it expanded the

People’s Republic of China on 1 October 1949 the city was taken by Chairman Mao Zedong
and his troops.

Qingdao city planning and development

1898–1914

The development of the Qingdao urban space during the German occupation (1898–1914) originated from the port. Mass urban construction began in 1898 with the relocation of Chinese dwellers along the coast.

Chinese Revolution of 1911 and subsequently first president of the Republic of China, visited the Tsingtau area and stated in 1912, "I am impressed. The city is a true model for China's future".[32]

1914–1922

The development of Tsingtao urban space continued during the first Japan-occupation period (1914–1922). In 1914, Tsingtao was taken over by the Japanese and served as a base for the exploitation of natural resources of Shandong and northern China. With the development of industry and commerce, a "New City District" was established to furnish the Japanese colonists with commercial sections and living quarters, which suggested a striking contrast to the shabby houses in the local Chinese zones (Li 2007, p. 133). In the meantime, several schools, hospitals, and public buildings were constructed, followed by urban streets and intercity highways as well. The urban spatial layout continued to expand northward along the east bay area.

1922–1938

The development of Tsingtao urban space during the ROC-ruled period (1922–1938). This period saw the substantial progress of the urban development of Tsingtao. The government engaged itself in mass construction that gave birth to villa districts at the beach and bank groups in CBD. Plenty of public buildings and facilities for entertainment and sports were completed. By the year 1937, the urban population numbered 385,000(Lu 2001, p. 327). Tsingtao consequently distinguished itself as a prominent holiday resort and summer retreat.

1938–1945

The development of Tsingtao urban space during the second Japan-occupied period (1938–1945). Japanese armed forces returned to Tsingtao in 1938 and started to strive for the construction of the Greater Tsingtao in the following June. Accordingly, they worked out the city planning of the Greater Tsingtao and the City Planning of the Mother Town (Tsingtao City Proper), even though they had not had the opportunity to actualize either, respectively. The period in question did not witness much urban progress except for the logical construction of No. 6 Wharf, some Japanese residences, and a small number of roads and streets (Lu 2001, p. 339).

Postwar

After World War II, the

PRC
control since that time.

Since the 1984 inauguration of China's open-door policy to foreign trade and investment, Qingdao has rapidly developed into an ultramodern port city. It is now the headquarters of the Chinese navy's northern fleet. An early example of the open-door policy occurred on 5 November 1984, when three United States Naval vessels visited Qingdao. This was the first US port call to China in more than 37 years. USS Rentz, USS Reeves, and USS Oldendorf and their crews were officially hosted by the Chinese People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN).

Northern Qingdao, particularly

Chengyang
districts, are now major manufacturing centers. The city has recently experienced a strong growth period, with a new central business district created to the east of the older business district. Outside of the center of the city, there is a large industrial zone, which includes chemical processing, rubber, and heavy manufacturing, in addition to a growing high-tech area. Numerous local and national service companies, rather than manufacturers, are based in the city's southern district.

Image of Qingdao in the early 1900s

Administrative divisions

City Hall of Qingdao

The sub-provincial city of Qingdao has seven districts (区; qū) and three county-level cities (市; shì):Qingdao City, located in Shandong Province, China, is a prefecture-level city with several aliases, including "Island City" and "Jiaozhou Bay." Qingdao is a vice-provincial-level city, a separately listed city, and recognized as a major city. According to the approval of the State Council, Qingdao is designated as an important coastal center city and a coastal resort tourism city in China, as well as an international port city. Qingdao City administers 7 districts and 3 county-level cities. These districts include Shinan District, Shibei District, Huangdao District, Laoshan District, Licang District, Chengyang District, and Jimo District, while the county-level cities consist of Jiaozhou City, Pingdu City, and Laixi City.

Subdivision
Simplified
)		 Pinyin Romanization Admin.
Code[33]		 Land Area
(km2)		 Urbanization
Rate (%)		 Permanent Resident
Population ('000s, 2010)		 Population Density
(1/km2)
Districts
Shinan District
(city seat)		 市南区 Shìnán Qū 370202 30.01 100 544.8 18153.95
Shibei District
 市北区 Shìběi Qū 370203 63.18 100 1020.7 16155.43
Huangdao District
(Xihai'an New Area)
 黄岛区
（西海岸新区）		 Huángdǎo Qū
(Xīhǎi'àn Xīnqū)		 370211 2220.10 80 1392.6 627.27
Laoshan District
 崂山区 Láoshān Qū 370212 389.34 80 379.5 974.73
Licang District
 李沧区 Lǐcāng Qū 370213 95.52 100 512.4 5364.32
Chengyang District
 城阳区 Chéngyáng Qū 370214 553.20 80 737.2 1332.61
Jimo District
 即墨区 Jímò Qū 370282 1727 58.1 1177.2 681.64
County-level cities
Jiaozhou 胶州市 Jiāozhōu Shì 370281 1210 68.0 843.1 696.78
Pingdu 平度市 Píngdù Shì 370283 3166 52.8 1357.4 428.74
Laixi 莱西市 Láixī Shì 370285 1522 58.1 750.2 492.90

Geographically, there are three districts (Shinan, Shibei, Licang) constituting a peninsula on the east coast of the Jiaozhou Bay as the core urban area, one (Chengyang) on the north coast and one (Xihai'an) on the west coast of the Yellow Sea.

  • Defunct -
    Huangdao District
    (December 2012)

Geography

Qingdao (labeled CH'ING-TAO (TSINGTAO) 青島) (1954)
above sea level
. Of the total area of Qingdao, 15.5% is highland, while the foothill, plain, and lowland areas constitute 25.1%, 37.8%, and 21.7%, respectively. The city has a 730.64-kilometer (454.00 mi)-long coastline. Five significant rivers exceeding 50 kilometers (31 mi) in length can be found in the region.

Climate

Qingdao has a temperate, four-season,

diurnal temperature variation is only 6.3 °C (11.3 °F); conversely, its fall is milder than inland areas in Shandong. The water temperature peaks at about 25 °C (77 °F) in late August. Thus, swimming is possible for two months on either side. The annual mean temperature is 13.3 °C (55.9 °F). Extremes since 1951 have ranged from −15.5 °C (4 °F) on 16 January 1958 to 38.9 °C (102 °F) on 15 July 2002.[36] With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 38 percent in July to 59 percent in October, the city receives 2,261 hours of bright sunshine annually.[37]

During the summer months, the beaches of Qingdao are afflicted by massive algal blooms. The decomposing algae release large amounts of hydrogen sulfide gas, which produces an offensive "rotten egg" odor. Sea lettuce blooms, which are partially caused by seaweed farming in Jiangsu Province, led local officials to declare a "large-scale algae disaster" in 2013.[38]

Climate data for Qingdao (1991–2020 normals)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 12.9
(55.2) 		19.6
(67.3) 		21.5
(70.7) 		25.2
(77.4) 		34.2
(93.6) 		34.4
(93.9) 		37.4
(99.3) 		34.3
(93.7) 		33.2
(91.8) 		28.4
(83.1) 		22.1
(71.8) 		16.2
(61.2) 		37.4
(99.3)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 3.4
(38.1) 		5.6
(42.1) 		10.0
(50.0) 		15.7
(60.3) 		21.1
(70.0) 		24.3
(75.7) 		27.6
(81.7) 		28.7
(83.7) 		25.8
(78.4) 		20.2
(68.4) 		12.8
(55.0) 		5.9
(42.6) 		16.8
(62.2)
Daily mean °C (°F) 0.2
(32.4) 		2.1
(35.8) 		6.2
(43.2) 		11.6
(52.9) 		17.1
(62.8) 		20.8
(69.4) 		24.7
(76.5) 		25.6
(78.1) 		22.3
(72.1) 		16.6
(61.9) 		9.5
(49.1) 		2.7
(36.9) 		13.3
(55.9)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −2.4
(27.7) 		−0.6
(30.9) 		3.4
(38.1) 		8.7
(47.7) 		14.1
(57.4) 		18.5
(65.3) 		22.7
(72.9) 		23.4
(74.1) 		19.5
(67.1) 		13.7
(56.7) 		6.7
(44.1) 		0.1
(32.2) 		10.7
(51.2)
Record low °C (°F) −14.3
(6.3) 		−12.1
(10.2) 		−6.2
(20.8) 		−1.6
(29.1) 		6.1
(43.0) 		12.0
(53.6) 		13.6
(56.5) 		16.3
(61.3) 		10.1
(50.2) 		1.9
(35.4) 		−7.2
(19.0) 		−11.3
(11.7) 		−14.3
(6.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 10.3
(0.41) 		15.7
(0.62) 		18.0
(0.71) 		34.0
(1.34) 		64.1
(2.52) 		70.7
(2.78) 		159.1
(6.26) 		159.6
(6.28) 		69.4
(2.73) 		35.5
(1.40) 		35.2
(1.39) 		14.8
(0.58) 		686.4
(27.02)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 2.8 4.0 4.6 6.5 7.7 8.7 11.6 10.9 7.2 5.3 5.2 3.6 78.1
Average snowy days 3.8 3.3 1.6 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.7 2.7 12.3
Average
relative humidity
(%) 		63 65 65 67 71 82 86 82 71 64 64 63 70
Mean monthly sunshine hours 160.4 164.9 208.6 219.1 234.3 186.0 168.3 194.5 201.1 202.1 163.4 158.5 2,261.2
Percent possible sunshine 52 53 56 56 54 43 38 47 55 59 54 53 52
Average ultraviolet index 2 3 5 7 9 9 10 9 7 5 3 1 6
Source 1: China Meteorological Administration[39][40]
Source 2: Weather China[41] Weather Atlas (UV index)[42]

See or edit raw graph data.

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1913[43]58,000—    
1953916,846+1480.8%
19641,383,433+50.9%
19824,227,594+205.6%
19906,663,989+57.6%
20007,494,194+12.5%
20108,715,100+16.3%
20209,499,800+9.0%
Population size may be affected by changes in administrative divisions.

Of the 10 million residents of Qingdao, 6.2 million reside in the Qingdao urban area. Another estimated 5 million live in other cities under Qingdao's jurisdiction.

death rate
of 6.32, both calculated on an annual basis. Living standards are among the highest of leading Chinese cities due to the strong export economy and relatively high family wages.

There is a large Korean community in Qingdao. By 2009, there were approximately 100,000 Koreans working, studying and living in Qingdao, which makes Qingdao the second in terms of Korean population in China, following Beijing which has about 200,000 Koreans.[45]

Economy

Tsingtao beer
, China's second-largest domestic brand and its largest export brand.
Qingdao TV Tower

In recent years, an important region in Eastern China, Shandong Province has seen substantial change in its economic landscape. Much of this development has been concentrated in Qingdao.[46] Qingdao has seen rapid development. With an annual growth rate of 18.9 percent in 2006, the city's GDP reached 42.3 billion, ranking first in Shandong Province and tenth out of China's top 20 cities.[46] GDP per capita comprised CN¥52,895 (US$7,616) in 2008. The GDP has grown steadily at an average pace of 16% annually. In 2006, Qingdao was ranked one of six "golden cities" by the World Bank, out of 120 Chinese cities assessed on factors including investment climate and government effectiveness.[46] In 2018, Qingdao's GDP reached CN¥1200.15 billion, though it shrank a little in 2019.[47]

Internationally, Qingdao is perhaps best known for its

white goods manufacturer, and Hisense, a major electronics company. In 2002 guitar manufacturers Epiphone opened a factory in Qingdao.[48]

In 1984 the Chinese government named a district of Qingdao a

secondary and tertiary industries. Qingdao has been the recipient of large foreign investment and its port is a hub for local and international trade. South Korea and Japan
in particular made extensive investments in the city. In terms of
primary sector industries, Qingdao has an estimated 50,000 acres (200 km2) of arable land. [citation needed] Qingdao has a zigzagging pattern coastline, and thus possesses an invaluable stock of fish, shrimp
, and other sea resources.

Qingdao's wind power electricity generation performs at among the highest levels in the region.[49]

Industrial zones

  • Qingdao West Coast New District
  • Qingdao Special Economic and Technological Development Area
  • Qingdao Free Trade Zone
  • Qingdao High-tech Industrial Zone
  • Qingdao University Industrial Zone

Transport

Road

There are a total of 1,145 km (711 mi) of roads in the Qingdao area, with nearly 500 km (310 mi) of expressways. These National Trunk Highway System (NTHS) Expressways begin or pass through in Qingdao.[50] Expressways that begin in Qingdao are in Bold:

Spur Route: G2011 Qingxin Expressway (Qingdao-Xinhe, Pingdu, Shandong)

These provincial expressways begin in or pass through Qingdao. Expressways that begin in Qingdao are in Bold:

Other than Expressways, there are also National Highways that pass through or begin in Qingdao. National Highways that begin in Qingdao are in bold:

On 30 June 2011, the longest bridge over water opened in Qingdao. The bridge,

Jiaozhou Bay Tunnel
opened. The tunnel brought much convenience to people by supporting public buses and making transport between the two areas more convenient.

Marine

See also:
Port of Qingdao

Qingdao (official name: Qingdao port international co. ltd.) hosts one of the world's busiest

seaports. Cooperative relations have been established with 450 ports in 130 countries worldwide. The port of Qingdao is part of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road.[52][53] In 2003, the annual cargo handling capacity exceeded 100 million tons for the first time. The number of containers reached 3.41 million twenty-foot equivalent units (TEU) of cargoes.[54]

By 2011, the port had become the world's sixth-busiest by Total Cargo Volume, having handled 372,000,000 metric tons (366,000,000 long tons; 410,000,000 short tons) of cargo in that year. As of 2016, it was the 8th in the world in terms of TEUs (Twenty Foot Equivalent Units).[55]

The Orient Ferry connects Qingdao with

South Korea. The New Golden Bridge II operates between Qingdao and Incheon, and the Blue Sea Ferry operates between Qingdao and Gunsan.[56]

Qingdao port also includes a number of large adjacent ports including Dongjiakou.[57]

Aviation

city center, is served by 13 domestic and international airlines that operate 94 routes, 12 of which are international and regional. The airport opened on August 12, 2021, as a replacement for Qingdao Liuting International Airport.[58]

Intercity rail

Qingdao railway station

Qingdao's railway development picked up during the late 1990s. It is at the start of the Jinan–Qingdao high-speed railway, the Qingdao–Jinan passenger railway and the original Qingdao–Jinan railway. Qingdao's city proper has some major railway stations, including Qingdao railway station, Cangkou railway station, Dagang railway station and Qingdao North railway station.[59] Sifang railway station is now closed to passengers.[60]

D and G series high-speed trains travel on the Jinan–Qingdao high-speed railway and reach speeds of 300 km/h (190 mph) on the Jinan-Qingdao Section.[61] Services go to Beijing, Shanghai, Hefei, Jinan and Tianjin.[62] The fastest train between Qingdao and Beijing is G206 / G205, which takes 2 hours and 58 minutes.[63]

Domestic rail lines connect Qingdao with many cities in China, including

Jining
.

Public transport

A Qingdao bus

Qingdao's public traffic owns 5283 large and medium-sized buses,

IC Card (青岛卡
), which uses radio frequencies so the card does not have to physically touch the scanner. After that, all public transportation companies use Qingdaotong Card, the last company that started to use this card is the Zhenqing bus company located in The West Coast New Area of Qingdao (original Huangdao Distinct) in 2019.

Non air-conditioned buses cost 1 yuan (excluding the tunnel bus), The volume of road passenger transport approaches 737 million per year.[64] The Public Transport Brand of 'Ri-Xin Bus (日新巴士)' is also known in China.

There are several taxi companies in Qingdao including Yiqing Company, Zhongqing Company, Jiaoyun Company, and, Huaqing Company.

Metro[65]

Main article: Qingdao Metro
Platform of Qingdao Metro

After getting the approval from the State Council, the government announced on 18 August 2009 that Qingdao is ready to spend more than 29 billion yuan ($4.2 billion) before 2016 on its subway construction. Construction of 54.7 km (34.0 mi) of subway line 3 was completed before 2016 with a total investment of 29.2 billion yuan ($4.3 billion). Metro Line 3 is the first line in function and opened on 16 December 2015. In the long term, the city plans to build eight subway lines in downtown and some suburban districts, which account for 231.5 km (143.8 mi) in future.[66] The system has an operating length of 243 km (151 mi), lines in operation including Line 1, Line 2, Line 3, Line 4, Line 8, Line 11, and Line 13.[65]

As of February 24, 2023, according to the approved network plan of Qingdao City, there are 19 long-term plans for Qingdao Metro, with a total length of 872 kilometers; The third phase construction plan has been approved, with a total of 13 lines and a total length of 503 kilometers, ranking ninth in the national approved mileage level; Seven lines have been opened and operated, including Lines 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 11, and 13, with an operating mileage of 315 kilometers. As of March 2023, there are 146 operating stations, ranking tenth in China and second in northern cities; There are 10 lines under construction (including extension lines), including the West Extension and Phase II of Line 2, Line 5, Phase I and Phase II of Line 6, Phase II of Line 7, South Section and Branch of Line 8, Phase I of Line 9, and Phase I of Line 15. The total length under construction is 188 kilometers, and it is expected to be fully completed by 2028.

If you need information about Qingdao Metro, you can open the website of Qingdao Metro to help you.

Tramway

Main article: Qingdao Tram
The Qingdao Tram system is operating in Chengyang District

The Qingdao Tram (official name: Modern tram demonstration line) of Chengyang District, Qingdao, is a tram system operating in Chengyang District, Qingdao, China. It opened in 2016. The Qingdao Public Transport Group Rail Bus Co., Ltd. is responsible for operation and management. The system is only composed of 1 tram line.

Culture

Architecture

Qingdao retains many buildings with a German architectural style

There are a large number of German-style buildings in Qingdao's

Shinan District
) still retains many traditional buildings.

St. Michael's Cathedral
Skyscrapers in Qingdao

Notable people

Movies shot in Qingdao

Language

During the city's leased-territory days, German, the official language, was rigorously taught and promoted. Since the demise of Germany's colonial empire after World War I, the German language is all but gone, leaving little impact on the local languages. A local accent known as Qingdao dialect (Chinese: 青岛话; pinyin: Qīngdǎo huà) distinguishes the residents of the city from those of the surrounding Shandong province. Due to the efforts by the city government to promote standard Mandarin, most educated people can speak standard Mandarin in addition to their native dialect. With reform policies and English teaching, some young citizens have been taught English and many can converse with English-speaking foreigners. Business and traffic signs in English are becoming more and more common.

Festivals

Notable festivals include:

  • Qingdao International Horticultural Exposition 2014
    is the biggest international fair that has been held in the history of the city.
  • Qingdao International Beer Festival in August/September, held annually since 1991.

Media

Qingdao previously had a large German community and a German garrison, so three German newspapers operated in Qingdao.

Kiautschou (Jiaozhou) Bay concession). German publishing in Qingdao ended after World War I and the beginning of the Japanese administration.[68]

A 1912 publication of the

Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce said that the Tageblatt für Nordchina of Tianjin was read in Qingdao and that major newspapers from Shanghai were also read in Qingdao.[69]

Bandao Broadcasting Media Corporation, a news and broadcasting agency was founded in 1999.[70]

Tourism

Qingdao attracts many tourists due to its seaside setting and temperate weather. Parks, beaches, sculptures, and unique German and modern architecture line the shore. Its centrally located tourist information center, the "Qingdao Information Center for International Visitors for International Visitors," is located on Middle Hong Kong Road (香港中路).

Qingdao's major attractions include:

Western Shinan district

  • Zhan Qiao
    (Pier, 栈桥)
  • Little Qingdao Isle (小青岛)
  • Tian Hou Temple (天后宫), Qingdao Folk Museum
  • Badaguan (八大关; 'Eight Great Passes'), the older area of town with some surviving German and Japanese architecture.
  • Lu Xun Park, named after Lu Xun, modern Chinese writer and critic, who lived and taught in the 1930s.
  • Zhongshan Park, named after the style name 'Zhongshan' of Sun Yat-sen, a famous modern Chinese politician.
  • Xiao Yu Shan
    (小鱼山; 'Little Fish Hill')
  • The twin-spired
    Neo-romanesque
    architecture, designed by German architect Alfred Fräbel, completed in 1934.
  • Qingdao Aquarium (青岛水族馆)
  • Jiaozhou Governor's Hall
    (提督府), the office building of former German governors (Gouverneurspalast) and former municipal government
  • Xinhao Hill (信号山)
Photographs of Historic Eurasian Area
  • Hua Shi Lou in the Eight Great Passes
    Hua Shi Lou in the Eight Great Passes
  • Former site of the headquarters of the German Administration
    Former site of the headquarters of the German Administration
  • The Protestant Church (Evangelische Kirche) (基督教堂)
    The Protestant Church (Evangelische Kirche) (基督教堂)
  • The pier on the seafront
    The pier on the seafront
  • A view of Qingdao
    A view of Qingdao

Eastern Shinan district

Laoshan district

  • Lao Shan (Mount Lao, Lauschan, 崂山), 40 km (25 mi) east of Qingdao, the most famous Taoist mountain with Taoist retreat – Great Purity Palace (太清宫)
  • National Shilaoren Tourist Resort (石老人国家旅游度假区), the famous bathing beach symbolized by a characteristic natural sea rock with a shape like an old man
  • Xiaomaidao Park (小麦岛公园), the park with hills, a beach, and a nice view of the coastal line

Education

Higher education

Old Main Building of Qingdao University of Science and Technology

Qingdao is home to a large number of

Qingdao Technological University
have also been integral parts of higher education in Qingdao for decades. Shandong University Qingdao (SDUQ) was established in 2016, belonging to Shandong University System. Other institutions include:

Jimo
.

International schools

Secondary schools

Sports

Stadiums

2008 Olympic Summer Games

During the 2008 Summer Olympics, Qingdao and Beijing cohosted the Olympic Sailing competitions.[73] In Qingdao, the events took place along the shoreline by the city. These events were hosted at the Qingdao International Sailing Centre and held in Fushan Bay, near the city's central business district. An international broadcasting center and purpose-built hotel were constructed for the Games.

Motorsport

The IndyCar Series signed a contract with the Qingdao city council to hold an IndyCar race in Qingdao in 2012. The subsequently canceled race was supposed to take place on a 6.23 km (3.87 mi) street circuit.[74][75]

Sister cities

Qingdao has 36 sister cities.[76]

City Country Year of Agreement
Acapulco  Mexico 1985
Adelaide[77]  Australia 2014
Bilbao  Spain 2004
Daegu  South Korea 1993
Faisalabad  Pakistan 2021[78]
Galway  Ireland 1999
Iloilo City  Philippines 2003
Klaipėda  Lithuania 2004
Long Beach
  United States 1985
Makassar  Indonesia N/A
Mannheim  Germany 2016
Miami  United States 2005
Montevideo  Uruguay 2004
Nantes  France 2005
Nes Ziyyona
  Israel 1997
North Shore City  New Zealand 2008
Odesa  Ukraine 1993
Paderborn  Germany 2003
Perm  Russia 2003
Puerto Montt  Chile 1999
Regensburg  Germany 2009
Richmond  Canada 2008
Saint Petersburg  Russia 2006
Shimonoseki  Japan 1979
Southampton  United Kingdom 1998
Velsen  Netherlands 1998
Vila Velha  Brazil 2009
Wilhelmshaven  Germany 1992
Yerevan  Armenia 2023

See also

Notes

  1. also spelled Tsingtao; Chinese: 青岛; pinyin: Qīngdǎo, Mandarin: [tɕʰíŋtàʊ] ⓘ
  1. ^ See East Asia Squadron, Battle of Coronel and Battle of the Falkland Islands for fleet engagements.

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Sources

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Qingdao.
Look up Qingdao, Tsingtao, or Ch'ing-tao in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Qingdao.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Qingdao&oldid=1218718494"