Tubulinea

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Tubulinea
Amoeba proteus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Phylum: Amoebozoa
Subphylum: Lobosa
Class: Tubulinea
Smirnov et al. 2005
Subclasses & Orders

The Tubulinea are a major grouping of Amoebozoa, including most of the more familiar amoebae genera like Amoeba, Arcella, Difflugia and Hartmannella.

Characteristics

During locomotion most Tubulinea have a roughly cylindrical form or produce numerous cylindrical pseudopods. Each cylinder advances by a single central stream of cytoplasm, granular in appearance, and has no subpseudopodia. This distinguishes them from other amoeboid groups, although in some members this is not the normal type of locomotion.

Classification

This class was anticipated by some biologists such as Jahn, who grouped all amoebae with granular pseudopodia together,[1] but most split the lobose amoebae into testate Testacealobosia and naked Gymnamoebia. These latter are polyphyletic, but molecular trees by Bolivar et al.[2] identified a core monophyletic subgroup. Subsequent studies showed the testate lobose amoebae belong to the same group, which was thus renamed Lobosea sensu stricto[3] or Tubulinea.[4]

Taxonomy

The class Tubulinea, as of 2022, is classified into three major groups:

Euamoebida.[5][6][7][8]

  • Corycidia Kang et al. 2017
    • Family
      Microcoryciidae
      de Saedeleer 1934
    • Order
      Trichosida
      Moebius 1889
      • Family
        Trichosphaeriidae
        Sheehan & Banner 1973
  • Order
    Echinamoebida
    Cavalier-Smith 2004 em. 2011
    • Family
      Vermamoebidae
      Cavalier-Smith & Smirnov 2011
    • Family Echinamoebidae Page 1975
  • Elardia Kang et al. 2017
    • Order Leptomyxida Pussard & Pons 1976 em. Page 1987
      • Family
        Flabellulidae
        Bovee & Jahn, 1967 ex Bovee 1970
      • Family
        Gephyramoebidae
        Pussard & Pons 1976
      • Family
        Leptomyxidae
        Goodey 1915
      • Family
        Rhizamoebidae
        Smirnov et al. 2016
    • Superorder
      Eulobosia
      Cavalier-Smith 2016
      • Order
        Euamoebida
        Lepşi 1960 em. Cavalier-Smith 2016
        • Family
          Nolandellidae
          Cavalier-Smith 2011
        • Family Hartmannellidae Singh 1951 em. Smirnov et al. 2011
        • Family Amoebidae (Ehrenberg 1838) Page 1987
      • Order Arcellinida Kent 1880
        • Suborder
          Phryganellina
          Bovee 1985
        • Suborder Organoconcha Kosakyan et al. 2016
          • Family
            Microchlamyiidae
            Ogden 1985
        • Suborder Glutinoconcha Kosakyan et al. 2016
          • Infraorder Volnustoma Kosakyan et al. 2016
            • Family
              Heleoperidae
              Jung 1942
          • Infraorder
            Hyalospheniformes
            Lahr et al. 2019
            • Family Hyalospheniidae Schultze 1877 emend. Kosakyan & Lara 2012 [Nebelidae Taranek 1882]
          • Infraorder Excentrostoma Lahr et al. 2019
            • Family
              Plagiopyxidae
              ]
          • Infraorder Cylindrothecina González-Miguéns, Todorov, Blandenier, Porfirio-Sousa, Ribeiro, Ramos, Lahr & Lara 2022
            • Family Cylindrifflugiidae González-Miguéns, Todorov, Blandenier, Porfirio-Sousa, Ribeiro, Ramos, Lahr & Lara 2022
          • Infraorder Longithecina Kosakyan et al. 2016
            • Family
              Lesquereusiidae
              [Paraquadrulidae Deflandre 1953]
            • Family
              Difflugiidae
              Wallich 1864
          • Infraorder Sphaerothecina Kosakyan et al. 2016
            • Family Netzeliidae Kosakyan et al. 2016 [Cyclopyxidae Schönborn 1989]
            • Family
              Arcellidae
              Ehrenberg 1832

References