Tui Manu'a
This article needs additional citations for verification. (August 2021) |
Tui Manuʻa Confederacy | |
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i-Kiribati Tahitian Pukapukan | |
Religion | Samoan mythology |
Government | Monarchy |
Tu'i Manu'a | |
Historical era | Pre-Tagaloa |
Today part of | Samoa Fiji American Samoa Niue Wallis and Futuna Tuvalu Tokelau Cook Islands Kiribati Rotuma French Polynesia |
The title Tui Manuʻa was the title of the ruler or paramount chief of the Manuʻa Islands in present-day American Samoa.
The Tuʻi Manuʻa Confederacy, or Samoan Empire, are descriptions sometimes given to Samoan expansionism and projected hegemony in Oceania which began with the founding of the Tui Manu'a Title, Traditional oral literature of Samoa and Manu'a talks of a widespread Polynesian network or confederacy (or "empire").[1][2][3]
History
The Tui Manu'a is the oldest title of Ancient Samoa. Tui Manu’a conquered nearby islands such as Fiji, Cook Island, Tuvalu, and Tonga. According to Samoan and Tongan oral histories, the first Tui Manu'a was a direct descendant of the Samoan supreme god,
The Tui Manu'a Confederacy
Traditional
Decline and Isolation
Eventually, the maritime empire began to decline and a new empire rose from the South.[5] In 950 AD, the first Tu'i Tonga 'Aho'eitu started to expand his rule outside of Tonga. Samoa's Savaii, Upolu and Tutuila islands were to eventually succumb to Tongan rule, and would remain part of the empire for almost 400 years. However, as the ancestral homeland of the Tu'i Tonga dynasty and the abode of deities such as Tagaloa 'Eitumatupu'a, Tonga Fusifonua, and Tavatavaimanuka, the Manu'a islands of Samoa were considered sacred by the early Tongan kings and thus were never occupied by the Tongans, allowing for it to remain under Tui Manu'a rule.[6]
By the time of the tenth Tu’i Tonga Momo, and his successor, Tuʻitātui, the Tu'i Tonga's empire had grown to include much of the former domains of the Tui Fiti and Tui Manu'a. The expulsion of the Tongans in the 13th century from neighbouring Upolu and Savaii would not lead to the islands returning to Tui Manu'a but to the rise of a new dominant polity in the western isles: the Malietoa, whose feats in liberating Samoa from the Tongan occupants led to the establishment of a new political order in Upolu and Savaii which remained unchallenged for nearly 300 years. Although the Tui Manu'a would never again regain rulership of the surrounding islands, it is permanently held in high esteem as the progenitor of the great Samoan and Tongan lineages.[7]
Colonization and the "Abolition" of the Tui Manu'a title
The Manu'a islands were grouped with
After a fifteen-year break, the office was revived in 1924 when
The descendants of Tui Manu'a are numerous.
List of Tui Manuʻa
- Satiailemoa
- Tele (brother of Satiailemoa)
- Maui Tagote
- Maugaotele
- Folasa or Taeotagaloa
- Faʻaeanuʻu I or Faʻatutupunuʻu
- Saoʻioʻiomanu (Saʻo or eldest son of Faʻaeanuʻu I)
- Saopuʻu (second son of Faʻaeanuʻu I)
- Saoloa (third son of Faʻaeanuʻu I)
- Tuʻufesoa (fourth son of Faʻaeanuʻu I)
- Letupua (fifth son of Faʻaeanuʻu I)
- Saofolau (sixth son of Faʻaeanuʻu I)
- Saoluaga
- Lelologatele (eldest son of Saofolau)
- Aliʻimatua (eldest son of Lelologatele)
- Aliʻitama (second son of Lelologatele)
- Tui Oligo (grandson or son of Aliʻitama's daughter)
- Faʻaeanuʻu II (eldest son of Tui Oligo)
- Puipuipo (second son of Tui Oligo)
- Siliʻaivao (third son of Tui Oligo)
- Tuimanufili (daughter of Faʻaeanuʻu II)
- Faʻatoʻalia Manu-o-le-faletolu (eldest son of Tuimanufili)
- Segisegi (son of Faʻatoʻalia)
- Siliave (daughter of Faʻatoʻalia)
- Tui-o-Pomelea (son of Siliave)
- Tui-o-Lite (or Tui Aitu) (son of Tui-o-Pomelea)
- Toʻalepai (son of Tui-o-Lite)
- Seuea (daughter of Toʻalepai)
- Salofi (brother of Seuea)
- Levaomana (son of Salofi)
- Taliutafapule (son of Salofi and brother of Levaomana)
- Taʻalolomana Muaatoa
- Tupalo
- Seiuli
- Uʻuolelaoa (killed in a war with Fitiuta)
- Fagaese
- Tauveve
- Visala
- Alalamua
- Matelita or Makelita(1872–1895), r. 1891–1895
- Elisala or Elisara (died 1909), r. 1899–1909[9]
- Chris (Kilisi) Taliutafa Young (1924)[10]
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See also
- Fa'amatai, chieflty system of Samoa.
- Malietoa
- Mata'afa
- Tu'imaleali'ifano
- Tupua Tamasese
References
- ^ ISBN 9780824820398.
- ^ a b E. E. V. Collocott. "Journal of the Polynesian Society: An Experiment In Tongan History, By E. E. V. Collocott, P 166-184". jps.auckland.ac.nz.
- ^ a b Teiufaifeau Brown. "Unit 27 Samoas Political History" (PDF). pacificschoolserver.org.
- ^ "Tupou 2". Samoa History. 2012-12-27. Retrieved 2020-11-19.
- OCLC 1050113841.
- . Retrieved 2021-10-30.
- OCLC 836910717.
- ISBN 9780803251984.
- ^ Ben, Cahoon, ed. (2000). "American Samoa". WorldStatesman.org. Retrieved July 14, 2013.
- ^ Isaia 1999, pp. 257–258.
Bibliography
- Isaia, Malopaʻupo (1999). Coming of Age in American Anthropology: Margaret Mead and Paradise. Boca Raton, Florida: Universal-Publishers. ISBN 978-1-58112-845-1.
- McMullin, Dan Taulapapa. 2005. "The Passive Resistance of Samoans to US and Other Colonialisms", article in "Sovereignty Matters" [1], University of Nebraska Press.
- Office of the Governor. 2004. Manu'a ma Amerika. A brief historical documentary. Manu'a Centennial. 16 July 1904. 16 July 2004. Office of the Governor, American Samoa Government. 20 p.
- Samoa News [2]
- Linnekin, Hunt, Lang & McCormick (University of Hawaii Pacific Islands Cooperative Botanic Studies Institute)[3]