Tulu people
Malayali[3] |
Person | Tuḷuva |
---|---|
People | Tuḷuvarŭ |
Language | Tuḷu |
Country | Tuḷu Nāḍŭ |
The Tulu people or Tuluvas are an ethno-linguistic and ethno-cultural group from
Etymology
According to
Mythology
According to mythology,
People and identity
Tulu speakers are divided into various castes. The major Tulu speaking castes are, Bunt, Billava, Shettigars, Tulu Gowdas, Devadiga, Kulalas, Koraga, Mogaveera, Tulu Brahmins, Vishwakarmas, Naiks. Mangalorean Protestants are also Tulu speakers.[9] A Tulu woman is called Tuluvedi.[citation needed]
Culture
Tuluvas follow a
Tuluva New Year is called
Buta Kola
Bhuta-aradhana (lit. 'spirit worship' or 'soul worship'; a bhuta or bhoota is a supernatural creature, or spiritual entity, especially of ancestors)[20] in Tulu Nadu is similar to the rest of South India, though the bhutas and forms of worship differ. The kola or nema is the yearly ceremony celebrating the festival of bhutas. They have attained a godly status among some worshippers, mainly non-Brahmins, and even have their own bhuta-sthanas (a place of abode similar to temples). However, in many villages the Brahmins, who consider these spirits as their protectorates, conduct the yearly ceremonies.
Bhuta, who may be considered local deities, can be animistic as in Panjurli (boar) or Pili-bhuta (tiger). A second variety can be representatives of characters taken out of the Puranas like Bermer (Brahma), Lekkesiri (Raktesvari, Kali) or Vishnumurti. A third category is deified human beings like Gulige, Annappe, and Koti-Chananye. The fourth kind is strictly local characters like Male-Chandi (from the male-Nadu), Ullaldi (from Ullal), and Malaraye (from the Ghats). Then there are bhutas that provide comical relief during nemas, namely Marlu-Jumadi (crazy Jumadi) or Potte (mute–deaf demigod). Newer bhutas also have been added, like Posa-bhuta (new demigod), Vokku-Ballala, and Muttappe.
Demand for a Tulu Nadu state
From India's independence and following the reorganization of states, the Tuluvas have been demanding national language status for Tulu[22] and a separate state for themselves called Tulu Nadu ('land of Tuluvas'), based on their language and distinct culture. Though somewhat subdued for a while, this demand has grown stronger in recent years. Several organizations like the Tulu Rajya Horata Samiti have taken up the cause of the Tuluvas, and frequent meetings and demonstrations are held across towns in Tulunadu (such as Mangalore and Udupi) to voice their demands.[23][broken footnote][24][25]
Prominent Tuluvas
See also
References
- ^ a b "ABSTRACT OF SPEAKERS' STRENGTH OF LANGUAGES AND MOTHER TONGUES - 2011" (PDF). censusindia.gov.in. Indian Census 2011, Government of India. Retrieved 7 July 2018.
- ^ "Population by religion community – 2011". Census of India, 2011. The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Archived from the original on 25 August 2015.
- ^ a b J. Sturrock (1894). Madras District Manuals - South Canara (Volume-I). Madras Government Press.
- ^ "Tulu". ethnologue.com.
- ^ "Tulu Nadu, Kasaragod, Kerala, India". Kerala Tourism. Retrieved 12 June 2017.
- ^ S.C. Bhatt, Gopal K. Bhargava (2006) "Land and People of Indian States and Union Territories: Volume 14.", p. 18
- ^ Aiya VN (1906). The Travancore State Manual. Travancore Government Press. pp. 210–12. Retrieved 12 November 2007.
- ISBN 978-8120601451.
- ISBN 9781589016743.
- ^ Yogitha Shetty. "Ritualistic World of Tuluva: A Study of Tuluva Women and Siri possession cult". Retrieved 12 December 2010.
- ^ Toshie, Awaya (21 January 1989). "CiNii - Transformation of the Marumakkathayam System in Malabar: The Malabar Marriage Act, 1896 and the Nayar Tarawads". Eastern Studies. 77. ci.nii.ac.jp: 101–127, 10. Retrieved 9 March 2008.
- ^ Page 35-39 Kandamathu Kudumba Sangamam Published by K. K. N., Neyyattinkara, S. India 1995
- ^ Jeffrey in the Decline of Nayar Dominance in Travancore, See notes under C V Raman Pillai
- ^ "Nagapanchami Naadige Doodadu". Mangalorean.com. 18 August 2007. Retrieved 28 January 2008.
- ^ "Connecting with nature". Deccan Herald. 17 May 2010. Retrieved 20 May 2017.
- ^ "'Devakoothu'; the lone woman Theyyam in North Malabar". Mathrubhumi.
- ^ "Devakoothu: This year, Devakoothu gets a new face | Kozhikode News - Times of India". The Times of India. 23 December 2012.
- ^ "Star of Mysore". 14 April 2017. Retrieved 26 July 2017.
- ^ Peter J. Claus, "Variability in Tulu Padannas". Retrieved 2011-03-09.
- ^ "Bhuta Aradhana". Encyclopedia of Intangible Cultural Heritage. Asia InCH; Craft Revival Trust.
Invocation of the bhuta spirits that involves, in addition to daily worship, a periodic propitiation in the form of possession rituals
- ^ Neria H. Hebbar. "Tulu Nadu: The Land and its People".
- ^ "Demand in RS for official status to Tulu, Kodava languages". Daily News and Analysis.
- ^ Tulu Rajya Horata Samithi has urged that the region comprising Tulu speaking people should be given the status of a separate state."News headlines". daijiworld.com.
- ^ "Now the time has come for all Tulu natives to pressurize the union government with the demand for a separate Tulunadu state", said renowned Tulu litterateur and Yakshagana artiste Kudyady Vishwanath Rai."Beltangady: Litterateur Kudyady Vishwanath Rai Voices Need for Tulunadu State". daijiworld.com.
- ^ "Vedike demands separate Tulunadu State". The Hindu. November 2016.
Further reading
- S. Muhammad Hussain Nainar (1942), Tuhfat-al-Mujahidin: An Historical Work in The Arabic Language, University of Madras, ISBN 9789839154801
- J. Sturrock (1894), Madras District Manuals - South Canara (Volume-I), Madras Government Press
- Harold A. Stuart (1895), Madras District Manuals - South Canara (Volume-II), Madras Government Press
- Government of Madras (1905), Madras District Gazetteers: Statistical Appendix for South Canara District, Madras Government Press
- Government of Madras (1915), Madras District Gazetteers South Canara (Volume-II), Madras Government Press
- Government of Madras (1953), 1951 Census Handbook- South Canara District (PDF), Madras Government Press
- J. I. Arputhanathan (1955), South Kanara, The Nilgiris, Malabar and Coimbatore Districts (Village-wise Mother-tongue Data for Bilingual or Multilingual Taluks) (PDF), Madras Government Press
- Rajabhushanam, D. S. (1963), Statistical Atlas of the Madras State (1951) (PDF), Madras (Chennai): Director of Statistics, Government of Madras
External links
- Media related to Tulu people at Wikimedia Commons