Tun Habib Abdul Majid

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Dato' Bendahara Seri Maharaja Tun Habib Abdul Majid (1637

Riau-Lingga, Johor, Pahang and Terengganu.[6]

Bendahara of Johor

Power struggles

Little was known of Tun Habib's early life except that he was the son of the Maharaja Sri Diraja of Johor,[7] and that he was jostling for power and recognition with his rival, Laksamana Tun Abdul Jamil during the reign of Sultan Abdul Jalil Shah III.[8]

In 1677, Sultan Ibrahim Shah appointed Tun Habib as the Bendahara of Johor and was assumed the title of "Bendahara Seri Maharaja" the following year.

Sultan Mahmud Shah II back to Johor.[12]

Later career

The death of Tun Abdul Jamil allowed Tun Habib to reassert his position as the Bendahara once more. Tun Habib's return saw the position of the Bendahara in a more powerful position, given that the ruler was deemed too young and inexperienced to exert effective control over Johor's affairs. At least on the ceremonial side, Tun Habib swore allegiance to the young Sultan even as he wielded sole effective authority over the kingdom. In April 1691, a Dutch mercenary fleet visited Johor to seek for trade agreements with Tun Habib, to which he steadfastly turned down by citing that he was not to sign any agreements on his own accord until the Sultan reaches maturity of age.[13]

Tun Habib was also reportedly well-loved and respected among his subjects and often worked closely with his ministers (Orang Kaya). Shortly after he regained power, Tun Habib relocated the Johor Empire's capital to Kota Tinggi.[10] He also took charge of state affairs by proxy in Terengganu, at that time a sparsely populated state.[14] Sultan Mahmud was given more opportunities to participate in state roles under Tun Habib, although it was the latter who wielded the actual control over the Sultanate's affairs.[15] Tun Habib later died in Padang Saujana, Kota Tinggi in 1697, where he was buried.[16] His oldest son, Abdul Jalil, succeeded him as the 20th Bendahara of Johor but usurped the throne from Sultan Mahmud Shah II just two years later in 1699 and took the title Sultan Abdul Jalil IV.[12] His 5th son, Zainal Abidin, who was living in Pattani, came down to Terengganu and became its first Sultan.[17]

Family

Ancestry

Tun Habib's mother was of

Sultan Mahmud Shah II.[20]

The name "Habib" was a local Acehnese variant of the "Sayyid", an honorific title used by descendants of the Prophet Muhammad. However, in lieu of terse relations between Aceh with its neighbours in the 16th century, Tun Habib's name revealed his Acehnese heritage served to raise suspicions when it came to political matters. His descendants gave up the use of "Habib" in their names.[21]

Descendants

Tun Habib had several sons by different wives, all of whom rose to influential positions. He had at least six sons: Tun (Habib) Abdul Jalil, Tun Abdullah, Tun Abdul Jamal, Tun Mas Anum, Tun Zainal Abidin and Tun Mas Jiwa were all later appointed as Bendaharas. Among these sons, Tun Abdul Jalil and Tun Zainal Abidin later established their own independent ruling houses in Johor-Riau and Terengganu respectively.[22]

  • House of Bendahara, established by
    Sultan Hussein Shah as the Sultan of Johor and Singapore, while giving Tengku Abdul Rahman the title "Ruler of Singapore.[23] The royal regalia was given to the Lingga-based Tengku Abdul Rahman who was supported by the Bugis nobles and Bendahara Ali of Pahang.[24] The Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824[25] had the effect of splitting the royal household into two factions:[26][27][28]
  • House of Temenggong (Johor), established by Temenggong Tun Daeng Ibrahim, a descendant of Sultan Abdul Jalil Riayat Shah IV by his non-royal son Tun Abbas through a female. The present Sultan of Johor belongs to this royal house.[31]
  • House of Bendahara (Pahang):
    Parameswara) also ruled Pahang, but later died out.[31]
  • The current
    Sultan of Terengganu is a descendant of Sultan Zainal Abidin I, the 5th and youngest son of Tun Habib.[20]

See also

  • Ali al-Uraidhi ibn Ja'far al-Sadiq

Notes

  1. ^ Deraman, Aziz, Peradaban Melayu Timur Laut, pg 1288
  2. ^ Ibrahim, Negeri Yang Sembilan: Daerah Kecil Pesaka Adat Warisan Kerajaan Berdaulat (1995), pg 137
  3. ^ Ali, Wan Ramli Wan Mohamad, Pengakuan Tengku Ali: mengapa saya diturunkan dari takhta Terengganu?, pg 3
  4. ^ Winstedt, A History of Malaya (1935), pg 147
  5. ^ Suwannathat-Pian, Thai-Malay Relations: Traditional Intra-regional Relations from the Seventeenth to the Early Twentieth Centuries, pg 39
  6. ^ Abdul Jalal, Noor Rahim, Isa, Peterana Kasih: Antologi Puisi, pg 12
  7. ^ Winstedt, A History of Johore, pg 195
  8. ^ Reid, Anthony, Southeast Asia in the Early Modern Era: Trade, Power, and Belief, pg 138
  9. ^ Institut Tadbiran Awam Negara, Malaysia Kita, pg 344
  10. ^
    Turnbull, Constance Mary
    , A Short History of Malaysia, Singapore, and Brunei, pg 66
  11. ^ Bastin, Winks, Malaysia: Selected Historical Readings, pg 76
  12. ^ a b Pusat Penelitian Arkeologi Nasional (Indonesia), Pertemuan Ilmiah Arkeologi IV, Cipanas 3-9 Maret 1986, pg 283
  13. ^ Reid, Castles, Pre-colonial State Systems in Southeast Asia: The Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Bali-Lombok, South Celebes, pg 5
  14. ^ Goneng, Growing Up in Trengganu, pg 138-9
  15. ^ Andaya, The Kingdom of Johor, 1641-1728: A Study of Economic and Political Developments in the Straits of Malacca, pg 198
  16. ^ Ali, Hooker, Andaya, The Precious Gift: Tuhfat Al-nafis, pg 314
  17. ^ Information Malaysia (1990), pg 714
  18. ^ "Jenal" is also spelled variously as "Jinal" or "Jinak". Winstedt, A History of Johore, pg 189, 194
  19. ^ (Tun) Suzana (Tun) Othman, Institusi Bendahara; Permata Melayu yang hilang: Dinasti Bendahara Johor-Pahang, pg 181
  20. ^ a b Winstedt, A History of Johore, pg 59-60, 195
  21. ^ Winstedt, R.O., Bendaharas and Temenggungs, pg 51
  22. ^ (Tun) Suzana (Tun) Othman, Institusi Bendahara; Permata Melayu yang Hilang: Dinasti Bendahara Johor-Pahang, pg 41
  23. ^ Trocki, Singapore: Wealth, Power and the Culture of Control, pg 82
  24. ^ Trocki, Prince of Pirates: The Temenggongs and the Development of Johor and Singapore, 1784-1885, pg 97
  25. ^ Buckley, An Anecdotal History of Old Times in Singapore: From the foundation of the settlement under the Honourable the East India Company on February 6th, 1819, to the transfer to the Colonial Office as part of the colonial possessions of the Crown on April 1st, 1867 ...It is amusing to find the assertion that the Sultan of Lingga (who had, by means of the Dutch, taken away half of the territory of Johore from the authority of his elder brother) had been prejudiced by the treaty of 1824 which secured Rhio to him...
  26. ^ Winstedt, A History of Johore (1365–1941), pg 95
  27. ^ Original facsimile of the letter may be seen in Perang Bendehara Pahang 1857-1863, Menelusi Peranan British, (Tun) Suzana (Tun) Othman, page 222
  28. Sultan Abu Bakar of Johor
    .)
  29. ^ Kratoska, South East Asia, Colonial History, pg 247 In the south, Sultan Hussein of Johore had no authority among the Malay rulers, although one section of the European merchants of Singapore saw in him a useful tool for intrigue. The Sultan of Rhio was forbidden by the Dutch to interfere in the peninsula, and this political vacuum encouraged the bid for independence by the subordinate chiefs, the temenggong of Johore and the Bendahara of Pahang.
  30. ^ Reid, Anthony, An Indonesian Frontier: Acehnese and Other Histories of Sumatra, pg 252
  31. ^ a b c Trocki, Prince of Pirates: The Temenggongs and the Development of Johor and Singapore, 1784-1885, pg 22-3
  32. ^ Bastin, Winks, Malaysia: Selected Historical Readings, pg 132 Though in 1818 Major Farquhar had signed a treaty with the Underking of Riau by virtue of powers granted him by 'Abdu'r- Rahman Sultan of Johor, Pahang and dependencies, and though in his letter suggesting the Carimons (Karimun) for a port he had again referred to 'Abdu'r-Rahman as emperor, he now conveniently remembered that the potentate had deprecated being called ruler of the Johor empire and had declared that he was Sultan of Lingga only. So aware that under Dutch surveillance neither Sultan 'Abdu'r-Rahman of Lingga nor the Underking at Riau would be able to convey any rights at Singapore to the British,...
  33. ^ Jessy, History of South-East Asia, 1824-1965, pg 145
  34. ^ Trocki, Prince of Pirates: The Temenggongs and the Development of Johor and Singapore, 1784-1885, pg 97
  35. ^ Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society (1937), pg 210
  36. ^ Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society (1936) ...Mahmud Muzaffar Shah, deposed by the Dutch from the throne of Lingga, appeared in Pahang in 1858, claiming to be the lawful ruler of that State and of Johor, as his ancestors had been before his deposition.
  37. ^ Barnard, Contesting Malayness: Malay Identity Across Boundaries, pg 121 ...Reading historical sources, we are told that the Bugis in the nineteenth century associated very much with the colonial government and helped toget rid of the troublesome Malay Sultan Mahmud in 1857. .....Obviously there were tensions between them, most clearly reflected when the Malay Sultan Mahmud was deposed with the support of the Bugis in 1857.
  38. ^
    Temenggong Abu Bakar
    , applied to the sultan to confirm their titles.
  39. ^ Jessy, History of South-East Asia, 1824-1965, pg 61, "...to Sultan Mahmud Muzaffar Shah of Riau-Lingga in the early 1860s, in spite of the latter's laying claim to the whole of the old Johore-Riau empire.
  40. ^ Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society (1936), pg 162

References

Further reading

  • (Tun) Suzana (Tun) Othman, Tun Habib Abdul Majid; Bendahara Johor, Putera Acheh dan Zuriyyah Rasulullah SAW, Persatuan Sejarah Malaysia Cawangan Johor, 2006,
    ISBN 983-3020-10-0
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tun_Habib_Abdul_Majid&oldid=1214821648"