Tunni Sultanate
Tunni Sultanate Saldanadda Tunni ( Arabic | |||||||
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Religion | Islam | ||||||
Government | Monarchy | ||||||
History | |||||||
• Established | 9th century | ||||||
• Disestablished | 13th century | ||||||
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The Tunni Sultanate (
History
Origin
The Tunni, composed of five sub-clans (Da'farad, Dakhtira, Goygali, Hajuwa, and Waridi), were the latest to drive the Jiddu into the interior, where they established their own Sultanate in Qoryoley. The Tunni made a treaty with the Jiddu so that Tunni settled on the west bank of the Shabelle, and the Jiddu settled on the east bank. Both also agreed to resist foreign penetration, to allow only Seddah Saamood (the three footprints, which are the Tuni, the Jiddu, and the wild beasts).[2] However, they did accept the first Muslim migrants, the Hatimi from Yemen and the Amawi from Syria, around the 10th century, for both religious and commercial reasons. Barawa, founded by a Tunni saint called Aw-Al, became the new capital of the Tunni Sultanate. The town prospered and became one of the major Islamic centers in the Horn, the Barawaani Ulama, attracting students from all over the region. Muslim scholars of that time, such as Ibn Sa'id, wrote about Barawa as "an Islamic island on the Somali coast." Al-Idrisi also described the construction of the coral houses and noted that Barawa was full of both domestic and foreign commodities.[1]
Eventually, the Tunni people abandoned the pastoral lifestyle. They established themselves largely as farmers on the rich arable land where they grew a variety of fruits and vegetables but they still continued to practice livestock grazing. They established a number of concentrated settlements on the interior, such as Buulo, Golweyn, Xaramka, Jilib, Jamaame, and their center,
Warday Treaty
The
Ajuran Takeover
By the mid-13th century, the Garen Kingdom, headquartered in Kelafo with an army under the great Somali king Abdalle Dayle conquered the Tunni Sultanate. It incorporated the state into the expanding Ajuran Sultanate. The Garen rulers claimed supremacy and religious legitimacy over other groups in the Horn of Africa.[6][7][8]
See also
References
- ^ .
- ^ Abbink, Jan (2009). "The Total Somali Clan Genealogy" (PDF). CORE (2nd ed.). Leiden, The Netherlands: African Studies Centre. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-03-16. Retrieved 2020-12-24.
- .
- .
- ^ "A Brief History of Baraawe Long Before the Year 800 A.D." Baraawe News. Retrieved 2024-01-23.
- ISBN 978-1-874209-98-0.
- ^ Cambrézy, Luc; Lassailly-Jacob, Véronique, eds. (2001). "Populations réfugiées: de l'exil au retour" (PDF). Retrieved 2024-01-23.
- – via escholarship.