Turco-Mongol tradition
The Turco-Mongol or Turko-Mongol tradition was an
The Turco-Mongols founded many Islamic successor states after the collapse of the Mongol khanates, such as the
These Turco-Mongol elites became patrons of the
Antecedents
Before the time of
]In the past, these similarities were attributed to a genetic relationship and led to the widespread acceptance of an
Language
Following the Mongol conquests, the ruling Mongol elites of the Mongol successor states began a process of assimilation with the non-Mongol populations that they ruled over. The population of the
Most of the Horde's population was Turkic:
In the Chagatai Khanate, the Turkic language that was adopted by the Mongol elites became known as the Chagatai language, a descendant of Karluk Turkic. The Chagatai language was the native language of the Timurid dynasty, a Turco-Mongol dynasty which gained power in Central Asia after the decline of the Chagatai khans. Chagatai is the predecessor of the modern Karluk branch of Turkic languages, which includes Uzbek and Uyghur.[15]
Religion
The Mongols during the period of the early Mongol conquests and the conquests of Genghis Khan largely followed Tengrism. However, the successor states of the Mongol Empire, the Ilkhanate, Golden Horde and Chagatai Khanate ruled over large Muslim populations. The Ilkhanate and Chagatai Khanate in particular ruled over Muslim majority populations in Iran and Central Asia, respectively.[citation needed]
In the Golden Horde,
In order to successfully expand Islam, the Mongols built a mosque and other "elaborate places" requiring baths—an important element of Muslim culture. Sarai attracted merchants from other countries. The slave trade flourished due to strengthening ties with the
In the Chagatai Khanate, Mubarak Shah converted to Islam and over time the Chagatai elite became entirely Islamized. The Chagatai Khanate was succeeded by the Timurid Empire in Central Asia, founded by the Turco-Mongol warrior Timur. According to John Joseph Saunders, Timur was "the product of an Islamized and Iranized society", and not steppe nomadic.[16] To legitimize his conquests, Timur relied on Islamic symbols and language, referred to himself as the "Sword of Islam", and patronized educational and religious institutions. He converted nearly all the Borjigin leaders to Islam during his lifetime. Timur decisively defeated the Christian Knights Hospitaller at the Siege of Smyrna, styling himself a ghazi.[17]
See also
References
- ISBN 978-0-521-34595-8.
- ^ "Timur". Encyclopædia Britannica (Online Academic ed.). 2007.
- ^ Beatrice F. Manz (2000). "Tīmūr Lang". Encyclopaedia of Islam. Vol. 10 (2nd ed.). Brill. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
- ^ "The Cambridge History of Egypt", Volume 1, (1998) P. 250
- ^ "Mamluk | Islamic dynasty". Encyclopædia Britannica. 30 November 2023.
- ^ "Egypt – The Mamluks, 1250–1517". countrystudies.us. Archived from the original on 8 April 2016. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
- ISBN 978-0-299-04844-0.
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- ISBN 9780748625727.
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- ^ ISBN 9789027205995. Archivedfrom the original on 26 July 2023. Retrieved 29 April 2017.
- ^ Nakashima, Y. (n.d.). 語彙借用に見るモンゴル語とチュルク語の言語接触: 特にカザフ語及びトゥヴァ語との比較を中心として(Rep.). Retrieved from https://ir.library.osaka-u.ac.jp/repo/ouka/all/51188/gk00068_論文.pdf Archived 5 February 2021 at the Wayback Machine
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- ^ "Encyclopædia Britannica". Archived from the original on 9 March 2020. Retrieved 17 September 2019.
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- ISBN 978-0-8122-1766-7. Archivedfrom the original on 26 July 2023. Retrieved 3 October 2020.
- ^ Marozzi, Justin (2004). Tamerlane: Sword of Islam, conqueror of the world. HarperCollins.[ISBN missing]