Turkish Cypriot diaspora
The Turkish Cypriot diaspora is a term used to refer to the
Population
Country | Council of Europe (1993 estimate)[1] |
TRNC Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2001 estimate)[2] |
TÜBİTAK (2016 estimate)[3] |
Other estimates | Further information |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Turkey | 300,000 (immigrants only) | 500,000 | 500,000 | 300,000 (1968 estimate)[4] Including descendants, exceeding 600,000 (2018 estimate)[5] |
see Turkish Cypriot muhacirs |
United Kingdom | 100,000 (immigrants only in England) | 200,000 | 300,000 | 300,000[6][7]-400,000[8][9] (including descendants) |
British Cypriots British Turks |
Australia | 30,000 (immigrants only) | 40,000 | 120,000 | 120,000[10] (including descendants) |
Turkish Australian
|
North America United States Canada |
N/A 6,000 (immigrants only) 6,000 (immigrants only) |
10,000 N/A N/A |
N/A 5,000 1,800 |
N/A 5,000[10] 1,800[10] |
Turkish American
Turkish Canadians |
Palestine | N/A | N/A | N/A | 4,000 (early twentieth century Turkish Cypriot brides only)[11][12] | |
Germany | N/A | N/A | 2,000 | 2,000[10] | Turks in Germany |
New Zealand | N/A | N/A | 1,600 | 1,600[10] | Turks in New Zealand
|
South Africa | N/A | N/A | "small community" | N/A[10] | Turks in South Africa |
Other | N/A | 5,000 | N/A | N/A |
Australia
Turkish Cypriot migration to
Turkey
The first wave of Turkish Cypriot immigration to
Economic motives played an important part as conditions for the poor in Cyprus during the 1920s were especially harsh. Enthusiasm to emigrate to Turkey was inflated by the euphoria that greeted the birth of the newly established Republic of Turkey and later of promises of assistance to Turks who emigrated. A decision made by the Turkish Government at the end of 1925, for instance, noted that the Turks of Cyprus had, according to the Treaty of Lausanne, the right to emigrate to the republic, and therefore, families that so emigrated would be given a house and sufficient land.[21] The precise number of those who emigrated to Turkey is a matter that remains unknown.[22]
The press in Turkey reported in mid-1927 that of those who had opted for Turkish nationality, 5,000–6,000 Turkish Cypriots had already settled in Turkey. However, many Turkish Cypriots had already emigrated even before the rights accorded to them under the Treaty of Lausanne had come into force.[23]
St. John-Jones estimated the demographic impact of Turkish Cypriot emigration to Turkey during the 1920s arguing that:
"[I]f the Turkish-Cypriot community had, like the Greek-Cypriots, increased by 101 per cent between 1881 and 1931, it would have totalled 91,300 in 1931 – 27,000 more than the number enumerated. Is it possible that so many Turkish-Cypriots emigrated in the fifty-year period? Taken together, the considerations just mentioned suggest that it probably was. From a base of 45,000 in 1881, emigration of anything like 27,000 persons seems huge, but after subtracting the known 5,000 of the 1920s, the balance represents an average annual outflow of some 500 – not enough, probably, to concern the community’s leaders, evoke official comment, or be documented in any way which survives today".[24]
Metin Heper and Bilge Criss have made a similar observation:
The first wave of immigration from Cyprus occurred in 1878 when the Ottomans were obliged to lease the island to Great Britain; at that time, 15,000 people moved to Anatolia. When the 1923 Lausanne Treaty gave the island to Great Britain another 30,000 immigrants came to Turkey.[20]
By August 31, 1955, a statement by Turkey's Minister of State and Acting Foreign Minister, Fatin Rüştü Zorlu, at the London Conference on Cyprus, stated that:
Consequently, today [1955] as well, when we take into account the state of the population in Cyprus, it is not sufficient to say, for instance, that 100,000 Turks live there. One should rather say that 100,000 out of 24,000,000 Turks live there and that 300,000 Turkish Cypriots live in various parts of Turkey.[25]
United Kingdom
Turkish Cypriot migration to the
The 1950s also saw the arrival of many Turkish Cypriots to the United Kingdom due to political reasons; many began to flee as a result of the EOKA terrorists and its aim of "enosis".[27] Once inter-ethnic fighting broke out in 1963, and some 25,000 Turkish Cypriots became internally displaced, accounting to about a fifth of their population.[31] The political and economic unrest in Cyprus, after 1964, sharply increased the number of Turkish Cypriot immigrants to the United Kingdom.[28] Many of these early migrants worked in the clothing industry in London, where both men and women could work together; many worked in the textile industry as sewing was a skill which the community had already acquired in Cyprus.[32] Turkish Cypriots were concentrated mainly in the north-east of London and specialised in the heavy-wear sector, such as coats and tailored garments.[33][34] This sector offered work opportunities where poor knowledge of the English language was not a problem and where self-employment was a possibility.[35]
Once the Turkish Cypriots declared their own state, the
A 2011 report published by the
United States
The
See also
- Turks in the United Kingdom
- Turkish American
- Cypriot American
- Turkish Australian
- Turkish Canadian
- Association of Turkish Cypriots Abroad (ATCA)
References
- ISBN 9789287125514,
The number of Turkish Cypriots now living in Turkey is about 300 000 while the number of those who have settled in England is 100 000. There are also approximately 30 000 Turkish Cypriots living in Australia and about 6 000 in Canada and the U.S.A.
- ^ "Briefing Notes on the Cyprus Issue". Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Defence, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. May 2001. Archived from the original on 9 July 2010. Retrieved 5 October 2010.
there are currently about 500,000 Turkish Cypriots living in Turkey; 200,000 in Great Britain; 40,000 in Australia and some 10,000 in North America and 5,000 in other countries.
- ^ Vahdettin, Levent; Aksoy, Seçil; Öz, Ulaş; Orhan, Kaan (2016), Three-dimensional cephalometric norms of Turkish Cypriots using CBCT images reconstructed from a volumetric rendering program in vivo, Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey,
Recent estimates suggest that there are now 500,000 Turkish Cypriots living in Turkey, 300,000 in the United Kingdom, 120,000 in Australia, 5000 in the United States, 2000 in Germany, 1800 in Canada, and 1600 in New Zealand with a smaller community in South Africa.
- ASIN B0006BWHUO(UK).
- Hurriyet Daily News. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
It is often said that if the descendants of those who migrated from Cyprus to Turkey back in 1931 are included, the number of Turkish Cypriots living in the "motherland" might exceed 600,000.
- ^ a b Home Affairs Committee (2011). "Implications for the Justice and Home Affairs area of the accession of Turkey to the European Union" (PDF). The Stationery Office. p. Ev 34.
- ^ BBC. "Network Radio BBC Week 39: Wednesday 28 September 2011: Turkish Delight?". Archived from the original on 2011-11-02. Retrieved 2011-09-14.
- ^ Laschet, Armin (17 September 2011). "İngiltere'deki Türkler". Hurriyet. Retrieved 2011-09-27.
- ^ Cemal, Akay (2 June 2011). "Dıştaki gençlerin askerlik sorunu çözülmedikçe…". Kıbrıs Gazetesi. Archived from the original on 2011-07-21. Retrieved 17 June 2011.
- ^ a b c d e f Star Kıbrıs (2012). "Sözünüzü Tutun". Retrieved 10 September 2012.
Tarihsel süreç içerisinde yaşanan bazı olaylar nedeniyle Kıbrıs'tan göç etmek zorunda kalan Türklerin, bugün dünyanın farklı bölgelerinde yaşam sürdüklerine dikkat çeken Kasapoğlu, "Kıbrıslı Türklerin 300 bin kadarı İngiltere'de, 500 bini Türkiye'de, 120 bini Avustralya'da, 5 bini ABD'de, bin 800'ü Kanada'da, çok az bir popülasyon Güney Afrika Cumhuriyeti'nde, bin 600'ü Yeni Zellanda'da, 2 bin kadarının da Almanya'da olduğu tahmin ediliyor" ifadelerini kullandı.
- ^ Cahit 2014, 11.
- ^ Sabah. "Küçük adanın talihsiz kızları". Retrieved 26 October 2015.
- ^ a b Hüssein 2007, 17
- ^ Cleland 2001, 24
- ^ a b c Hüssein 2007, 18
- ^ a b Hüssein 2007, 19
- ^ Country Studies. "The Greek Coup and the Turkish Invasion". Retrieved 2011-07-15.
- ^ Papadakis, Peristianis & Welz 2006, 94.
- ^ Istanbul City Guide. "Yali of Kibrisli". Retrieved 2012-09-11.
- ^ a b Heper & Criss 2009, 92.
- ^ a b Nevzat 2005, 276.
- ^ Nevzat 2005, 280.
- ^ Nevzat 2005, 281.
- ^ St. John-Jones 1983, 56.
- ^ H.M. Stationery Office (1955). "The Tripartite Conference on the Eastern Mediterranean and Cyprus held by the Governments of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Greece, and Turkey". H.M. Stationery Office. p. 22. Retrieved 2013-10-21.
- ^ Yilmaz 2005, 153
- ^ a b Yilmaz 2005, 153
- ^ a b c Yilmaz 2005, 154
- ^ Ansari 2004, 151
- ^ Ansari 2004, 154
- ^ Cassia 2007, 236
- ^ Bridgwood 1995, 34
- ^ Panayiotopoulos & Dreef 2002, 52
- ^ London Evening Standard. "Turkish and proud to be here". Archived from the original on 2011-01-22. Retrieved 2010-10-02.
- ^ Strüder 2003, 12
- ^ Tocci 2004, 61
- ^ BBC. "Turkish today by Viv Edwardss". Archived from the original on 2011-01-25. Retrieved 2010-09-26.
- ^ Cassia 2007, 238
- ^ Every Culture. "Cypriot Americans". Retrieved 2012-10-16.
- ^ Atasoy 2011, 38.
- ^ Keser 2006, 103.
- ^ U.S. Census Bureau. "Persons Who Reported at Least One Specific Ancestry Group for the United States: 1980" (PDF). Retrieved 2012-10-07.
- ^ Anadolu Agency (2012). "US Congress hosts first Turkish Cypriot Day". Anadolu Agency. Retrieved 2012-10-03.
Bibliography
- Ansari, Humayun (2004), The Infidel Within: Muslims in Britain since 1800, C. Hurst & Co. Publishers, ISBN 978-1-85065-685-2.
- Atasoy, Ahmet (2011), "Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti'nin Nüfus Coğrafyası" (PDF), Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8 (15): 29–62
- Bridgwood, Ann (1995), "Dancing the Jar: Girls' Dress and Turkish Cypriot Weddings", in ISBN 978-1-85973-003-4.
- ISBN 9789963737345
- Cassia, Paul Sant (2007), Bodies of Evidence: Burial, Memory, and the Recovery of Missing Persons in Cyprus, Berghahn Books, ISBN 978-1-84545-228-5.
- Cleland, Bilal (2001), "The History of Muslims in Australia", in Saeed, Abdullah; Akbarzadeh, Shahram (eds.), Muslim Communities in Australia, University of New South Wales, ISBN 0-86840-580-9.
- Heper, Metin; Criss, Bilge (2009), Historical Dictionary of Turkey, Scarecrow Press, ISBN 978-0810860650.
- Hüssein, Serkan (2007), Yesterday & Today: Turkish Cypriots of Australia, Serkan Hussein, ISBN 978-0-646-47783-1.
- Keser, Ulvi (2006), "Kıbrıs'ta Göç Hareketleri ve 1974 Sonrasında Yaşananlar" (PDF), Çağdaş Türkiye Araştırmaları Dergisi, 12 (Spring 2006): 103–129
- Nevzat, Altay (2005), Nationalism Amongst the Turks of Cyprus: The First Wave (PDF), Oulu University Press, ISBN 9514277503.
- Panayiotopoulos, Prodromos; Dreef, Marja (2002), "London: Economic Differentiation and Policy Making", in Rath, Jan (ed.), Unravelling the rag trade: immigrant entrepreneurship in seven world cities, Berg Publishers, ISBN 978-1-85973-423-0.
- Papadakis, Yiannis; Peristianis, Nicos; Welz, Gisela (2006), Divided Cyprus: Modernity, History, and an Island in Conflict, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, ISBN 0-253-21851-9.
- St. John-Jones, L.W. (1983), Population of Cyprus: Demographic Trends and Socio-economic Influences, Maurice Temple Smith Ltd, ISBN 0851172326.
- Yilmaz, Ihsan (2005), Muslim Laws, Politics and Society in Modern Nation States: Dynamic Legal Pluralisms in England, Turkey and Pakistan, Ashgate Publishing, ISBN 0-7546-4389-1.
- Strüder, Inge R. (2003), Do concepts of ethnic economies explain existing minority enterprises? The Turkish speaking economies in London (PDF), London School of Economics, ISBN 0-7530-1727-X
- ISBN 0-7546-4310-7.
External links
- Reassessing what we collect website – Turkish Cypriot London History of Turkish Cypriot London with objects and images
- Turkish Cypriots of Australia - Historical Book
- Oral Histories - Turkish Cypriots of Australia